2. Deviation
• A linguistic deviation interferes with
normal communication, creating a void in
the reader's ability to understand the text.
The gap can be filled, and the variance
rendered substantial. But only if the
reader makes an effort to use their
imagination and sees a deeper link that
makes up for the obvious anomaly.
3. Deviation is:
• To use inventive or creative language
• A language distinct from the one used in
normal conversation
• Using unique or unusual language
• Giving his readers unexpected surprise
and produce a strong impression on their
mind.
6. Lexical Deviation
• Lexical deviation refers to the breaking of
lexical or word construction rules. One of
the more obvious ways a poet might go
beyond the limitations of language is
through neologism, the creation of new
words. Geoffrey Leech contends that the
more accurate reason is that an existing
rule being applied more broadly than is
typical.
7. Example
• affixation of prefix fore to a verb such as
foresee and foretell
“And I Tiresias have foresuffered all” (Eliot,
The Wateland)
8. • The two most frequent methods of word
construction are compounding and
affixation. Compounding is the joining of
two or more items to make a single
compound one and affixation is the
affixation of prefix or suffix to an item
already in language and affixation is the
joining of tow or more items to make a
single compound one.
11. Grammatical Deviation
• By grammar rules, we mean the syntax
rules. Grammatical deviation is the term
used when the rules of grammar are
breached.
12. Example
“does not be lining she”
• The word ‘she’ cannot be used at the end.
“I” cannot be followed by the word "does,"
and the word "be" is likewise
inappropriate in this sentence.
13. • The misclassification that occurs in this
phrase from The Wreck of the Deutschland
is quite different.
“Thou has bound bones and veins in me,
fastened me flesh”
14. The word "fastened" was used in a
construction that it does not usually fit. As it
appears to be a grammatical deviation
formed in the pattern of "crown him king"
and "cook him dinner," it is constructed as
"to make me into flesh by fastening." A
rough paraphrase can be "fasten flesh for
me".
16. Phonological Deviation
• Phonological patterns tend to be more
obvious than other types of deviance.
Because of this, phonological deviation in
English poetry is only marginally
significant.
• The variations of pronunciation used in
English poetry are typical poetic freedoms.
19. Graphological Deviation
• It includes violating the rules about
capitalization, line spacing, punctuation,
etc. American author e.e. Cummings is
renowned for his unconventional
punctuation choices. When it comes to
punctuation and capital letters, he omits
them where they are usually used. For
him, they are no longer only symbols to
be employed in accordance with
typographic conventions, but rather
expressive devices.
20. • If e.e. cummings ignores orthographic
conventions, there are poets who employ
them in innovative and creative ways.
• The capitalization and punctuation styles
used by Emily Dickenson are well-known.
To emphasize particular ideas, she
capitalizes key words. Dashes and other
unconventional punctuation help to convey
the persona's hesitant thinking.
21. Example
By: E.e cummings
me up at does
out of the floor
quietly Stare
a poisoned mouse
still who alive
is asking What
have i done that
you wouldn't have
23. Semantic Deviation
• W. B. Yeats believed that all great poetry
contained an element of irrationality.
Theodore Roethke said, "There is a
sophisticated looniness." When we think
about the topic of semantic deviation, this
is the aspect of poetry that is in the focus.
In poetry, we change meaning from a
literal to a figurative viewpoint.
24. • Semantic deviation may be translated into
something odd or nonsensical if we take it
literally.
25. Example
Wordsworth's "The child is the father of the
man" is far form nonsensical by the
generous standards of poetic appreciation.
26. • Its very face-value oddity lends it abnormal
power of significance. Whereas by
deliberately unimaginative standards of
interpretation it is impossible for a child to
be father of a man.
• The statement made by Wordsworth has
semantic meaning, which compels the
reader to think beyond the dictionary's
progenitor definition of the word "father."
28. Dialectal Deviation
• For the average writer of functional prose,
who is expected to write in the widely
recognized and understood dialect known
as Standard English, dialectism, or the
borrowing of aspects of socially or
regionally defined dialects, is a small sort
of license.
• It is frequently used by humorists and
storytellers. Dialectism can accomplish a
lot of things for the poet.
29. Example
In Shepherd's Calendar, Spencer's use of
homely provincial words like Hydeguyes (a
type of dance), rountes (young bullocks),
weanell (newly weaned kid or lamb) and
whimble (nimble) evoke a flavor of rustic
naivety in keeping with the sentiments of
pastoral.
30. • The writer's intention to describe life as
seen through the perspective and ethos of
one particular part of English-speaking
society is virtually intimately connected to
dialectism.
32. Deviation of Register
• Even though the technique of using
language from other non-poetic languages
is not new, poets of the twenty-first century
have used it with audacity never before
seen. Poets in the modern era have
proclaimed their independence from poetic
linguistic restrictions.
33. • In poetry, register borrowing is nearly
invariably accompanied with register
mixing, which is the usage of features
unique to various registers in the same
text.
34. Example
Eliot in The Wasteland juxtaposes high-
flown poetical diction and stock journalistic
phraseology:
The nymphs are departed
Departed, have left no addresses.
Naming of Parts by Henry Reed
Today we have naming of parts. Yesterday,
We had daily cleaning. And tomorrow morning,
We shall have what to do after firing. But today
Today we have naming of parts. Japonica
Glistens like coral in all of the neighboring gardens,
And today we have naming of parts.
35. Here, the effect of mixing two registers is the
rifle instruction and the lyrical description. It
has a satirical impact that is bolder, more
evident, but nonetheless effective. The first
four words could have been taken directly
from a rifle-monologue, instructor's save for
the word "japonica" at the end.
36. They contain mechanically produced
regulation army phrases that are printed like:
Naming of Parts, Daily Cleaning, What to do
After Firing, and in the last line, the
regulation language is yoked by coordination
to the descriptive language, which is where
the irony reaches its peak concentration.
They also have a naively repetitive syntax of
an inept style of lecturing.
38. Deviation of Historical
Period
• Even extinct languages like Latin and
Greek may be considered a poet's
linguistic legacy. The usage of a word
with Latin roots in a sense derived from
literal Latin was one example of the
historical license practiced throughout the
neoclassical era that followed the
Renaissance.
39. Example
Milton's use of Inspiring (breathing in),
induce (lead in), which serpent error
wand'ring' (crawling, creeping)
40. • The language of Coleridge's The Ancient
Mariner uses typical archaisms that were
common in the poetry of the time, but
there is also some deliberate revival of
archaic terminology and historical
coloring. It asserts that time moves in
cycles and that the present and past are
ultimately merged into one.
