solubility of liquid in liquid, Factors Affecting Liquid Solubility, Raoult’s Law, Application of Raoult’s Law

1. SOLUBILITY – 6
SOLUBILITY OF LIQUID IN LIQUID
& RAOULT’S LAW
Presented By:
Mr. S.M. Ambore
Asst. Professor,
DK Patil Institute of Pharmacy, Loha. Nanded

2. LEARNING OUTCOMES….
Solubility of Liquid
Factors Affecting Liquid
Solubility
Raoult’s Law
Application of Raoult’s Law 2

3. 3
SOLUBILITY OF LIQUID
The solubility of liquid in liquid is very common
phenomena. In our day to day life we come across number
of examples like alcohol-water, juice-carbonated water etc.
On the basis of proportion of miscibility of one
liquid in another, there three types of liquid solubility…….
1. Completely miscible liquids
2. Partially miscible liquids
3. Immiscible liquids

4. COMPLETELY MISCIBLE LIQUIDS
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In this system, liquids are completely miscible with each
other at any proportion.
Eg. Alcohol-water, glycerin-alcohol, water-glycerin, benzene-CCl4
etc .

5. COMPLETELY MISCIBLE LIQUIDS
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Properties:
1. It is not strictly additive
2. Mostly volume increases, sometimes decreases
3. Heat may be absorbed or evolved
4. For separation of liquids Fractional Distillation is used

6. PARTIALLY MISCIBLE LIQUIDS
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In this system, liquids are miscible with each other,
but to a partial extent.
1. This system forms tow layers.
2. Each layer is conjugate solutions of each other.
3. Heat may be absorbed or evolved

7. CRITICAL SOLUTION TEMPERATURE
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The upper critical solution temperature (UCST) or upper
consolute temperature is the critical temperature above which the
components of a mixture are miscible in all proportions.

8. IMMISCIBLE LIQUIDS
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In this system, liquids are not miscible with each other at
any proportion.
1. This system mix after vigorous shaking but separates on
standing.
2. Components varies chemically and polarity wise.
Eg. Castor oil(Organic & Non polar when mixed with
water(Inorganic & Polar)

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FACTORS AFFECTING LIQUID SOLUBILITY
1. Temperature
2. Solubilizing agent
3. Nature of Gas and Solvent(Polar/Non-polar)
4. Presence or absence of electrolyte

10. RAOULT’S LAW
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It was presented by French Chemist Francois Marie Raoult in 1887.
This law is for Binary solutions.

11. RAOULT’S LAW
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Total vapor pressure can be determined by using mole
fraction of any single component with the help of Raoult’s Law.
Vapor pressure(P) of solution is directly
proportional to the mole fraction of Solvent(X
Solvent).
Psolution α Xsolvent

12. RAOULT’S LAW
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Psolution α Xsolvent

13. RAOULT’S LAW
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P1 α x1, P1 = P10 x1
P2 α x2, P2 = P20 x2
As per Dalton,
P total = P1 + P2
P total = P10 x1 + P20 x2
As, x1 + X2 = 1. X1 = 1 – X2
P total = P10 (1- X2)+ P20 x2
P total = P10 + (P20 _ P10 ) x2

14. RAOULT’S LAW
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15. LIMITATIONS OF RAOULT’S LAW
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1. Its is applicable only to very dilute solutions.
2. It is applicable when solute is non volatile.
3. Solute should not dissociate or associate in solution.
4. It doesn’t consider attractive forces in solution.

16. APPLICATION OF RAOULT’S LAW
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APPLICATION OF
HENRY’S LAW
BINARY SOLUTION

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Ambore Sandeep