Know about Heat wave from this ppt

1. HEAT WAVE

2. Objectives
Upon completion of this lesson, you will be
able to know…
• Risk mitigation for heat wave
• Protection from heat wave
• Heat wave do’s & don’ts
• Tips for treatment of a person affected by
sunstroke
• Need for acclimatization for heat wave.

3. Introduction
• Heat wave occurs during the peak summer season
when a system of high atmospheric pressure moves
into an area and lasts for two or more days.
• In such a high-pressure system, air from upper levels
of atmosphere is pulled toward the ground, where it
becomes compressed and increases the temperature.
• Heatwaves can be dangerous, causing illnesses such
as heat cramps and heat stroke which may even lead
to death.
• The increase in air temperature also affects the
oceans, weather patterns, snow, plants and animals.

5. The Indian Meteorological Department (IMD)
has given the following criteria for Heat Waves:
• Heat Wave need not be considered till
maximum temperature of a station reaches at
least 40°C for Plains and 30°C for Hilly regions.
• When actual maximum temperature remains
45°C or more irrespective of normal maximum
temperature, heat waves should be declared.

6. Heat Waves in India

7. • Eastern, Central and Western parts of India (UP, Bihar,
Odisha, Jharkhand Vidarbha reason of Maharashtra,
MP and Rajasthan etc.) are more vulnerable from heat
wave.
• In summer season temperature raises to more than 45
degree centigrade which adversely affects the
population.
• Not only human but also animal and vegetation are
badly affected due to the heat wave. Government also
issues guidelines, advisory and precautionary measures
time to time.
• The IMD also issues weather forecasting and advise to
concern state/district to take precautionary measure
according to condition.

8. Risk Mitigation
The hazard of heat waves can be minimized by:
• Early warning system and inter-agency coordination –Temperature
forecasts and heat alerts sent as bulk messages on mobile phones by the
nodal agencies.
• Medical up-gradation and administrative measures –Heat treatment wings
must be created in hospitals and an advisory on how to prevent exposure
and other heatwave related injuries must be circulated in schools, offices
and public at large.
• Public Awareness and community outreach – Raising public awareness
messages on how to protect against extreme heat-wave situations must
be done through electronic, print as well as social media, and IEC
materials.
• Collaboration with NGOs and civil society organizations – Building
temporary shelters, wherever necessary, improving water delivery systems
in public areas and other innovative measures to reduce body
temperature must be implemented.
• Assessing the impact –Feedback for reviewing and updating the plan for
Heat Wave disaster risk reduction must be made a regular feature in
Government actions as this can help in preparing early prevention plans in
accordance with the developing situation.

9. Health Impact of Heat Waves
The health impact of Heat Waves typically involve
dehydration, heat cramps, heat exhaustion and/or heat
stroke.
The signs and symptoms are as follows:
• Heat Cramps: Edema (swelling) and Syncope (Fainting)
generally accompanied by fever below 39°C i.e.,102°F.
• Heat Exhaustion: Fatigue, weakness, dizziness,
headache, nausea, vomiting, muscle cramps and
sweating.
• Heat Stoke: Body temperatures of 40°C i.e., 104°F or
more along with delirium, seizures or coma. This is a
potentially fatal condition.

10. PROTECTION FROM HEAT WAVE
IMPACT OF HEATWAVE
• HEALTH
Extreme temperature events have
profound - even fatal - impacts on human
health. Rapid rise in heat gains due to
exposure to hotter than average conditions
compromise the body's ability to regulate
temperature and can result in a surge of
illnesses.

11. Physical

12. During a heatwave, there is a significant increase in stress, anxiety, and
depression that may trigger or exacerbate mental, behavioural, and cognitive
disorders.
• Mental

13. Financial Impact
• Energy
– Temperature rise leads to an increase in need for space cooling.
The power demand in urban areas during summers peak with
"cooling load" due to the use of air conditioners, coolers and
fans contributing to maximum consumption of electricity.
– Extreme temperatures exacerbate the demand for mechanical
cooling and air-conditioners, leading to increased electrical
consumption impacting the average expenditure for a
household.

14. Resilience strategies against
HEATWAVE for Home
• Building orientation and design can improve the
impacts of heat waves, urban heat islands and local air
pollution. Thermal comfort in buildings through low-
energy consuming means complement each other in
making comfortable living a reality.

15. Cooling solution for exiting home

17. Bamboo, Thatch & Palm Leaves Roof
Screen

24. Paints and Finishes
• Paint and wall finishes have an important role on
solar absorption and thermal emittance of the
façade. Wall color and texture can help to reduce
temperatures by reducing solar heat gain.

25. COOLING SOLUTIONS FOR NEW
HOMES

26. Planning & Orientation
• Orientation of the building plays a crucial role with
respect to solar exposure and wind direction.
• Orientation affects the heat gain through building
envelope and thus the cooling demand of the building.

27. Fenestrations & Shading
• Fenestrations
Properly oriented doors and windows when
open provide natural cross ventilation. More
cooling can be obtained if air is forced to take the
longer path between inlet and outlet.

28. • Shading
– Shading devices are an effective means of cutting
down on solar heat gain into the building and
thereby reducing the external surface
temperatures of the envelope which can easily
reach up to 10% higher than ambient
temperatures in hot climates.
– Exterior shading devices can be provided in a
variety of materials and designs, including
sunshades, awnings, louvres, bamboo screens,
'jaali'.

31. • Landscaping
– Shading with trees
(along with
evaporation) can
reduce the ambient
temperature near
outer walls by 2ºC
to 5ºC. Landscaping
helps shade south,
east or west facing
windows from
summer heat gain.

32. • Terrace gardens
– Terrace gardens reduce overall heat
absorption of buildings and insulate
the building against heat & cold.
They provide shade by breaking the
solar radiations, improves air
quality and cools the surrounding
air.
• Vertical Green & Creepers
– Vertical green has a multi-
functional character. It provides
shade, improves air quality, reduces
building and internal temperatures
by 2ºC to 8ºC.
• Pergola & Trellis
– Pergola not only defines a space
but most important they provide
shade there by reducing the direct
impact of solar radiations resulting
in heat gain and improving thermal
comfort

33. HEAT WAVE: DO’S & DON’T’S
To minimize the impact during the heat wave and to prevent serious
ailment or death because of heat stroke, you can take the following
measures:
– Avoid going out in the sun, especially between 12.00 noon and 3.00
p.m.
– Drink sufficient water and as often as possible, even if not thirsty.
– Wear lightweight, light- colored, loose, and porous cotton clothes.
– Use protective goggles, umbrella/hat, shoes or slippers while going
out in the sun.
– Avoid strenuous activities when the outside temperature is high. Avoid
working outside between 12 noon and 3 p.m.
– While travelling, carry water with you.
– Avoid alcohol, tea, coffee and carbonated soft drinks, which
dehydrates the body. ▪ Avoid high-protein food and do not eat stale
food.
– If you work outside, use a hat or an umbrella and also use a damp
cloth on your head, neck, face and limbs
– Do not leave children or pets in parked vehicles

34. HEAT WAVE: DO’S & DON’T’S
– If you have dizziness, illness or feel like fainting, see a
doctor immediately.
– Use ORS, homemade drinks like lassi, torani (rice
water), lemon water, buttermilk, etc. which helps to
re-hydrate the body.
– Keep animals in shade and give them plenty of water
to drink.
– Keep your home cool, use curtains, shutters, sunshade
and open windows at only during night.
– Use fans, damp clothing and take bath in cold water
frequently.

35. ADVISIORY ON HEAT WAVE
The National Disaster Management Authority has issued advisory on what to
do and what not to do in a heat wave affected area. They are as follows:
• DO’S
– Drink enough water and whenever possible, even if not
thirsty. It is necessary to stay hydrated in these conditions.
– Schedule strenuous jobs to cooler times of the day.
– Increase the frequency and length of rest, when involved
in outdoor activities.
– Pregnant workers and workers with a medical condition
should be given additional attention and leave if necessary.
– Planting trees and or even smaller plants will reduce the
surface and air temperatures by providing shade and
cooling around your house.

36. • DON’T
– Do not leave children or pets in parked vehicles. The metallic
bodies of these vehicles will super heat the vehicles resulting in
dehydration and at times even death.
– Avoid going out in the afternoons, especially around 12.00
noon and 3.00 p.m.
– Do not wear dark, heavy or tight clothing. Wearing loose
clothing is advisable as it allows the body to exhale more easily.
– Do not engage in physically demanding activities when the
outside temperature is high.
– Do not cook during peak hours. But should you choose to, open
doors and windows to ventilate the cooking area adequately.
– Drinks like tea, alcohol, coffee and aerated drinks, will dehydrate
your body faster. So they must be avoided
– Avoid food items high in proteins and completely avoid eating
stale food.

37. Tips for treatment of a person
affected by a sunstroke:
• Let the person lie in a cool place, under a shade.
Wipe her/him with a wet cloth/wash the body
frequently. Pour normal temperature water on
the head. The main thing is to bring down the
body temperature.
• Give the person ORS to drink or lemon sarbat/
torani or whatever is useful to rehydrate the
body.
• Take the person immediately to the nearest
health centre. The patient needs immediate
hospitalization, as heat strokes could be fatal.

38. • EMERGENCY KIT
– Water bottle
– Umbrella/ Hat or Cap / Head Cover
– Hand Towel
– Hand Fan
– Electrolyte / Glucose / Oral Rehydration

39. Acclimation to heat wave:
• People at risk are those who have come from a
cooler climate to a hot climate.
• You may have such a person(s) visiting your
family during the heat wave season.
• They should not move in open area for a period
of one week till the body is acclimatized to heat
and should drink plenty of water.
• Acclimatization is achieved by gradual exposure
to the hot environment.