Lecture 6 – Integumentary System Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology Review Questions, Spring 2015 Student objectives: 1. Discuss the role of the skin in the protection of the body from disease and external injury, and the regulation of body fluids and temperature, absorption, synthesis, sensory reception and communication 2. Discuss the functions of skin, hair, glands and nails 3. Name the glands of the skin and describe the secretions they produce 4. Describe the structure and function of the epidermis, dermis and hypodermis 5. Explain how melanin, carotene, blood and collagen affect skin color Review questions: 1. Name the components of the integumentary system. 2. What functions does the Integumentary system serve? 3. In what ways does the integumentary system provide protection? 4. What are the layers of the Integumentary system? What components does each layer have/lack? 5. Why is it important that the epidermis serve as a barrier against UV rays, yet not block them out completely? 6. What kind of tissue is the epidermis? Where are new cells formed? From where are they sloughed (ie. Gotten rid of)? 7. Define keratinization. What role does keratinization play? 8. Name the cells that produce melanin. What role does melanin play? 9. Describe the factors that determine the amount of melanin produced in the skin. 10. Explain the differences in skin color between individuals and in different parts of the body. 11. What structure aids to protect us from UV damage to our nuclei? What is skin cancer, what kinds are there and how can we prevent it? 12. What type of tissue is the dermis? What is responsible for its structural strength? How does the dermis supply the epidermis with blood? 13. What type of tissue is the hypodermis and what are its functions? 14. What does it mean that a structure is a “skin derivative”? 15. Briefly describe the structure of hair. What part of hair is the site of hair growth? Is most of the hair alive or dead? 16. What happens when the arrector pili of the skin contract? 17. What roles do the sebaceous and sweat glands play. How are these glands similar/different? 18. What functions does each of the above types of glands provide? 19. Why is it that sweat is sometimes smelly? 20. What are nails made up of? Describe the structure of the nail and where it grows from. What purpose do nails serve? 21. Explain the role of the Integumentary system in wound healing. How does a wound heal? At what level does healing begin? Where does the blood come from when you receive a wound? Where do new cells come from? What if you don’t bleed when you cut yourself, what does that mean? 22. List the steps of wound healing and explain what is occurring in each. 1 Lecture 5: The Tissue Level of Organization Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology Review questions, Spring 2015 Student objectives: 1. Define histology and tissue 2. Describe the functional relationship between cells and tissues 3. Describe the gener ...

1. Lecture 6 – Integumentary System
Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology
Review Questions, Spring 2015
Student objectives:
1. Discuss the role of the skin in the protection of the body from
disease and external injury, and the regulation of body fluids
and temperature, absorption, synthesis, sensory reception and
communication
2. Discuss the functions of skin, hair, glands and nails
3. Name the glands of the skin and describe the secretions they
produce
4. Describe the structure and function of the epidermis, dermis
and hypodermis
5. Explain how melanin, carotene, blood and collagen affect
skin color
Review questions:
1. Name the components of the integumentary system.
2. What functions does the Integumentary system serve?
3. In what ways does the integumentary system provide
protection?
4. What are the layers of the Integumentary system? What
components does each layer have/lack?
5. Why is it important that the epidermis serve as a barrier
against UV rays, yet not block them out completely?
6. What kind of tissue is the epidermis? Where are new cells
formed? From where are they sloughed (ie. Gotten rid of)?
7. Define keratinization. What role does keratinization play?
8. Name the cells that produce melanin. What role does
melanin play?
9. Describe the factors that determine the amount of melanin
produced in the skin.
10. Explain the differences in skin color between individuals

2. and in different parts of the body.
11. What structure aids to protect us from UV damage to our
nuclei? What is skin cancer, what kinds are there and how can
we prevent it?
12. What type of tissue is the dermis? What is responsible for
its structural strength? How does the dermis supply the
epidermis with blood?
13. What type of tissue is the hypodermis and what are its
functions?
14. What does it mean that a structure is a “skin derivative”?
15. Briefly describe the structure of hair. What part of hair is
the site of hair growth? Is most of the hair alive or dead?
16. What happens when the arrector pili of the skin contract?
17. What roles do the sebaceous and sweat glands play. How
are these glands similar/different?
18. What functions does each of the above types of glands
provide?
19. Why is it that sweat is sometimes smelly?
20. What are nails made up of? Describe the structure of the
nail and where it grows from. What purpose do nails serve?
21. Explain the role of the Integumentary system in wound
healing. How does a wound heal? At what level does healing
begin? Where does the blood come from when you receive a
wound? Where do new cells come from? What if you don’t
bleed when you cut yourself, what does that mean?
22. List the steps of wound healing and explain what is
occurring in each.
1
Lecture 5: The Tissue Level of Organization
Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology
Review questions, Spring 2015

3. Student objectives:
1. Define histology and tissue
2. Describe the functional relationship between cells and tissues
3. Describe the general characteristics of the 4 major types of
tissue
4. Identify and differentiate among the types of epithelial tissue
and indicate a location and function of each type of epithelial
tissue
a. Simple squamous epithelium
b. Simple cuboidal
c. Simple columnar epithelium
d. Stratified squamous epithelium
e. Stratified columnar
i. Pseudostratified
f. Transitional epithelium
g. Glandular epithelium
5. Identify and differentiate among the types of connective
tissues and indicate a location and function of each type of
connective tissue
a. Areolar connective tissue
b. Adipose connective tissue
c. Dense (fibrous)
d. Fluid connective tissues
e. Hyaline/Elastic/Fibrous cartilage
f. Bone
6. Identify and differentiate among the types of muscle tissues
and indicate a location and function of each type of muscle
tissue
a. Skeletal muscle
b. Cardiac
c. Smooth muscle
Describe how muscle characteristics vary among the different
muscle types
Striated versus non-striated
Nuclei number and location
Cell shape and arrangement

4. Voluntary versus involuntary
7. Identify nervous tissue and indicate a location and function
for nervous tissue
a. Distinguish between neurons and neuroglia
8. Understand that tissues combine to form membranes. Be able
to describe what the different membranes are and where they
might be found.
Websites that you might find useful in your study of cell
structure and histology:
http://www.kumc.edu/instruction/medicine/anatomy/histoweb/in
dex.htm
http://www.anatomyatlases.org/MicroscopicAnatomy/Microscop
icAnatomy.shtml
Review questions:
1. Define a tissue. What are the similarities/differences
between cells, tissues and organs?
2. List the four major types of tissues. What are their general
characteristics?
3. The function of a tissue is actually a function of its cells.
And the function of a cell is a function of its organelles.
Knowing this, what type of organelles would be particularly
abundant in skeletal muscle tissue that requires a lot of energy
and in dense regular connective tissue that consists of tough
protein strands?
4. In what areas of the body is epithelial tissue located? What
are the characteristics of epithelial tissue?
5. Explain how epithelial tissue is classified according to the
number of cell layers and cell shape.
6. What type of epithelium would you expect to find in the

5. smallest blood vessels, the capillaries, which are the site of
diffusion of substances between the blood and other tissues and
why? What type of epithelium would you expect to find lining
the vagina and why?
7. What is the function of connective tissue? How does it differ
from other types of tissue?
8. What are the three major components of connective tissues?
9. How are the connective tissues classified? Describe each
connective tissue in relation to the way it is classified.
10. Compare the vascular supply of bones and ligaments and
discuss how this may be relevant to the clinical course (ie.
Healing time) of an ankle sprain versus an ankle fracture.
11. Functionally, what is unique about muscle? Describe how
the three different types of muscle are similar to and different
from one another.
12. Functionally, what is unique about nervous tissue? What is
the role of the neuroglia and neurons?
13. What are the different tissue membranes and what role does
each play?
14. Form = Function. For each of the four different tissues
explain how the appearance/form of that tissue is specific to its
function/to the job that it does.