SMART GROUND Decision Support Tools

1. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation
programme under Grant Agreement No 641988
SMART data collection and inteGRation platform to enhance availability and accessibility of
data and infOrmation in the EU territory on SecoNDary Raw Materials
Decision Support Tools for enhanced
landfill mining
(MSW and EW)
Frederic Coulon, Stuart Wagland, Zoe Griffiths
(Cranfield University)
Giovanna Dino, Piergiorgio Rossetti, Giulio Biglia
(University of Torino)

2. www.smart-ground.eu
DECISION SUPPORT TOOL
Greater than 20 years
Age of Waste
Economics
Greater than 5 years
Site Life
• Revenue Additional
Airspace
• Value Recovered Soil
• Avoided Costs
Existing
Grades
GW
Compliance
Site Life
Remaining
Economics
Age of
Waste

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DECISION SUPPORT TOOLS
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)
Extractive Waste (EW)

4. www.smart-ground.eu
ELFM PROCESS OVERVIEW CONSIDERED
MSW DST - ELFM

5. www.smart-ground.eu
SCENARIOS CONSIDERED
MSW DST - ELFM

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SCENARIOS AND TECHNOLOGIES OVERVIEW
MSW DST - ELFM

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WASTE COMPOSITION MIX CONSIDERED
Waste Composition
Waste Fraction 100% MSW
75% MSW,
25% C&I
50% MSW,
50% C&I
25% MSW,
75% C&I
100%
C&I
<10mm Soil Type 45.9% 49.5% 53.1% 56.8% 60.4%
Plastics 17.2% 6.6% 15.9% 15.3% 14.6%
Paper/Cardboard 7.1% 5.9% 4.6% 3.4% 2.2%
Wood 7.4% 7.4% 7.5% 7.5% 7.5%
Textiles 4.0% 3.5% 3.0% 2.5% 2.0%
Glass 1.6% 1.2% 0.8% 0.4% 0.1%
Stones (inert) 10.4% 10.3% 10.3% 10.2% 10.2%
Ferrous Metals 2.8% 2.8% 2.9% 3.0% 3.1%
Non-ferrous Metals
(REE)
0.8% 0.6% 0.4% 0.2% 0.0%
Hazardous 0.2% 0.2% 0.1% 0.1% 0.0%
Organic 2.7% 2.0% 1.3% 0.7% 0.0%
TOTAL: 100% 100% 100% 100% 100%
MSW DST - ELFM

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ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS
Environmental
Impact Area Indicator Definition
Air
GHG
Release of greenhouse gas emissions;
closely linked with energy consumption
PM
Production and release of particulate
matter into the air
Odour Production of odour
NOx SOx
Production and release of nitrous and
sulphurous oxides into the air
VOCs
Production and release of volatile organic
compounds into the atmosphere
Water Water Contamination Impact on contamination levels in water
Soil Soil Contamination Impact on contamination levels in soil
Ecology
Biota
Intrusion (e.g. light level changes,
landscape changes, visual changes) on
surrounding biota
Noise Amount of noise generated
Resource Use and
Waste Generation
Waste Production Amount of waste produced
Metal Recovery Amount of metal recovered
Combustible Recovery Amount of RDF recovered
MSW DST - ELFM

9. www.smart-ground.eu
ECONOMIC INDICATORS
Indicator Definition Assumptions
Net
Income
Difference between revenues
and costs
-
Revenue
Income from sale of recovered
materials, sale of produced
electricity and sale of reclaimed
land
Heavy and hazardous fraction resulting from sorting and ATT
have a net income of zero. Adjusted for inflation using
inflation rates from 2005-December 2016 (OECD, 2017;
Eurostat, 2017). All obtained currencies converted to Euros
(€). Conversion rate for GBP (£) to Euros (€) and US Dollars
($) to Euros (€) 1.17 and 0.9416 respectively
Costs
Operational and capital costs of
soil flushing, excavation,
separation, sorting techniques
and ATT. Also considers
transportation costs
Adjusted for inflatrion using inflation rates from 2005-
December 2016 (ref). All obtained currencies converted to
Euros (€). Conversion rate for GBP (£) to Euros (€) and US
Dollars ($) to Euros (€) 1.17 and 0.9416 respectively
MSW DST - ELFM

10. Indicator Definition
Community
Involvement
Community involvement with and acceptance of the ELFM
project; dependent on consequences of the ELFM project that
have a direct impact on human life
Human Health Impact on the health of site-workers and community members
(e.g. by VOCs, noise, odour dust etc.)
Ethical Considerations Possibility of ethical disputes (e.g. contaminated groundwater
that is the source of potable water for the community)
Nuisance on
Neighbourhoods
Occurrence of nuisance factors (e.g. noise, light pollution, odour
etc.)
Evidence of
Sustainability and Level of
Uncertainty
Degree of environmental sustainability and levels of uncertainty
related to these outcomes
www.smart-ground.eu
SOCIAL INDICATORS
MSW DST - ELFM

11. www.smart-ground.eu
TECHNOLOGIES SCORING SCALE
Score Definition
3 High negative impact
2 Moderate negative impact
1 Low negative impact
0 No impact
-1 Low positive impact
-2 Moderate positive impact
-3 High positive impact
MSW DST - ELFM

12. Input Default value Custom value Units
Total amount of waste in landfill: tonnes
Total landfill area: ha
Waste Composition (% of weight) : 100% MSW Custom composition
<10mm soil type 45.89% w/w
Plastic 17.22% w/w
Paper/Cardboard 7.13% w/w
Wood 7.38% w/w
Textile 3.97% w/w
Glass 1.59% w/w
Stones, inert 10.38% w/w
Ferrous metals 2.76% w/w
Non-ferrous metals (REEs) 0.79% w/w
Hazardous 0.20% w/w
Organic waste 2.68% w/w
Current sum : 0%
Is there a liner in the landfill?
Number of residents within 1 km radius PE
Value of remediated land:
Residential 155 €/m²
Industrial 80 €/m²
Agricultural 10 €/m²
Nature 3 €/m²
Landfill 40 €/m²
Distance from the landfill to Waste treatment facility km
Distance from waste treatment facility to waste to energy plant km
Distance from the landfill to Waste to Energy plant (gasifier) km
Criteria for selection of the best scenario The highest best case net income
50
80
10
100,000
10
No
> 1000
www.smart-ground.eu
SCENARIO DISPLAY INPUT
Criteria for selection of the best scenario
The highest best-case net income
The highest best-case net revenues
The lowest best-case costs
The highest worst-case net income
The highest worst-case revenues
The lowest worst-case costs
The best environmental score
The best social score
MSW DST - ELFM

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BEST SCENARIO RESULTS
100
1926
Economics
EnvironmentalSocial
MSW DST - ELFM

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BEST SCENARIO RESULTS
MSW DST - ELFM

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SCENARIO RESULTS OVERVIEW

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METALS, CRM, REE AMOUNT AND VALUE ESTIMATION
MSW DST - ELFM

17. EW DST - ELFM
www.smart-ground.eu
Remediation and/or safety
condition of the extractive
waste facility area
Filling
materials for road construction,
infrastructures, etc.
Waste material for aggregate
production in-situ or off-site (i.e.
aggregates for concrete, road
foundation, railway ballast, etc.)
Waste material for SRM/CRM production EW
facility exploitation to obtain i.e. Pb-Zn concentrate
Waste material for by-products (fine particle
for artificial soil, geo-materials, etc.)
PROCESS OVERVIEW CONSIDERED

18. ACTIONS AND TECHNOLOGIES
remediation
excavation
drilling
blasting
pneumatic hammer
jaw crushes
hammer mill
screener
magnetic separation
gravimetric separation
flotation
advanced flotation
transport
safety condition
waste management
Fill here all the technologies
or actions used in all the
scenarios proposed; this
table is linked with different
tables in the Excel DST
Excavation Pneumatic hummer
Jaw crushes Flotation Transport Hammer mill Screener
TECHNOLOGIES OVERVIEW

19. EW DST - ELFM
www.smart-ground.eu
EW- ELFM SCENARIOS AND TECHNOLOGIES OVERVIEW
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3 Step 4 Step 5 Step 6 Step 7 Step 8 Step 9
Scenario 1 EW Facility Remediation - - - - - - -
Scenario 2 EW Facility Safety condition - - - - - - -
Scenario 3 EW Facility Excavation
Crushing &
screening in-
situ
Aggregates and
waste (<2 mm)
- - - - -
Scenario 4 EW Facility Excavation Transport
Crushing &
screening off-site
Aggregates
and waste (<2
mm)
- - - -
Scenario 5 EW Facility Excavation Transport
Crushing &
screening off-site
Gravimetric
separation
Flotation
Product (Pb-Zn
conc.) and
waste
- -
Scenario 6 EW Facility Excavation Transport
Crushing &
screening off-site
Gravimetric
separation
Flotation
Advanced
treatment
Product (Pb-Zn
conc.) and
waste
-
scenario 7 EW Facility Excavation Transport
Gravimetric
separation
Flotation
Product (Pb-Zn
conc.) and
waste
- - -
scenario 8 EW Facility Excavation Transport
Gravimetric
separation
Flotation
Advanced
treatment
Product (Pb-Zn
conc.) and
waste
- -
List of technologies and
actions used
Final products
List of
scenarios
proposed

20. Landfill
information
Waste
characterization
(from waste characterization
tab)
Economic
values from the
remediate land
Logistic
information
Information about
resident and landfill
SCENARIO DISPLAY INPUT

21. Best scenario
evaluated
Radar graph
Total score for social impact
Total score for
Environmental impact
Revenues: worst and best
case
Costs: worst and best case
Net Income
BEST SCENARIO RESULTS

22. Scenario 6
Unit Worst case Best case
Economic
REVENUES
€
10.272.000 15.488.000
Other revenues € 0 0
Total amount of aggregates tonnes 0 0
Total amount of by-product tonnes 6.400 6.400
Total amount of Pd-Zn concentrate tonnes 51.200 51.200
Revenue from aggregates € 0 0
Revenue from Pb-Zn concentrate € 10.240.000 15.360.000
Revenue from by-products € 32.000 128.000
COSTS € 6.998.928 5.562.928
Safety condition € 0 0
Remediation € 0 0
excavation € 350.000 310.000
Transport € 192.928 92.928
Crushing & sieving € 684.000 636.000
magnetic separation € 0,00 0,00
gravimetric separation € 100.000 100.000
Flotation € 2.500.000 2.100.000
Advanced flotation € 2.500.000 2.100.000
Waste management € 672.000 224.000
Other cost (energie,…) €
NET INCOME € 3.273.072 9.925.072
Revenues from
scenario 6 (data
from «revenues»
tab)
Costs from
scenario 6 (data
from «costs» tab)
Automatic calculation :
Revenues – Costs = Net
Income
BEST SCENARIO RESULTS

23. www.smart-ground.eu
VIDEO AND INTERACTIVE MATERIALS
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S-ezhJU9k40
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCQ-uV0DrH2KJQTCR58TkKPw

24. Project Coordinator
Marco de la Feld
ENCO s.r.l.
m.delafeld@enco-consulting.itwww.smart-ground.eu

25. Thank you for your attention!
Frederic Coulon
f.coulon@cranfield.ac.uk
www.smart-ground.eu