Latent heat, Vapor pressure, Critical point, Eutectic mixture, Relative Humidity, Aerosol, Liquid Complex, Liquid crystal

1. STATES OF MATTER-3
LATENT HEAT, VAPOR PRESSURE,
CRITICAL POINT, EUTECTIC MIXTURE,
RELATIVE HUMIDITY, AEROSOL,
LIQUID COMPLEX-CRYSTAL
Presented By:
Mr. S.M. Ambore
Asst. Professor,
DK Patil Institute of Pharmacy, Loha. Nanded

2. LEARNING OUTCOMES….
Latent Heat
Vapor Pressure
Critical-Triple point
Eutectic mixture
Relative Humidity
Aerosol-Inhalers
Liquid Complex
Liquid Crystal
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INTER-CONVERSION OF
STATES
The state of matter changes on the basis of heat exchange.
i.e. absorbed/evolved.

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LATENT HEAT
The energy absorbed or released by a substance
during a change in its physical State(Phase), without
change in temperature is called as Latent Heat.

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LATENT HEAT

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VAPOR PRESSURE
The pressure exerted by vapor at equilibrium(rate of
evaporation equals to rate of condensation) is called as Vapor
Pressure.

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CRITICAL POINT
It is the point there is no distinction between saturated
liquid and saturated vapor.
At this point latent heat of vaporization is zero.
For water, Critical pressure= 22.064 megapascals
Critical temperature = 647.096 K (373.946 °C)

8. TRIPLE POINT
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EUTECTIC MIXTURE
It is the mixture of two or more components which
usually do not interact to form a new chemical compound but,
which at certain rations inhibit crystallization process of one
another resulting in lowering of melting points than either of
components.

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APPLICATION OF EUTECTIC
MIXTURES
Lidocaine and Prilocaine these two local anesthetics
forms eutectic mixture at 1:1 ratio at 18 C.
This mixture forms liquid at room temperature that can
be used as mixed local anesthetic for topical application.

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AEROSOLS - INHALERS
An Aerosol is a suspension of fine particles or liquid
droplets, in air or another gas.
It is liquefication of gas by applying pressure and
temperature below critical point.
AEROSOL
Natural
Fog,
Dust.
Forest Exudates,
Geyser Steam
Anthropogenic
Haze,
Particulate air
pollutants,
Smoke

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AEROSOLS - INHALERS
Propellant : Nitrogen, CO2, NO2
Inhalers types : Metered dose, Dry Powder, Nebulizer

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RELATIVE HUMIDITY
Relative humidity can be defined as ratio of amount of
water vapor in the air at specific temperature to the
maximum amount that air could hold at that temperature.
Relative Humidity = Actual water vapor pressure / Saturated
water vapor pressure X 100 %

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RELATIVE HUMIDITY
1. The amount of water vapor that air can hold increases
with increase in temperature.
2. Relative humidity decreases with increase in temperature
if the actual amount of water vapor remains same.

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LIQUID COMPLEXES
Liquid complexes are binary mixtures that have
coexistence between two phases i.e. solid-liquid, liquid-liquid,
gas-liquid.
1. They show unusual mechanical response to applied
stress/strain.
2. This happens due to high disorder, caging and
clustering.
SHAVING
CREAM

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LIQUID CRYSTALS
1. Liquid crystal is fourth state of matter also called as
Mesophase
2. It posses properties of both crystalline solid & liquid.

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THERMO-TROPIC LIQUID CRYSTALS
1. It depends upon Temperature.
2. Nematic : No positional order, but long range orientational
order
3. Smectic : Have both positional & Orientational order.
4. Cholestric : Special type of Nematic LC, having thin layers of
parallel mesogens, with longitudinal axes rotated in adjacent
layers at certain angle.

18. LYOTROPIC LIQUID CRYSTALS
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Lyo = Dissolve & Tropic = Change
• It is formed by dissolving an amphiphilic mesogen in a
suitable solvent, under appropriate conditions of concentration,
temperature and pressure.

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