Pompeii was a thriving Roman city near the Bay of Naples in Italy that was buried under meters of ash and rock after the catastrophic eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 A.D. The preserved ruins of Pompeii feature excavated streets and houses that now give visitors a glimpse into ancient Roman life. Mount Vesuvius erupted in 79 A.D., burying Pompeii under volcanic ash and killing its residents, many from suffocation from the pyroclastic flows that reached the city within minutes after the initial explosion.