A survey was conducted by Ponemon Institute, sponsored by Keyfactor, to understand the challenges and costs of managing cryptographic keys and digital identities. The report analyzed five scenarios related to unsecured digital identities, including the operational and compliance costs of failures, the cost of security exploits, and the likelihood of these issues occurring in the next two years. On average, the report found that organizations will likely experience unplanned outages due to expired certificates costing $11.1 million, failed audits or compliance issues costing $14.4 million, server or code signing certificate misuse costing $13.4-15 million, and compromise by rogue certificate authorities costing $13.2 million.