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Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala

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Robin Cruise Jr.

https://neculaifantanaru.com Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala

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l l'l't. l)l(.1 ,,') t] ,,,, r t I'IiltsS Irtltttt;Llttl t ttr iloltti / - l'roilralnul ollislrlltolrlrtiei irriortrr:rtionillr 1,. (;()(ttalonul(lt ttttti noLt lt ttotntn (.()t nil:n !. I )L tr rrti tttir i nt( lorLulo,ii(t '.). I'ttiotrsttl rr'()nsid(! atii,tt)t . il.l. lotliliitit'ra t,otrsliirrtli ntctotlologir.r lr stiinlci i|.2. llt.sa.1rrl rl)islcltolotiei sot.illc ii.:i. Ilillensiulti corrcc;rIurlc :r]c rrotltrrricirrii contputtri_ za Ic l). L ,,llatraliz:rr('il ' riritr :rlrst nllr tlt' specifir.itate in conrtr_ rr it'are l).)- llelalirr srici:tlizaLr:-nrorrrlializare irr ltro<.cst,lc (.{)nlu- nicirIiortrtlt' ;'i.ti. (lolliunif ilrerl pcril)ce ti i prariologicir 1i.7. Opt iunc infor.ntrrt icr'r si p:rr.tit.iplrrr irrlorrrrlrt ionrrlar :i.li. IIodel, titrrp rcal, t orrrtrrricarc corrr jr irlr'l Crtr iloLLLl I I I.itaprle prot:esrrlrri llrr-p:tr':r{li(tlll;rlic llclrtIi t i tt I or,na !is-i rt I o :rtttr I i 1i firlrtsltittl,t irtlltrrt rtli, i ,liittltt ittlor tuttlir i l. l. StrLrrlura obiectir tlor i.l. I.r'rr:rliu lrrrrrlanrt'rrtrrlri iJ.ll. loclelul (l.l.S it. l. O tlisciplinli t'rri1ririci.., l1.ir. l'crspectiva rlctodolo3icir '1. lttlersrclit.t (u n;od(lul lututlillntulit ttl ltl 'l'ltomas ,lirr/ur it. {)onttoucrsr, (u ([ islt nlolotin lui Iiurl papl;er 2-t '); t') :i-1 :i 1l 12 1S ;l J; . rli ri2 ft{ i $8 lri, $r2 ;)
CtLti{dul IIt - {l lrrrrir ilrplltulitittp eoglrritir.il IttIotI)1tlir sr rottlt.t! (iilt ttrt.lir l. l. j)iltrtrrsirlri tonccltlrrlrlrl l.f. Slalrrtrrl trnri r.elrlii Itrrrt'!;on:rlr [.ii. ..rt:rrlilic:rlii lcoletir'c a]c rat.ictilii rrllecflitt tr tt! or rtiL,!i<r t o: tti!iurt 2. l. !tlerlritr tnorlclclor 2.2.'{'ipologia irrlorirurljr.i ('olli)itirl :-ll. lilJr)ri:rlrlir iJc :LrlirrCjIr|. irrfi;i trrliill tir, srrlrl.alrrl,li !ul.t stLitilt.yil,l lrti rt (.trrtrtrrslr t.i i slli:t!i lic. 2.1. Ilolul nnri expcrit,rr!e nretotlologiee 2.9.,,Str.uctulilc obiccl"', ale ccrcetiiii 2.:i.,,Slructurile subiect', ale invcstiga!ici {tri 1l ri 2. SI trr(lura otganonului 770 170 170 771 177 1 lt:; I !|6 1 fr9 il(ro 2r16 2rl6 217 212 2l lt 217 217 21tl I icla I ia i n l'.{,l.ltr:ii j i.'-cLiltris I irrl c l'.r-st.nrrrriiclti.r.lr r.otrcr.JrLrrlr:i tic sLrlritct i'; ar;slirrnttI r.lr ntr.Ilrii;I.icli e culroltr[crii j'inrr', ;' rr ir;jr,r l,rrlir'i irrl. r',ii,r.il,lirrrrr,. lic,'Lrl inlbr"nr:rlici iir lrlorcselr tlecizionlrit liol nr.. :rl': l)lor-rsirfii irrlorlntrlici .rlei,lrlc {lrlrlilril ;i (, 11:it1'1t [ llr,':r1irr i:r!eli11r.ni:r nitlitrltl:i !nlrlirll,:rl:r lrr.tiiir,ialii tr.l. !lilloat lr intcr'll.ctii: ilct 1.!. Jrrdecirlairilitultrr .[-jj. -rlaut]rct)1ul It,olt';rrt'i lLri (iddtl 1.4. Iutclir{t'rrtlt lrllifii i,illi , o contrrrtliclie rir ttr.rrrrrri. . i.;. Si iirljrli r' :i i; tt ;'1r,.tl ir l.ri. llrlrligcrrla rtrl iiirirlir {.it liituilint itrlclrr- i Lral i 2 ltt ii,t,,!i', i 1 1;17 , [1stl rtlr slqltlttltti l"tIrlit Sr'rrsrrl rlrllriirilrrl !,t' Irtni i ic:t{ ilt i rr I errlirr.i liii rlilit i( i i {lt|i'c1 ili i f ri lr {lii l, ;rn lilli. si lrlri i ca Ii t, :tii rrlt in!,.1i:)t nl, i {tilili(iGlt , i7tl, y5t2lii rni.trtrlr;!rlit.e Jlir izl t;iri t)l {rl,i irtrtirli!0 {,onliqtrllr I ii sii rrr.trl alt 6it,, iya!ui i' -- t rr rn(!dpl .ll I'i.i'rnslrrrclit,i inr{orJo!$llict" !ttl, lijt'ultt :t; lii:rtrit -- ()t-1i.tintr Lti ttoIi Innti lnl"i tlLta[ ,rttrr..ri'..lrl t, ir{ot ir'r si vi;:i Lrrri: colt I ('1ll)i)t'iilt i-i Fturrliir ouri:,iiti: tlrscopclir.t':r ilt loi l.rsnl.sc co{- 2..{. Sislerrrul conceptclor 2.ir. !n;111e. principiilor 'J'utt'iu itrtplrtrtt'ttliirii tratlniitdlii i). Pt incipii lolict ale tlilttlinii rn(,ladolaticr "l'(.)rir, m(l0dtt, pt utlrum ti. $liirrlrt (oqnilitniltri fi.1. () aliarr!it rlc rliseiplinc ti.ll. Iliolouiir t.lr.lrrilir rrlrri t,i. iJ. I'silrolo3ia r.orllriIici 7. Anali:t trilirit rt ltrr.lornratrltkrr {)rrpilalul I.:I - Itr}rezent;tr,,:l irrforntaliei (i st entro:tslot,ii 1, Cottcel !ttl inlrttsitrtttl rle rrltrr:t,ttltt(, . . . 1r; Ir); I 1,S i 1(1 I i:l 1 1:i I lri 11E 12'l 111 12) 1:1 1! I 12{i 1 1tr I t; 1t7 1 .;iJ 1r1 l::2 1;l 1J{r 1 rtit 1 ritl 1 {i{i 1il7 1. ,) ljttrlttt ccrtt lti t ilor ! trtttktmtrtlrtlt, , i'Ir:latlr: !ttttrtrl t tfu re prr:rtt !ilt t. tt {:u}tolsl t,r i i, ()p, rttlietxtli lrt!t f i l(:ltnicit(l( 4. l)escltitltrt:tr !tortliurnt(lot!oltxlieri u pr.t(td"t,lor syx,t:itIr 5. Cttnouslota lutilri 221 1Z,t '224 V. ltrit-t(il,)iLrI lrausf'ttrtr.it ii (,tros(,ololite (.i.li.llsr,'.rsi y roblent{t t utlt'trltti i. lle 1;rt:r ttlrtt t.l (uti.jilslt..r'ii $(.eloilt'( cal)ilolrtl 1-1,r -- lllorlrlaro:r .letir'ilirlii e$gnitirrr l. liluln r, ll, tit't'r, ttttlolo.,it.ti tt t1(tdt litrii 2. Ilrobletpt f ilosrtl'ice 2.1. Prilcipirrl rx{iulrii ci}rcrnr.tice 2.2. llela!ia Icgc-merrlcl 3. Pcu'<ttlut ttt,lr rltutl, litt ii 1. l-rttsdluri sltt'ciIiu: ult' n:o(Iiirii 4.1. Interjocul .),) -. ').) a 234 2:t.l i., n 2:]u 243 247 2.i1 :JJ 2:r4 ! 2.1 . :.l. ;,.1. t].i l l irrl i Yc 4.2. Iteplit:i tchrriec ule irrtcrjoctrhri
5. lIetorle de nlodcldrc Nlodelarea proceselor cognitive Modelarea computeriali a Iimbajului lletodele scalirii multidirnensionale Problema familiilor de structurtr Modelul homomorfisrnului informaiional Paradigma transformirii informalionale Modele ;tiinfifice ale obiectelor cognilici Modelul relelelor informafionale strucLural-orga- nice 5.9. Iodelul sistenrelor cle al)stracte bazatrr pe conl_ puter INTRODUCERD Irrcr'&r€a lntr ctducer e i n ep islem olog i a i nf antt ali onald, se irrscrie in seria tlemersurilor contemporanc specifice, care l)r'opun o viziune unitard, asupra noilor dimensiuni ale obiectivizd,rii eunoa,sterii in acte cognitive influenlate dit l)l'ezenta si rnanifestarea inteligenl,ei artificiale. Problema centrald, a epistemologiei, explicarea genezei sl't'ucturilor cognitive ale subiectului prin interacliiinea. obiect-subiect, necesiti, reformuldri de principiu datorit5, unor modific[,r'i esenliale. Relalia cognitiv5, este influ- enlatd, de rneclierea lealizati, de computer .-- ceea ce cle- terminX, ca obiectivitatea cuno$tinlei sd, devinl, partial, rezultatul unor momente ale ,,itlealizd,rii", cale a,u loc in dinamica raporturilor cognitive. Plocesul de esentiai lizare pd,rd,seqte treptat ,,dezbaterea cu tradilii", ,,schema r:[e secole" a analizelor intr-un tliscurs autoreflexiv. P5,- 1r'unde in conqtiinla receptirii spiritul de sintezS, ^ esenlelof c|mplenxentare. Extintlerea cercetirlii in viltutea puterii tle seductie a per.spectivei nu se t'educe, insd,, la o simpld, referin!,ft la irnediat, printr-o interpretare a,Iegoric[,. Se impune o suplele a actului criticr care trebuie si, introrluc5, noi tnorlalitS,.ti de viziune ''si interpretare. Inteligenla artificiald, are capacitatea de a se integra unor forme deschise de dialog irattiind intregul uRor expe- rienle sui-generis de naturd, cognitivi. Analiza caract$' rului modelator al gindirii ca putere de a reprezenta si reflecta un total de unic5, structur'.;, acc.eptd, in cadrul disculsivitd,,tii sale metodice, pa,r,alela-pa adox a receptl,rii concentrate, care clezvoltii, nu scopuli , ,.,autoritalsltr, ei. o succesiune de analogii cu valoare ,de sintezd,.. .. Hpistemologia i.nteligen,tei artificiale iqi';propune desci- frarea unor contururi prestigioase;'valorizatioare., in cob- 5.1. 5.2. 5..1. 5.5. 5.6. 5.7. 5.8. zJlf 257 258 259 260 260 261 262 263 268 269 ! I f 271 275 290 6. Tetrrciul untan al mod"cldrii itt loc d.e inaheiere Bibl iograf ie Sunrrncry Contenls 293 ig,,
l!:ljjk,. s1x.r'it'ir.it:iIii rli'r,r..sr.hrr, rlt,rrr.r.sur.i .bgrrilir.t, si asi_rrr?l.r rrprslr.rrr,klgir.t .:r. r. pel.ir.rr{t.krr..rrrrrll ijrl. rrk, *iiiril*iirr r'arlt'rrl rrrrrri lllirr.lrl.isrrr rjpislerri,,k,grr.. srrrgrrr.rrl irr s1 111.1 ;iir se :i,{''l'(rc rlir.ersilitii st,ilr.ikrr. si rlirrrt,'siu'ilr. iirr-rroar.{terii ;tiinlifi<:e (1 , p. l .l ). I)rngresele ttrltrr.l.girt'rtu r'r'ea1 .,itttrinet,irt crtttrtr.rstrri,i,t r'u. (lor't'rritr tle r.rrrr,trl,ar,t. t:' r-asr.e ,,ti"url.e rte aptit,,rtiliii.ritt i+r'iilt. *.c'i'r,rr'i. Lnprit.trr iile ut.t,stei'.",,iir,,irli'^iiji'iri,ii.- ;i lelrrurlogir,t. arr dt,ilr.rniirai :rpar.itra rrnor. noi uslrccte t*'1111:i1,1v-11ret.rl.l'gir.t. ilrc ,s1'er.t'i-r,'errilir rrhri. i,i,;,,,iri"rilulea.sptx'ialislilrr sc iirrrrrur.az:.r irltit'rr rrrrui prrrt:e.,;;;ii;i,, tle.pirtrrrnttcrr: irrlr'-. ,,t.ir.iliz:r,(it. a crrrr'^sl.rlii. a ,.,,,.ni,._ l:"rrii si rr t''r'''ir'i*ii.r,'rul*;te'ii, irr t.*r,e irrf,r.r;i;- ,:;ju<:n rrrr rrrl rk. nlilt,trrie pr.inil.i lllirrrorrlialii . f z" ii.'^ir:liLiteral u'a tkr .efle'i r r l ltr :r, nali ica zi, ir r ..,r,,*""ini,i. ^,1", 1- Itlcnrele rlirr.sler.:r ,,irrrlrrstl,it,i (.11t()itsl(:l.ii *i ,.,,,,"riliii.fl,,,;; s{r'uclrrlirle irr rlerirtirr surr lirr.rrra rrrrlr. rlirittil ,t"',,e,.leiarJ r'nre sludiazi currrrAst.u'eir irrt.r.-un t,trblou r,oinpltx :rl inter_ ser:liikrt rlirrLursirrrriklr. slr.k.. ('otlif i<.artl r,rrrrruster.ii. r)1.._ t'(r$At'(rft, r.otttttttir.lu.t.il ,,,lttigt,tu.ea",,.lrattslilrntate*.....i,,r,,_ $rt{naroirt',,,,lltt tt:tliza'trit",,.tl.2l.nsferul'. *.u. .,nr-,"ti'tiii;" ;, irnagirrr, rk, arrsrr'rlrlrr a rrrrui rlina'risrrr al <.ogrriliei, ll.o-priu clapei istorir.e it gr,unilei rlintre rnilenii.- -:-'-' 1-^' (bntextul t.rlretir'rracti'^al c'eat t'r'iden{iazi a(rcen- t'uarrra legirturii rli.t.tr i'io'.ra{ie si t.u'oa;ter,ea unranii. I)ezvoltalt,a..irrttdigtrl{ci nrt,ifit,iale'a 4tt,tli.iiii,:io'i'il;;;iii; utror anillogii ul,il i z:r1 c i n ir nali za prr rt,cselor. i n ti,tr r rat'lonriie rlin sfera u*rarrulrri. s{;r'rrt.1r,.ik' irrfr'.'ration*t..,.r"." il"- lr.rezinti fiirrta urrrnnir ;i rrrxliul siiu rlrrrbiarrt, ..u,r"*ii t iio usi astri'.r,{ iilc inlir''lr{i.'ale rr.r'*sp.rrzit'ar.e, ptrr,:".i*ii. <lc re'iznirs ;i r*.itlrrartr iI ir,t,esl,rrr.zr itrr t:<lnl,ut.itt ult nou tnedirr l)^ul)lic nrrrrrlnl, ircela al rraustt.utttrt'tt"r ii,.7or:tri-i lionrle. in acoastli.,,:rgor.a info,'a{i'lr..ill-r'., at,:rtui.i rie Iirrrba. natulali., r'alculaior.ul rrex'inr. ' u'ealtii r,t rnt nita- t;ionaLi ca,re parlicipi ln prot,esele prirr <.*re fiinl:a ,rriioiiii t'ransforrrui a,til, r'ealitatea t.it 1i . se'ie a" aiu,e"*iii"i ale llropriului sdu tru. tornatica utnall-c(,g'it,ir"it se amplifi.ii, i;i acce'tueazi, r:*r'at{eml problernatizanl, rleverriml obidttivul dernen*ir_ r:ilor cale isi propun sir rrescifreze lrrrs:itur.il" prnpr:iii""i"-i irrf.r'rnat.ice rlc gi'rlirtr in1,*r'pr,etat2-r ca (, gtnifiri tiri;;,,-l;- rotma{,ronalit, carc rnflectfi, rnuta,liile profuntle existente la. ni vtrlul l,eh rrol.gioi, consileiate, h rinrlul rX,o,,r,.,ii*1,_ nuza{.nr al ginrlilii untiut(r (il, 1r. $). r0 Srrlrit'r'trrl rrnran st' aflii, r'u }r'et.irlere ilr lllt'zcrr1. rir t lt r l t'tt l Irt'eot'rt l-rirriklt' gJollale car.e 1'at. 6biecrtll ct r,t,et6rijl,'. rlirr rlrrrr.rrirrl .unoastt'r'ii. logicii si isloliei. Ilrocescle r,og_ rrlir c st' irrrlnrrr :l fi irrler1l,et.a1t, trir ri a,ctivita,le sociajr-r, lrrirr trr,t,lctrlir I r,rrnoasler.t'it r.espirrge itr tr.t,r,s1, rrrrld inlrj_ l.g.r'r';1 sll. sull folnril unti rtarittili ir.r sirre, irulr,lrcnrlcrrte tl. .r, -si rle ruitnileslaleir ace*t,nit 1.rl.t'i,ico-1rractii,ii, ( 't'r'r't'1 a.eu 1r'ri'e1 ir'i <r'e1rt f,r'rrrri rre u.t errl i<.ital e a, rlis.u.r'srrlui^ l)urle irr r,akxrr.e t,ons1 iin1.a pr.olu,iei irierrli1l'r1i :r sliirl r'i irr c,r't'la1it' t.u rlirraniitrt,rll erlil*lcrii i'urrt.1 i.i '.:rlc sot'ilrlr'. Irrlirr'rrrttlizrtlt'tr :t r.r,r'at .,x1,r't.itrl islttl i tt i t,,t1i- ttr t'irt ctt )rrtn s/a ii" iar', lrlin lepli<.ir 1e.ii,t,1i,',,-rrrelrlrl,rlogiil,r, ttt rtrrilt'r'slrl rrrr'1 a1erlle1 ic se nfilrnir iriu.li<,ipalt,a ,,s1ri,.i,,- I i slu lu i rlti slemrtlorl'. N ccesit trl eir r-aku'izi"rlii inter,subier.l ir,it ir l ii crirr'ast e'ii stiirrtifice }r'irr lirportale ia lrol.nl(, nciorlolhgit.t, uniilrlt," . rr calat'1 t'r' rlc rrrrilels:'rlitatt, irt siltra.l iir pr.o{r.arrr rrlui rrrrci lr'iuri->l!u(.lrrri irrlor'rrrirtiorralr,,, 1,,.,,,l,,r,,.i,,r,'i.,,griitii",t,,_ tclrrrinir o rrllolrl:rre t'olnputo'iaii :r t:urroa;tt,r,ii rrrlrillr(,. .r't'stt' nr'rrrenlr' aie ler,on;iider,ir,jlu' frir,nrnleazii irn}t,r.l,r- Iivrrl rrtrei irnagirri 1otalizatoale (.ar.(r sii rleDd,$east.i rrr.irfilul 1l'e-r'ornpulelial ill inlt'r1l'etirr,ij r.nnoastelii. ln t,1rrIir irrfrrl r'atirirra.lir, t'orrrpnlelialir,_epistenr.logia ofer,ii o perispeclir.li irrltrg.atorr'e .i:l.sul)r'n lrrublenraticii u*arr-,,oenii..,. Iiri*,1€nta uno. sisterne irrlt'lectnale., (,a'e coexiilri irr rlir.'r,r.se rlornerrii ale ;1iiu1.t'i si terhnologiei funrlrrnrenleazi-r urr rrir.t,l lt'flexir- rl r''rrsl iirilci filosofico-metorkilogice a ci,,,,,a;t "rii.ljinl ifice,t', rr r1r:r r rlt n'a-ne, pr ilinif ,ruuri .r r,;iate r.or rl t,x t r r ir lii 1rr cll nplll (,lll r(}215{ 91.11 l'rrxlut,livitirtt'a t,ogtriiir.ir ptin,,t,olabot,at.r,.! _' ]r'rrii iltrtr.nie irrlt'lecltrlrli .srri-gc,r€l'is irr I-lrilr.r.s - lnr (,st(, (l(, rraluri, a, fi r',nsirlt'r'a1x rrici subier.l,rrl unui prrrces jurlit,iar., tlar nici ' ,,iobirgic irrl'''rrralio'alii)' ir iur'ii dtr r,i'rtrstt,r,ti si irrielegc'e u*^.ii. t:'ilatiia p'o.esc,lur, c.ogrriti't, ieri,ili' unit:rletr rrrr*rrrrlni ca totariial,e existentlitx ol,rot,Jii" in rrrritirtca lurrrii.. ,)i.ortu .a,Iian!d,r, in:.trpoltur,ile rognilir:rl rsr rntt,rneiazir .r.iter.iile in cadml r.elal.iei lirirne "sau in afara acresteia ? Ilfo.tul lab''ios ar argurnentr,r'ii p'incipiurui crrairr- 'iilii orn-.onrpuler lepetri ipostaza criz,ci stiiirloi oe a ti-r:,1,, in instan!a r.econsjder[,riltir rnaiole liurnai itatutul siirr. social, absente {iind acele elernenle rlc necesitate inte_ rioari, - rnecanisrnele ca atale, profunzimile proceselrir 1,tr
de cerceta.e sii crealie ? intr'-r inter.ogare fle.ribiltio o,,"*i"* din rr.rnir sint difieultir i tlc dest,ifrar.e a notel,r. r alori- zante care rnentin orcri'ea c'itic[, in c'ntextul anarizei dilecliilor cle erlolutie ale domeniului. Pericolul sau privilegiul ginrtirii asistate de cralculator. c()nsernueazH, existen{a .rrnei .r.r/o/ii de ronrple,nentariiii, un cadru structurant,, sintezi, de genul ,,,iertium, d,attttl,, intre subiectul uman si subiectul''forrnai, o reluare"rle J'ru.lo i.n plan istoric a siluatiei p'ezente in -i"ia --"t,i_ teoreticului - li anulne, de clepX,sire a sper.antei unei teorii unificatoare prin.aparitia cre roi co'sir.uctii $i i""-'bleme, care excetl teoriei respectit-e. Ild,sura actualiti,fii. t,,'n.nitrilii ltiint,ifice cu propri'l lltuq'es tehnieo-;liintifit, p.ir irrrl t,xplorar.ea genez(,i *i, u,._ tu'ii or'-calculator exp'iml necesitatea rnerifi'e.ii strur,- turilor .menbale proprii subiertului, a cleptisir:;i rotutui tie ipostnzr a, tenrei forrnelol tle altizanar.e a' modalitiitilclr. rle reconstruir,e intelectuali a realitritii. i -..- Sensui relel'ii'ii, in o.dinea cu'.astei.ii, a lirniteror. r::rli- lative ale rnintii nrna,ne - ternii oe suntihiate analiticir, -nu de{ine, la nivelul constiin{ei de sine a gi^tlirii, rigoa.ea unei dirsjunc-tii erclu-si1:e; se l-erific:i o ti[situr:i a'eticii ;tiini,e.i : asumar.ea.,r,esptinsa.bilititii act.lui i"i "*iiguii-:fat:i tle dimensiunile semnificatiiior proiectate. - i '- _In. expresie sistematic[. luclar.ea In,trocltu,ere tn episte- m riog i a inl ortnaliott al.iv ctntrirte interprt tarea unol,,*pu,,tn ale st'ucturii rne.anismelor .ognitiie, e'iden-tiind, fntr-o atitridine r,eflerir--cr,itici,, unele, semnificalii d,te pta"stici_ lirlii.informatiei in vzr.iantele sale tehnorbgizatei sernni- ficafii- obiectivate in {o.ta rnetodorogicii 'explicauvr a tipurilor de discu's .si. in :rurpla sfer[ i:eferentiat5 "outi,deslrre o rea.litute oriqiuard, si nu riespr.e sirnple .o"iorrlii intelet.l uale. ln tentativa tle a identifica noi zorre tle semnifica{ie, i* p'oces*l^complex de autotreterminare a gindirii, "pi.I*,Ir'rrlogia informalionalir contureazx, un model n,oitit'a*to- 'ial . al revolufiei tehnico-rytiinlifice prin interpretarla epistemologicd, atit a stiinlei'clasice, citlsi a fundafrentel'rl teoretice ale sistemelor informati'nale, :l fapt*lui stii'- tific, in completitutiinea valentelor saie. statutul prog'ramatic .al epistemorogiei inforrnationalo st' aflfl in st.insi .orelalie cri procesui'istori. at tiezvot- t[rii..;tiin!ei ;i ca un proces ii.e ,,nraturizare epi.stemo_ logic.i," a qtiinlei (rl, p. 82), care at.,'ir, struct'ra sa^actualft 13 r:rrrrur'l .rrrrr sint st,iinla ilfolnratiei sau ;tiinla compu- tr,r r,i.r'. lrl. r.:irtlr irnpli.a{ii metodologice *e 1lrir1,un nn._ Irzr.lrrr si ilrterpreliilii arle<.r.ate. Irr{ r' . r'iziune istoric[,-prin int'oclncerea r,ol'l..ri pr,ac_ I r. i i s.r'i:rl-istorice si consiclerarea sistemului info.mational r':r.. lriu't{, e,sentialil, a cliviziunii sociale a muncii, discursul r'Pisl.rn'I'oic a,ro constiirrla gliLdului superior cle tehni- . ilrr lr' .nl pr.blema.ticii si al e-rprimzi'ii acestuia pi.irr l()nn('lingvistice. r'r,esitatea, fo'nruli''ii unei st,.uctur,i tlest,hise pr.ir.irrd r r r r l rl i r.,a{ ilr, <,ornputelelor. asupla gintlilii stiinlifice si meto_ rl.lrgit,r' l'stt' p.t'ze.1l"r iiL sf.r':r. r.i.r,t,r,ti'ii rlin tar,a noastt.ii ..rrlr rlrrlrltr irsllt,t.l. .l't'_rle o ltalte, se t,Lrcunoirstu liL nir,'cl pr.inrripial cri o ',r'r'i. rle <,onslatirrii r-elitlice lefs'ittlare la'relafiia ci;nit" <'.rrrputt'rt' ;i ;tiinla actualii ,,n-at1 fost ltlelungite intr-. rrnrr.lizi tletaliatii a, nrorlului in car,e noua tehnicI de calcul i'lr'r'ir(,tioneazir" cn stiiuta la rrir.elul rnai ltrofund, <r in_ r i;rilrilr, :rI ginrlilii stiintiliit,r', ai corrcepte,k;i si rnetodelor tirlr corifigut,e:rzri la un rrroment tlat ,lstilul'. sau ,,llala_ riig'nr:l cunoaster.ii" (5, p. 2gg). Ilinti.un alt punct, de 't'(lele, op{iurrea perrt'u o viziune concoldantd, cu r,eaii- tittcrr sl iintificir, ;i tehnicli a epocii pr,opune, in cadrul rlircrliilu' rlin filosrifia st,iin{ei, o ,,episteinolog.ie a ciber. rrt't ir'ii", rill'e ,,poirte cupr.inde intet.esante -analize ale ru.nrilogiei tlintre crea(i:r. nlnanr'r si inteligenla ar,tificialir,, ({i, p. l)i1. t:na dirr r-ariantele t'rplic:ltir.'e t:u car.actel cle sintezir itrt.rl;3'ctatilir euunfi. Ieza nnei,prttert!&ri metotlologite (5. p.,li00 i 7r p. 52) a cunoaster.ii sfiinlifice a,ctualer gene_ t':rte rle participalea cornputer,elot, in actele tle r:elcetale ;liintillt,ir. (loortlonatele referentiale ale derner.sului ana- lizat e-rprirnii i'rpiicit o tleli'rita.e a 'olului ",rrnpot"r:uiiiila sfert celceti,r,ii stiin{ifice - perirnetru leal, dar nu sitrgul:u' al irrter,r'en{iei cornputerului. IJar.tener"in ploce- selt,..rtt cercetare, calculator.ul este implicat la rii.i,elul r-ietii sot:iale in genelal, prin roordonai.ea in ansarnblu lr, sferei produrrtive I el este o unealti infclrmationald, care ltrotleleazil fiinta urnanii in actele sale tle transformare ct'ealoale a realitir,tii. Prin aceasta, calculatorul nrar- t'heazii nu numai o asisten{ii in procesele de cer.cetare, ci si o_rnr;rrlY atitull,'ine metodologicti ln relatia tle curroastere. Potenlarea metodolollicri nu identificri, in viziunea ci- t:ttir., ..o rnetotlii specialil, r<pur.[ u (dupi, curu. de altfel,
tii(.i irl fokrsire:i lt)al.erllrii(,ii irr l.izit,:l t.la.sirri_-r llll ,ir.?€,alrlrle-a fat.e (.u o ,1,..i€l.lellen rnel ()dl-t sel)ir1.a1ii), ci (i ltl,,(u,ir.e:r r'rterii' eficacitrilii ^si pret.iziei tl.rrirarle rnekrrlt,,],inl,r_.erkre irrt'el,ri'1a1c iir i,u'r,o;r"r" lrili;'',,;;;;;:",, i,,,1"*,.,alelul la cakrrlat,ror."" i,l, ir.',tiitii.Lrtr.r,ateit rlt. .l ltll-r irtlt,rrt'i,ttrr,lzlr s:-r iu,gltllt(,ttl, z^ rr.it. ir^ouir episteruologje tle!,irre nir sinipie tlilrleri(,e dti e.x:L{i ins,onrpar,atie cu .tapa p.e_inlor.rrra1i,nau,-,.i',ii_t".t'fr_*,t, tle ordinul esentci-. lieflecl;a 1,irirt,,,r,ofngir,ii rxt. rova,_1.oare-p.irr atit'iiine:L r)e (,are este soiir.itat[ sr, o interne_ l:.1" lly (.a o.r.rrl.)u.r,tAr.(, lir u sl.ii'1ii "irrgul*r,ir ir"-l;;;';;I,(t('.slrrrre. si rrit'i ('a . r'*r'rrri rro irrligr.lrr.r, inl*. *"r.firo,.-ti'ri islr.ir.ii ir r..'t.t,1r1iil,,r. 1,r,,,2."i;,:,."'i;;;'-,i,i,",Trlf"',,filosoliei stiint.i a'e c'a'biei,tir. . iii".,i-.r",]i"i?tltt.'' iilrllrtiLti r'rrrrollsrclji. sc rlr,sJ'rjs,r,,,r, ur irr,r,sL scns- demer.-su'i'errtru tiest,il'ra'eir rrrt carrisrrrt,l;;1;;;;fi;;]' ffi;;"i' r'ccte.ca erur'irrr'ii *"rr.triri.*1i]iur]-s"',"""re are varorii:rclelor. r.oguilir t, rlr, (,()_Ilirr.li, inn",*.. J',lrr('asrurlea rrilrt.r'.nir::'i t.onsf irrrrir ir str.rr<.1 rrrii de eer_r'r'larr,rlrn-conn)ulr,r,rr,1.ine prtri .i"f.rii r.r,ilcriilr.. Tx:rnci_ lriile t.urroasl.r,ii rrrrran(,(.irr(,,,rru.,ia1"'f"sli.r",:ifrj;r';'r; 'ului. s,, r,,i. tr.ansi'orn,a in -ni.,r;;';l;',,;iil;; ;"ffi#""arlelor. irrtelect,ir-t, in sccieta,tl r* - i"lor.oralionalli. rnsuficicnta ereruentelor teorot,izi,rii epistemniogioi in*f*rrrationart: nrr rr.bui. *- d"i;t;;i;;l n 'ecorrstrut:lie idea-Jjzatrlii. rrt'l.rr.olrrnlri. o inrij,',ir,l",.',i''"l,t,1rtiir.ik,pe a.oor_rl.rnlrlt. oplir'is1r,. ItealisrrrrrI i,,,,,Iir.,i,,,. 'r,r iilrerrle sugr-yeazd o rnz"rsu.ii i' t.o'f'untr,r,.,o i pi*t*,r,r,rtugi"i, .,'A._?l_late a rezer.r-tlor. asunrate, c riistinr,iie iu ;;;;"i;;;**;;si al clalil:itii. '' .Ilpistetnolo.gia inf.r.nrationa*i t:trl rltrtine'urnai,i,np'tenliu o nouir 'retotlorogiu, uu orl"-l'r.ta r.e-st^rotuririipri'cipiilor, ex i,s1,ente, a "ri,aieritu,. " i " rir; i L ;;' ilffi;lir'ezultate calitativ deosrrbitc Ac,1.,t"- uirti'.ie-a";;;;ffi;;ci,tl'e licca'e nlcrll b*r al rrlalici Ai,'.*,.,.,,rar,(, orn_(,o.trnputel." it.torrorogia irt re st,rcsirirrrt,:ir; iirii,'=.ii;;iiir;i;'$i;;ii#""i_m[rile ce au loc la nivelul ,gr"ffi^oi" r,ettcciai-e-,";*_ ];_troduee pe traseut silu intetig"oiu'*tifi"iri;. i;it ;;_ l,lY:_:.::]i"?rn! cif. ;.i rezultaiere'ob{inute, clar mai aresirrtelegerea co-participlrii, evaluarea "".rqit"lor._;;*";;rie'qehiderea .pt:e o pi'oblematifri--*'o*s.ifrr,rii unui ne-cunoscutr rale nu este proclus in Or,dinea naturalr, a lu_t'rurilor, a existentei, ci deoin, -o -*t*X proUf.*^Ur*ti,clin sinteza umanuiui',,o p"opr.iii; -;1" crea,fii. 74 l,)rr,isl,rrrrrrlkleiu, inteligrrr{ei lr.1ificialc a1inge llnrfnrrzirrri rl. trrr rrll rrivtrl rrl tleplinil.iil.ii urrrarrt', trr.r,c111 l1t' lrirrir irr pt'ozr r,l, r'it 1i['ttri tle 0lliet,livatt it }t.sttt,seltlt. ttrrrant,, rle rrrl,r'r',,,{rl,lit ilatt' irr fttl:t r,rr.ir1 iei. _. 1'l1ri.tr'1111;11;9ii1 irrforrrrirliorralir ltu rs1t, l)r,ol)usr-l rlc rlliirrt,;, r'ir ttale . r,i tlo ,,r,rlr trtr.ilrtterr" rl ittlt'r stiittlri s.i ttlt- ilttl ,vSi", rlt sliinlir (,ir g(,tt(.1 :ltor.al vlrlor.ilor. lelrrrit,ii si rlt. l.luLi,";i, irr t'alitutt' rle slirnuhror si lrerrefir,ilrr. irl sliiilci. 'l'irur;r,r,il siiu istolit. estt, r'iitrlrrrl, lirrritt,lt, rrelrirlg'iniie; r:ontl,r:,i',rilicti:r fnrrrlirrrrenllli intlt rrrerrlirl si rrt'rrrcntirl esltr r.x;urirrtrtit itr ncrlrr!iu diuledicti u rriului trtqttlt,t t al nr- ntu'n,t,a,l,qt,tu i. irr;spentlalt a rrrt torlologir,ir lr t.ar.at,ter.rrlui trrerrt:rl 1-ltr Iralc"irI t'ognitiv sr rpul.izt'azir prin atrorrlAlea. statul.uliri rlt: 6*i,l"ttner urrei s1 r.ut,luri rurr.rrno-inl'or.nral.iorralc ;i ac- copt,r, r:eir lt'zul1 a1 r'lr x, t:ogr r il iei,,tlt' sir rtt'zi'r ". Itirsenfa sulrurrerii lor. unor. ,,f iltr.e subit rrlir-e", irr- l,e[e.r,l,lr--urnzlne, t'e]tulltarea lir ll.ejurltr.:t1:r ntelorlologjr.ir :r, lrun"rfirir,r'ii cognitivt', a urrui litdlturo-is irr orrlirrtn gir,r*er,- logicti; a I'alorizi'ilii, sugt:r't':lzi-r () tl.ecel.t' <lirrrolo tle ,,l,lrr- llic,onreI rnetorlukrgic" al arrgaiir.ii subiet.tului epislemic. Cllia,r'r,{acii nu poserli iu itrtleginrc r.luritale:r si rlislinr:{,ia sebului de plincillii, tle t:r.itt'r,ii si t-rr.krr,i tle rorrcelllua,li- z,5,ri i t' pisternologit.t', r'e1'ltrc l ia r rreta t t'ot.et it'ri t,s1 t' gt,ircln t ii tle n[,.r"ringellt:r l'e(:orrsirlt.r.irr.ilor,, u r.a]olizirrii inttgr.atoaro a serven{.ei tlirr:rnrict', t.u I'irralilttc r.ogrritir.ii, orrr-t'alt,u- labor. $ti,irarla rrrnr:intasrii rle t pisterrrolugit', r.et,t'1lt ivir, lu ace.te. ,,r'eolitmt.riri str.ategit:e" :rle tlorrrt':niirlui :rlalizzr.l . r;u av'arr{itI lir nivel rlt plirrcipiu rrtt,esilalea te,t.ttizirlii trr- luIui t'unrllrtelt'kl' (.al.e,,au irrfhrt'n(a,t stiirrla corrlerrqxr- rar$, rri. la urr trivtl nrai lrrolund, acela :rl <<stilului de giutiIre l, al sh'ur,l ulii ei rnelorkrlogirt', obligirrr[ 1t'or.i:r, qtiinf,r:i. rnetoclologia 6i eltisterrrologia. ta r.es1r.uc1ur.ir,r,i coresglunzfltoare" (ir, 1r. it02) ;i a trcxtstr.uit tleurer,srrli edi- ficatl,u,r,e prilind episternologia nraternaticii si fizicii (lr, J). N l'v-elul de reflexivitate ac:r,entuatii, t,xprimalir lrrirr con,ghtinla de sirre, prrrgraruzlt icir, specificli intrerciriloi, rle rnet;:l -n-"pistemologie d iu lxrlsper,t iv:l lrt,tualir ilustr,trazii ca- raoberul ei desrhis cirtr.e exper,ien{a social-istor.icir. .l)i- rec$iitc sale t.enratice der.ivil rlirr rapm,tl"rr,ile necesarr la noutr, frrrmi a prac.t.i<:ii 6tiin{ifir,e, inl,are obiectir-ele cog- niti.ve *p.*rfin rela{iei,ltiinf5-tehnologie. t5
Cornplementaritatea in sfer,a aotelor intelectuale intr.e qtiin{a teoreticd,, Etiinla apticatd, gi disciplinele tehnolo_ gice - rnarile teme de cercetale cu caracter tle sintezir interdisciplinard - creeazii o structuri, metodologicir uni- tard,^_a cercetd,_rij Etiinlifice, tn p allern metodologic tl j st i n c. t. Claracterul impersonal al crea{iei tehnice, irroninratul ca rrrentalitate doniinanti pt':te secolc (9, l.). I06. l0;) sint teme ale celcetrjrilor. de antlopologie ;i- istoria teh- nologiei, care au evirlentiat lipsa de armonie a rrekrl tlouri cu-tt_ut.i. Detarszlp2 teoteticil a anticilor fati, cle tehrrolcgie celebril, in istoria, (ireciei,.ntit,acol :rl er.olu{,iei sot.iale, ;,obiect al anaUzelor_ fi ,scrietilor, lenurnite, este tlepirsitii in epoca atrt.ualit. Modificalea rie opticti se concletlzeazir nu numai prin-acorclarea unui liinemer.itat plesligiu uni_ r-ersului tehnologiei, tlar si pr,in intlciducerea tiiltluirii leoletic, a sferei sale in ansambluo intro relatit, un.ilar:i cu qtiirr{a funtlamentald,, in pr,eocu}larea tle elncir,lttt.e a, rnecanisrnelor reflexire ale cercetiirii. I)iversitatea de concentr,iir i plobletnati zanle l'tr ie_ ra,r'hia dificultirtilor interne qi e_rtelne cu irnplica{ii lnai lareii, de genul ,,,maturiz[rii episl.enrcilogice a stijntej)' (10, p. i)2), contura,r'ea problernei episternologice prralel 9u g9a a qtiinfei (5, p. 10), ,,criticra epistemolbgir.rl a ;ti-inlei" (10, p. 11) - toate a,ce-qtea rlevin, indirect. posibile catLre leferentiale pentru t.onfrultalea cu tenratlca er- tinsi, a dialogului tensionat. Creatia, tehnicii, obiectir.at[ in ruirr,turii ale liet,ii so- ciale,_era ignorati, in tratatele unir,elsitarilor, ale rtrce- tr'1torilor clomeniului qtiin{ific, tlevenind sub a,spectul r.a- lorizd,rilor teoretice rloar ,,llotA ele subsol') a iea,lizirr,ilor. cir ilizatiei umane. .. .Prin inteligenfa artificial.i se inst,it,uie dreptul de par. ticipare la_programele de constructie stiin,tifi?X si r.eilec- tare {ilosofici, pentru aspeelele coneepluale ale lebnir.ii in tendin{a de generalizare, cle forrnulare a reflect,iilor. de principiu prir.ind dinamica actelol de cunoastere in con- textul raport[rilor multiple dintre ;tiin!d, qi tehnojogle. . Ca demers implicat in transformXrile de ordin cognilir, si ati.tudin?.I tt" epocii, epistemologia infornialionalf p[s- treazd, o distinc,tie fali de orientd,rile fundamentale in epistemologie : realismul qi relativismul derivate din co- relarea cu fenomenele definitorii ale qtiinlei contemporane. Orientarea. pe care o argument[,m'se iaporteazdi la,' di- recliile existente intr-uir dialog deschis,- in::ruil,sut'a in 16 .rrrrr ll,cestca sint reprezentative pentru dinamica teore- lico reflexivii, a qtiinlei; ea constituie un element al olrir'<,|ivelor acestei dinamici qi se continud, prin transfi- grrrirr'(' irr legile ryi principiiie tehnologiei. Sirrteza sui-generis pe care o conline epistemologia ,,irrlrrr-fetei",,,inter-jocului", r,interractivitd,tiitt, ,,inter-ac- lirrrrii" este o formi expresir':i a rnedierii, conceputd qi lr,rrlizatli, de subiectul cunoscd,tor in contextul colabord- rikrl sale cu calculator'ul. Acesta simbolizeazd, unitatea rckrr doud, niveluri ale restructurd,r'ii cunoaqterii prin r,xcrtitarea rolului de inter-rnediar. Oonqtiinla situS,rii calculatoru.lui la grani{,a intrc umi, clr, rnediator al actelor cognitive care au loc in procesul rr,rrlocunoaqterii qtiinlei contluce Ia ideea de ntdsurd a trrrcerilor succesive, a cuceririlor si a renun!5,rilor apalente :rle fiinlei umane Ia prerogativele subiectivittitii in cu- nr)aNtere si actiune. Epistemologia,,inter-fe!ei" interpreteazd, qtiinla tlrept tun sistem dinamic cornplex, un sistem informalional in <rontextul sublinierii fundamentului .stiintifico-informalio- nal in cercetarea cle tip teoretio sau aplicativ (11, p. 159, 317). Conceptul fundarnental de informalie comportind un accentuat caracter sintetic-interpretativ va crea o sfer[, conceptualS,, in care se vor afla, in relalii de inter. sectie leferenlialh,, categoriile d,e model, analogie, repre- zentare, interpretare, simu.,lare. Complementard, informaliei purt5,toare a unei integrd,t'i clominatoare se afld, o negalie cu caracter integrator -,,gindirea ne-mentald,", participant activ tn instanla pole- rnicii, a atitudinii reflexive, irnpreunX cu celelalte negalii integratoare, referentiale pentru Etiinla qi epistemologia contemporand,, analizate de Gaston Rachelard : geometrii ne-euclidiene, fizici ne-clasice, logici ne-aristotelice, algebre ne-comutative, epistemologie ne-carteziand, (a). Critica epistemologic5, a qtiinlei qi tehnologiei infor- matice (a nivelului sd,u teoretic) contureazra tn prolil me- todologic, in care inteligenla artificiald se defineqte gra- dual ca mod de cunoaqtere qi de intemeiere a criteriilor ralionalitd,lii acesteia. Definirea sistematicS, a caracterului ei normativ pentru sfera intelectivi cletermind, procesul amplu de ,,eoaluare" a cunoqtinlelor (cle naturd, uman5, sau produse mecanic),.de teconsiderare, in prezentul cer- cetdrii, a' semnifica{iei ,,structurii formale" a acestora. 2-c. 598 t7
liefk'r. 1 ia r,pisl t,r rrologicli lx.ollrrsli, rl irr ucrslrt.r, l i r.a i n l e_El':ltour'(' oft'r'ir:'i rre.irrrerir:c,,r,,',,,ri'ifi,,irr,i ir-'i"i_i._r,i 'ior,, r'a;xr.rii.ii .r.trrsi'r. rir r r i rt.r rr r' lr iii,i,,i l rrra tenritii :ri. r i),ii.o, 'i'.gi., ll.iirrte'.,, s,r.iir'.,t oi ;"'ll'i,;i lu (.o'l.r.ar.cir rrrrriirrr.ilel t'xplit'irtir- ,frrrrrrarrrt,rrr',,t ,*i',lii,,ua;ter,ii, rler.i'a1 rrirrrlinkrgrrl lerrsionat, "u -,r,injii,iti,o'*iiinm-tuhnolosio. r)r,c_zcrrtii irr s'e.ir sisrernrrlui i,i'rl,,ioriu,,,,i it;;,i;;iilrl +;i.,sofico-rrrr'lorlohrgicii -r,r,r'k,r.tli ,, ,.,,i,,'ii., irrr.rlitri (,lr r.ilrt.r,_,(,t r(.A, , ,,;lii'ti_r;i,i(.t(.{,.., ,, ,,;tiinlJ ,,i:i*i,,u,ri.l ,i,i'=. 11. 79, l0l), cirra.t,e.izati 1r.i, u,,ii a-ie [r co(]r,(]lr1li irrrcr.nii;i r'orrsidr.r.ulir tr fi r, ,rrrct,rrf,,f,,ui,, lr acf irrrrii (l;i1..r.r.sl rlr.rrrtls rrrrrlrrr.r, tu,-,i-1,,,,.ii i,,, ur,,,i ilslr.unr{.nt1rr.1r.iu rle r't'rr'erul'e, susr,elir.irril'ri ,,res<r*ie,' ,rliectirl trt,itrvesligirl ie irrtl'(,._(.0lrslr.rr,.j i,, nr(,l:r_lc0rr,lir.i.i . -lllrislr,rrr(|_logia.irrtir.rrrrrirr'rii.. ,'r1,,ii",.,"1i"u,;,.ri;,r,1,:it;.1,ti'l;';:11,._ cetril'ii r.rrrroir,st.er.ii...rtiirrtili;.,, _,ifliij,i'irrtr._,,,,_o"i.,,r.,,f,,*_ {'i.rralir .u c,rru.i,l,rr,'ri ,l,rl,,r.ir,":^,.".*"ia str t:r.istarizt,tzitintt-o dtx.lr-ittti ntrlorl,,l.,,qi,.1i. li, ^,.a,ai,*t*arl f rrnr.l iilt, r,oe_ l'itjr'*: ale, inl,eligenft'i "i11'1'1ii,,ar..,"-i' .ontri{iile irr ,.*rr.,acerslu int.rrrrrt'r', . irr . r'r.rrr.rr';,, *p,,',,,ii:ii ,,,ii*Lii,i'i*r;' ,,' i:;noa.{ l (.t'i i. u u r norlcl r l ist i rr. t pri i r i't,'; nai; t, i t ri ir),',,ii,,,',,.,ui,1itt slt'ttt:turIb telt n w,. lrr s.r.rlrrl ,rrti'rr.ii irrlirl,r'lrli<.e. irrlr_rrrr (.()lrl{,l ir.(.-g'iorral-rlist'rr'sir irr,rri[ir.irl st' ,';;;-i;iri <,ii rrir.r,r.s. r rrr.iirrrlt,epist.rnrlogir.r. 1i'rl.sl)r,(, o l.gf;i;',i',:ir tt'r.iile cilx,r,rretir..utilizirrrl trr rrrri f i'r'r'r'rrl ?',li,,"pr,,r rr. *ist,,;,;. ',,r:.i;, le,l'ia cilx'r'rr.rir'r'i. ll.ia rrrr.iu rrrirlrirrrir,r,, Pr.irr r.r,irrt.rrica rrrull irrrr,. r.elatie, *isLerrrr., ,lrpf r, se (,:trlt(,ler .izt,uz.ir rbier.lul r.e.r.r.liir.ii .stiirrf iti,.. iri u""1,,.r,f.. (lJ, 1r. ,t)1. (,r.r,_ rret.irile i' rkrrnt''irr'*,r"ii,, r,t",,al,;i'elii*le,rnologiu iii.hrrrr,,rle irst'rrrerrea. r'areg.r'ii ..1r",.ii;ii,i. i",,.it"i irrlirr,rr*rri.i (irrr.rrr _ tnator', nrr.sa.j, r.orl, r.aniil, t.rrtrrrllie if i, lr. grr,;. lrr.r.zerrl:rin lu.r'ii.il' rre srrc.irr rirrr rr. ,, irii"i.r il,i i,,i"i ;il;.*,,,;;,;r,ii;;a fapl rrlui infr.rri,rti" ioi" ,i"ririit,,ri"''1,c1rr,.,, 'er.ir'rrrr rrebt'a*zi{,ie i^ ,la* sriirrrific ;i ;ii;iii,,:rl :r fiintei ur'^'t,.(irrrsliirr{a r)rr)1il('rrrei rrrr.i t,rirlle r,r.itic.-rr.1'rr,*ir,. 1,,i- 'inrl sisferrrrrr irrfir.rnal irrr:rt ,,r,rii{,i , srn.e prnbrern*r i_ ll"tri rleosebitir, t:u _1tt:oltlerto i,rri.riitr,'i*de c^ye conrlu. l:rreorgnnizd.ri rnai rr.rri sa* rrrai prlin frrr,tun,r.' "iu'irnl".rur]adtrtise pinii aiei in .nxrrl r:x,it I,a'lliJiscutabile, inducinclno'i t:int.ptrri epistemie tu, rr. inf.'^"' ,._-_,llq1or.u,tuil,gia irrforrrratiriialii n, tle'i'e, .'istemr_t'gr. r'egi'rrali.; ea as'irii la.. gerre'alizare 'ar.nrrigrrrrf ir.i.a'snrn indu-;i v*le'{ el6 c,,n t in*?t-ri qii *ii"*i t .aiiii''.'.*r iri 1S r :r r r' rlr rl ir.r' .Jr'i' 1r'ansferrt'i t'''t'r,1rtuirlt. irr r.ir'1'rr e'is-l,,rrrr' ( lr.ilt irr t.ar.e ..irrilla') sa sirrtlinr Sin,iii:,,1,,'11n,pr ll). ltrrpcrrr{ir rrl ar,t,sla *i, rra*t,, ifl,, "*i,"--if ^i--'"_#irr;rt ii rlelrr'rrrlrrnl,ei actelor cogniiiye .t"capa.li;ilr' iriilr_r r' t ir r'r.lii, *r'rlifical ii la sc'r,n .'noaster.ii .; p";;;;;,r;;;l,,.Srrlri.r'r rrr rrri*r era. rilrritat p'irr ,,rrrpr.ielr,{ite -"iiiulrri;,:r' .lttrrr.*l : ltr.lirirrtl inlr.rrrr rtrerlirr ilile}rrl;;i, il;i;;,rrrr. :r rlisp[r't. Subiectul str afiir, i'tr.e finrieie'piil',.ioirfrrri i'lrrrtruse rre exisl.rrlir .i'tclis.rrr,,i ,,t.iliiilirr,,'ii';'i;;"_rlirrlui l)e c.ar.e ea il nrotlifici.' iti, p. I2l ). t lorx.ep.1 ia privind o aborclar.e fikis,fir.I it rier.eni'il,,:il,:],1.-'J:lil este prezentir irr cer.*r[r.ile rte r.ctt,ririi,i'iitr. .1:, o,,,:.^uln lrerspectiva rolulrri euristic rrl istolir.i,riiiri,,,i. ' rt jrr ('a ., t.onseein{d, I nraterializir.ii sirrrlir ij .; ,'.,,,,,,". ' r,'rii umane in sistemele i"tormaiice.-',{i;l;;ri;,,;"1;.;_ I:j:i:tir".fL3lii 4r: :ib inforrnation2lS presupulr o t.ont.eptie,.ui'U deNp.e lllme, -o- vizi.'e e.{ ir,ii as'pr,a, ra1t.r.1 urilui.,lirr, societatet, un echilibru (,rea1or,. ,,np,utat la, r.ealilttellrrra,terial.i qi spiritualit. J'ledoaria neecsitii{ii rrnt,i r.izilrrri fil.s'l.it.r, :r:,t)r.A (.ll_ rr'aqterii in e'nfiguratir s*,,on1,,r,r1i,,i^,,ii,, ;",;.;;l';,; .,,i,irrperati'ul rrnei noi t'rrrs1 iinr. a rrrrir t,r'.:rlitiirir. ',ror,i,, ptin parlicipa'ea interigeul.i'arr ifjrllar,,. r,,,,,,i.ii"i,,i;r";-t ului se aflii-in1r.un prrrcls al-t.ii",*,-1", ii tlr, .iue. o lenlit.apeste rnilenii a maxirrrr.i- s.r'rArir.e.',r *,,iiir.i,i,ir,;; i:,i"i;-rnele re-cunoasterii .rpecificitll i; li*"r,*,. Se atlrnile eii <lerrrt,r'sul l'ik,s.Itr]ui nrrlir,.:ler,l rrtr,tisauutott a eon.us Ia .ezultat ul 'ur.erl.r"t i,i il,t"r.,,X*.i;unei 'm.etode u,'ttiuersale (l lt, p. .",'S,1. - _.1.".1rti*A i,i**. '",: int,electul este eon;tiinli tle'*iilc 'a trrrir.e'snlui. intuinrintr-o paraleli i stoiicri',,. r""" -,.,, J",r,-;''.,;,"r., Jul "i "iiij Socrate, consideratz-r, ,'o metodii, *iiiriJ"ti.,; cn raloare tle :lliT"tll]t?te".(19, p. 63), posibilitali,a rle inlerrreiere _(te, catro rntetigenfa natur.alii in actelc ilt, r.rrloriza,rr, ilt,rnLerrorrzare a fiintir,rii sa',. aflali irr r,<,lalir, ,,, l'lniigini"artificiald, - a uo"i melode unir-ersale. lrentru c.unoasterea, l/Ului subieetiv. , Con,5tiinla acestei _stii,r,i problenral)z:rnte a investi-ga{ieir a demersurilol' cle ".,roff,-"."* * a.s1,ectelol. definitoriicare Ee contureazd, privintl etapa r,onienrpot,arrl -u--pil_ blgmei unitd,fii cunoasterii este expriruatrr. sub forma opiniilor specialigtilor care subliniazi : ,.Ingineria (,unoa!q_ terii investigheazd mecanismele intinre ale gindirii in 19
actul creafiei, al cercetfrii astfel incit e fi.esc ca noile mrJloace intormalionale si conclucfl la noi metocle de cercetare a incl necun()ijcutului'" (20, p. I22). cunoaqterea de sine <"n o c'rnooftere q cuttoesrerii tter.- sonifici.-in agora fihft.a irrr elect urui' prin refiect*i"r''r,li., -preta'tiod, a *niversrilui, prin t'"-c'earea abstracti-'r"-."o- tului 9o3c.1et,, (18, p. b4). Arlmifind, i" *u"i""X "iuui"Xari,stol.elieX, prezenfa inteler.l rrlui in cadrul r;rinr.ipiuirrl i,"_it3!ii enunfar .rre stagirir. irrrere<.r rrr .*t",'iii""i-i"-iI trnp. rmanent ;i transccnrlent, irrraricrrl prilr inrndicllnarea sa in e'olulia lt'alulrri. prirr'or.igirreo *r, ; rrr,,*.,,,ra""r prin..rral ura ;i tirnctin -u iia,a.rif i , , ).t",unla pe.e.alo () Pll,llullenI esle a(.eea a r.onsider).rr ii intetrgenlei artificiale intr-o relatie tlialectir:i cu nlveiut imanent a,l i'telect*lui.uman ca' participare la "..ui"i;r.i'ealul'i, i'tegrarea aceiiieia i' prodesel" riui"r.ii; ;i;;..orelatii- o.ga"nic ('11 'iuprasoiiciia'ea rie t:ii,tre mt;hc;;ta:rrtifici:r,iii a nir elului_lrarrsr.enrlent, :r frrncil"i ,i" 'iiirl.i_ tare a uni'er'-salului. ri.eze'r-ele ;i nuan!:irile p."r""i""i'discursul pe cirre il r'ealizf,,m "oi. fot,mul. oo"i" ,".iiiiirr'eto.dologice cu caracter'alor.ic, referitoarel* i";A;;;;_inteligenf ei rrrtificiare in zone d.erita.te, sec,.t ntrr are- ima- nentei si trans.endenfei (in cornparatie cu rnodelul unlan). Cun-oas.terea de-.sine. a gi*rlirii "o r.urG"Jio -;;";;ii:;: rnetodologictr a desfd,;urir,rii actelor. intelecl,il e d;;;;;;; j :.:o"""p!ia_ noastri,,' t,ransformarea intellgent"i ;ilif;.;;i;urtr-o rrretodX, de cercetare, intr_un no.o, orgcLnon. Implicalia cu rol instrumental pe care o r.,aiideazir, nct'sL.rou.principiu al realitiilii cognosr.ibif", "o.uiaie "osemnifica,tia sa filosoficr, rlerivd, dininodificri"" riil"airli]cognifiyg, a morla,litiifii intelectuale de a fi preg.d,ltd^,.;; operXm t,u strueturi si coneepte si mai potin'"ii,fui" ,if'apte primare. ln pra'ul refiecliei t"""iti"",' i".ttiilrir"lunei noi directii melodologice in epistu-otogit i;;;';;;;;rlintr-un proc'"s mai ,"frI" u,f -i""o"riderd,rilor care se desf5,ryoar5, qi in.contextul ^terriei qtiinlei, urrde se "J-ii",, recunoa,;terea, isLoricitd,{,i i ;tiintei' la nirjel lnetocloloEici.. .,rsDorlcizarea,, standardelor rnetodologice de rationali_ tate ale qtiinlei (10, p. 25). - Imaginea contemporanii asupra stiinfei li irnplieatiiiol sale tehnologice are inscrisl., in ietul'a" p.l.cipii,';;l6i;; t1? _"11t"" gno seologic, axiologic si pra xiitogi": d"i;;;;;;; _t:31:1"1.,1 cunoaryterii $i acliunii umane iqi gd,sqte o ex_ r)resle sintetic5, in descifrarea componenteiorlilosofice ale 20 tr.lrrruhrgioi in ansaurblu ca elernent al realiti,t,ii -qociale. lrr,r'i rlLi tlin aceastX, situalie se afi5, a"'ansareh in sfela lr,r'r'r,t,ii,rii a ploiectului unei epistemologii a tehnologiei t:ll , p. ll78). iirl,r'leasir, ca o variantii a lea,lisrnului epistemologic r':rrr. rr,rluite rliyiziuni interne tle ordin istoric (realism ,,rrr,i"" pentru tehnologia clasicii - realism de tip ,,eritic", lon'lirl cu o not:i tle inrltrrurentalism, pentru tehnologia r rrorlr.r'nri a sisternelor artificiale) epistemologia tehnologiei r,slt t'onsiderat5,, in conceptia lui llario Runge (21), , tr":'rsiituri, internX, un ,,fundal') 1i nu o etapi ulteriunr,i"t, lr.l'lcxivii,. Tehnologia fbrntuleazii, probleme episterrnologict' rrr r':ldrul tlesfrisur'l,rii rnecanismelor sale itrtr-o :r,titudine ,,plrr,gmatib5" fatI, de gradul tle cunoastele a realitritii. l')pi'ternologia tehnologiei se con-qtituie, sub aspectul ge- rrtzei. printr-o unitate a prerniselcx' de ordin episterno- losic crre apartin irtiintei si tehnologiei. Aceastil cornu- rriiate a funtlamentelol episternolcgicc se transferi, si irr plirnul rlesfi,guriirii relatit'i reflexir-critice si ne tlez'i.[,luie rrilu'itilr unei interseclii a obiectirelrir'-proqro,m ale cerce- t'ilii. Din perspectir.a integratrirre oferitS, tle filosofia ltiintei perrtru tehnologia informaticii, :lflati, in pennanent transfer' rle concepte si rnetode cu ;tiirrtole si disciplinele teoretit-.e spccifice (rstiinla computerelor, stiinta cognibivului, stiin{,a infonnaliei s.a.), considerirn net'esarI introducerea unei rlistinc{,ii de principiu intre suslint-rea ideii unei episte- rnologii a tehnologiei in general si argumentarea unui rrou lril.el al epistemologiei. Situat[ la frbntit'ril, teoria cunoasterii rstiinfifice devine contrur.ersatX din pelspec- liva participXlii int,eligenfei artiticiale Ia /in,temeierea teo- rdicd a principiilor noilor a,specle 6tiinlifioe care sint parlial aplicate in tehnologie (in sensul ei clasic). Mh,srua participflrii noilor tehnologii ca lehnologii in esenld, int,e- lectuale, primordiaiitatea lor de tip cognitiv conduc la transforrnilri radicale de tip intelecbiv, la reorganizarea strueturilor teoretice de inlelegele a dinamicii cogniliei. Epistemologia inforrnalionaLi isi inscrie, in sfera ana- lizclnro nivelul teoretic al metamorfozelor din proc.esua- litir,tea cunoagterii ;tiinlifice, care se autoanalizeazva in lorrfruntarea cu fazele sale t1e crestere si de obiectivare in perirnetrul tehnologiei. tn opinia noastri,, domeniul ciilruia ii argument5,m viabilitatea statutului in contoxtul rlirecf,iilor semnificative din fiiosofia ltiintei detine un 2L
rli (rl rupe.i'r' rre' . r'efr.xi'i1ate, e're es.rrl iaiitar. il clt.;,,,r1,. su.il'r' te'.elice si ' opt'r'atirrraritirle rle iiprrl a.r,,r,niti,r.ir)i;, rlefinilolie llenlrrr inieler.iul rlnlan. I)iferur1elt, (.or.sii_ 1'flr11{f ale trrr*i 1r',r'il .,r,t't,1 r.orrltri.at tris.r,izrzri t.,lr,r- silrrtrtl elristerrrohrgiei irrfor'tua1 i6lali, rle lpislt,tttt,rtttlt.;,.,. :Sl{.osi 'alrrrralrt,(2!1. "1tisl,,rtt,,1,,r1 trt t.i1t1.1.,,,11,.11 (,;l .:lrrr ;n'ltt,,(ut,-i:,{?:lfl .epist.ettt,,looirt leli'rtL,l,,rriri - IIar.i. tirr:,q* H^r_]..1_ J r,).._.,/r?.slenolog,ia cornTtutct,ialri _ llat,ia (irr.r,ut,ila :j..t:lo:,!t_r. 2!t)., Aceastii, .tipologie sulPlirrtle rr,,l.lrrri r+r._('rl('(' ar(' r'r'r',Irsl .ur'riei : irrrli'idrtaliz,irir,l t,r,,,r. trrr,,l,,,.',,1," a'rraliz'i (Salosi r.tauarre, ciirirra ri*t,ul, af(.e'tuir](1,i,47./.- !'it'litateu, picit,trii s*'r,r-ideir{itr,ea. ,rir.rtr',,lrr',i'r,.),f ,,rili,;iri;( IIario. 13' n ge, )l a'i a Oor'et i ri r;,i r,r in.i i',ii*',._,,' p,":*i t,i,lelobali (urroscologit.o-pr,trioloui, i 1. - . Mod.l'l *1list*,ruol..g^iei irrf..r,r'lr1 i''ltle {.11r,(, iltrl.r.r rrtr erige.l'e tk'rrnilar. si tligoar'., *1,,,rili, (,s1e {rr. rrirr,r rr.l-.,,i- teoretic pli,n extt'n,qiurre- si_ coriola1ii, in ,.,u,,1r*i.n,lr,, ,,.l, .,cpisl'em.logia c'ornputer,iari." : se' lir,,'rtrit,azlj, cli{,.1. 1 1f; pt'irr.ipirrl for'rat.r' - f iralit:rrr,:r rr,, ",:irl',',"'lui.r",.ii, i , ,,_ lela[ r.u rrrrr.k, r.rrrsitler.irti.i rrstrlrur ,"f,liif.,i.' :.,;S;,iii"- : 'alori c'iterii. pt,'tru fiinia .n'rrr:i cr..al'nr.e tle ar.tefa.t,ecare'.ajurrg sii irlite urrele rlin p.r,lorrrranlele snle irL;,-.c_ rLabile. ('errr.ar'elr teor't.tir'li il .i trr'rrl 1rr,'rrrt,rr*rtir.ii rrrnirr,-" rg_niti'e aspi'f Ia rres.ifi'arr,,i r..,,,t,ifi,.,,tiir,,,.,,.:ri,,i,lloli " i_ ba,le a,le ltri ltam,o cag.itans i' prer..t,rrt r.er,t,e1ri.ii, *a,1,. rliaiales., la ierarrriile riin sferzr 'viir,(;;;:io' etarre a,le ri,,.1,i-vali_ei fiinlei 'nrir'e pert*r nuu* f'r.rlri irrt,rrrrali,,i; li,gintlile. Episterrroirlsia infolrnatiorrali (,cr,(.r,lr,itz.i. r.oiul jl,l r_ rralrer rrr tarrtatt-a sa de c'ea1'r, al 'rr'r, clih'torrrii .ril influen!e rnajo'c ir1 spa!,iul pr:oi,t,.rr,"to". tnt,,,,r,i,it,i.'l,r_i, :;l.'j;:iTlfle aplictrliilor, -satc lehrrir.t, rteriir"' t,;i,,;;;. j";",; 'r'rzilln' .'rnt.r i.genl n natu.alii - inteligerrta -arl ificirl l;,ri...cnnoaslet'. nre,1:rlii, -.u'oa;ttr,,, ,,".ri-"r,t^l,.il:.'-.*i,i,",,r uman - subicr'r r'olrnar'). subit,r.tirr ,j;.i i;;;' ...,i'iilrr,,,,(ttser') - norl ur ilizalo' inon_usei..;.., ;^,.-i; '..,.i,:i.,ii'_li)'i rbr'me de at'cr's sarr inaree* Ia - arliai,i"i;,' i;f-;,Jiii-ffiir.irf , acceatri inriu-s. prin ar,eastu i,ii,i-^ - ii:, ;;f;r;,;li;, ;; 'ep.ezintf numa,i 'n limbaj da. si ur, *".uol*rr, ;i;;;";;al cr;ntextualizlrii cnnoaqtcriit:,,rri"-po"oro. . llri'orrlnrIil-l,rrg,s. inl't.rr.rr*u il rrrriver,srrlui t.,urrir.iei" n *.,_ r r('rpa Jir (le(,linlilrt'ir lrlof urrzirrrilol ginrlrrlui 'irr 'silrrtl a iri ca'e prrtluseie ron-m:rter,iaie, idiiaie",l"r.;"'r'",i.1", 22 rrirrr1.r rrr vial.il sot,iir'll'r,. .iakrrrtele axiologitt' ale sin{,aglnei ,,rrrl'rrrilll,f i1r-<'rrrrotl:'{teftr'r ne.c,esi1:i in plan cognil,ir- un pro_ r'r.:r .r,l :r,rra,lizelol eleschise rle evirlenfiere a lolnlui r-.reil,or .r,i .rr1ri.r'lrrlui, t rlirnensiunii integra,toale I)e (,iu,e o lxlsceli ,r,r'{".1:1. irr <linatnit,n fenornenelot, subier,tiie. l,lpisl ernologi:l infclrrrrationalii,, ar.int.l inst.r{sil in struc_ Irr.u s:l rr.etico-itrstrurncrntali rlescoper.ir.r'tl unor r.esurse .*r1 'ril i'e in sfelir ,,netr.adi{,ionalir." n posibilit[l ilor. rle rrr,r,irili'stiil't' it crlno:l,sterii, r't'nuntl la ier.ai'hiile con.sir.r:r.ate. rlr.1r' i,<irrrt ctrrp:r ist,or.it,ir a r.e{ucf'iolisntului rle 1ip c6gpitir,. il, ,l,e.st,hirI astfel 1n'pt,e rroi pentI'r rlcst,ifrarea ?c(:e11fp]1,1, .r 1,r.1upol'itnt' a1e cliversitir,{ii l ernatic'e si rnetodi<,e ale lrl ,,.,rl'iei stiirrIei. At,errsttr, in viziunea de sistenr l)e (,al.e 1r , r'lrri,r'eiite, Al'e ca, sa,r'cinri. si argurnt'nteze r-ala,tiilil.ltt'a pru'.iltircltr,i i nteliqpyyci urli.l'iriate. in carlrul r.alent.elor rP,,l,rli1'1' :r,lc concep{iei infolrrrir,tirr,t-r contur,at[ spr.e <t fit,lr- Irt, i,i) r. gn0srxtlogit.O-stiintifir.ir, irrlr.ligr,nta artiiicialil. ca ilr ir 1'lUnent frtrrnirl de cnnoaltt'r,t,, tt.elluie si rlt,a scit,trra rl " rtftt'ntul siiu rrpa.te. I)lunurile Paratlig'ratice rrar.e se ilri.1..,r'.(l(fl,eazii in prir.inta t'lur.irliir.ii ir<,t,stei terrra,tici r:0n{itr, ;rrrfrj3,1:g1f,, llrincipiul merrtalitir,{ii unrane, necun,,.t,ut,ui ilr iro:Ite fi con(.eput rlor,it iu tt.rLncni ornene;l,i. O atare lni,l',)polnorfizale rlcfineste esential r:euonul irrleligil.ri- lri;i,r. if p.rin faptul cit ai.t,t''l ueazii r.l*l s,Utx,tii-itrarlii. l',r'rrzt llti-I, in cet.cela,.ro cit un lmlllu l)l.o(.es rlinrtrrrit. ;i,rrr ll,,',clali timp, cir obiectir. rle per.sptrr_,tir.ri, fiirrd o calitale lr, ru'ltilnului, sulritrctivitatt'ir <,onfei'i"r, ,,orrlinea spiritua,l[,tt rr [.ri /rnaao tnpiett,s. [)e lr.trtra, t'rperienta intelect,uaiil, se ltazrltz:a pe f'r,'re tle erpr.i'ra'.- la rri-t,t rrretate.r,etie, nlnBilifirind astfel rrrec:rrrisirrelt' r1e le-sernnifir,are ale llro-cesreLrr inl,t'lectir-t'. . { ) ilrtcrogat,ie r,u rol rle f un(l?rluenta,r'e a unei ,,r.iziurri_ o["iz,rrlt'r in epistem'logie erpliru,,i . inrkriilrir inet.orlicii a {iriLalului de rnilcniu : inteligi,rr(,a, :lrtificiu,Li, este rnesaiul ct), '.1'tal'e cle legitinrrlr,e - la t,rrurpii,nil dinil.e milenii -* irr lur,rrer+ intelectualii siru liirnine nirrnai un nriilorr, rrn pur_ td,b{)r luatclial rll at,estuia ? 'l.ansclisir, in ternreni't,eor,ei,ir:i, int,rcbtlre:r r:online r'[i.tirrt.tiir rlintre,,condil;ia, cle eris] terifi*".'r,.p.rirrcipirrlui inteligerr{ei :lrtificiale ;i ,,r,onrli{,i:l do int,eligibilitirl.e" r, ilr:est*ia. ltificultatea de liilel ,,r"i,*- lyrlt'JiS a -fiintirr,ii inteligent;ei arr"ificiale, a,,iat:eligibili- til{;ii" inteligen[ei - c'*traelict,ie reillir, in' c'rrsen.s riu .r-a_ k*lle *mane - denu're.1te o deschitlere proble'ratizantfl prtn care ne intogr'[m in sferr cercotirrii "iitoare. (krrnu- | ):r)')
nlcareA clr alte epoci nu numai prin. ader.d.r, ci si prinforta de simbol ri p"i"tipiil""'I"$iirite, rlar., mai ales,p.in direcfii interpieta'ie elabor;,;; "" conrytiin,ta 'ifi_ cult[{,ilor iner,ente^ subtiniazl ;;;I;;;;" propedeutici, a r]e-mersului intreprins. "w r-^vr,vusquruelr ''tr tle .-_,I"pllf3 p.esle seeole rle gindir.e la celebra ,,cearti, aunrversaliilo":'. ..eeajta tipuiilor rle inteligefrXll' tl"[rt"sd, probeze, in aceasl iL. i n*ti-nii- a,r "uri t xiiil:;' ;:;t,fi :;i;:r*eiere, sobrietatea_ rtisput,ei'con."pr ""iJ . ni;il ";.';,r; Iiil111:?JJ,fl1 jririlor tcorel iee si sist emici f al ea "ii*i,u nii. Aspeetere rr'r't'inare are lrroblemei arr inscris preaoa'iiin isloria cuget*.ii pentru " ,,i*ro"il'o i"i"iis.;i;i#';li"#l; .T."lill,l g ad aptare c'leri v ate,ri n p."r,i"_;'"";;i ;" r; .*ii"I, rntelrgenta si,-si descopere fele ',-oi, s,i-;i "ruuii "pl;tiiOliii1ol, noi_ro,sibilirrti de-;,i;pt;; ffi iri;tt si, intr_un anumil,sens, sii i'cheie' compr,cinisu.i .,, ,".litat"r, lX"driir_;ace,steia anumile conrlesii (?+, p. l jtt). Acest pun(.1 rlcvedere, suslinut d:^1. t. Hoi.l'iilp"ilioa,ta premergitoarr.alrari!iei informalieii, trespre ir.gi; fronlierelor interi-gerrfei din perspeetir.rr, clror.a .* o'iuii?.uzd, r,ealilatea vinesr' iustifice netesitatea ,ri*"i""ii*in prar istoric int.elllsiiturilc inleliocn!ei ..,.,, p,:.o,,rr"trui, aspeetul er-rn(inrr_tului).,qi ca metortrd.'nito*otjirt"r;d; intuia, in urmr_r, t.rro jumiitate tle secol, *^""ir*;;";"'#,li , ,,rlacir, ceea oe secheami raliune omenea.scd "_ll,-""ri"-""t cumva, in unele.prir-in!,e,. sra!ie eforturitor p""ir;ili;' pe eare le_a flcrrtrn cursul limpului fprg u A;;i"d ;;obleme mereu noi.u,,.i^.* o_ *rfu:"ogd, in continuil -cr"J*i#;r,;" lrzialiii| in eeca .e p'i'este 'earizarea inietigeniei ,"t''iiir" .:;i'jp. i n d e i d ei inl eres^"t" l"r*ri ;# i;=;;il];.'ffi il:1 i;Jl;qi automatisrne. in -lucrarea-'prin"T"ir" consonantistd sesubliniazl : ..Sturtiul t"11titt ,ogn"iririt "" inva{,6 cel nrai.mult asupra'mecanism;i;;;.-lir#;ir, , "^ este cea maiprecisl, eea mai clard,, .* il;i;ioial a**"ifrat, eea rnaibogatil' Meeanismet" hi".t*J'$i';a.i;"- sint in cea maimare par,te deduse p^rin analdgi" ;; mecanismele cog_nitive" (25, p. I20). For.mrf"".i'ia"iior ae bazil ale uneicibernetict qeieraliza.te qi Li.r""ri#"prY-"i rucrd.ri de psr-horogie cibirneticd, din literatur* *ooloiuii'." i#i" si.{i;odobleja reprezintd antccedente teoretice valoroase pentru mirycarea rle idei din domeniul filosofiei rytiinlei. 24 ( ) vilkrroas.i d.irec.tie propune in istoria cugetfrii Grigore (' Moisil, care - analizincl consecinta cercet[rilor din r lorrrr,niul matematizX,rii clisciplinelor urnaniste si utili- zrrn,rr ilr aceste studii a calculatoarelor electronice - subli- ru:rzji, r'econsiderarea rolului epistemolngiei in acest con- tr.rl, t,eoretic, necesitatea unei receptivitlti accentuate, lorrsl,r:uctive : ,,Aparilia disciplinelor noi ar trebui s5, rrrlclrrseze in prirnul rind pe epistemo:Iogi (subl. ns.). AceI ('r. s{r ocupf cu cercetarea rnodului cum omul cunoaqte rrrr poate fi incliferent :ltunci cind se constituie dornenii rr,,i ille cunoaqterii omeneqti" (26, p. 11E). ..cceptati preponderent prin prisrna rezultatelor sale, rrrlcligenla ca obiect rle studiu a omis par-tial raportarea l:r rrine d.in perspectivil epistemologiefl - c& o refleclie :r.upla experienlelor definitorii propuse. Caracterul onto- logic al unei atari investigafii categoriale, analiza prin pt'isrna criteriilor cognitir..ului, depflqintl prin salt meta- lrrlretic sfera ,,clasicI," a psihologiei, permit enunf,area rtrrol ipoteze cle lucru, a unor principii ale episteurologiei inftrrrna{,ionale aflate in faza tle constituire. Inteligenla ca obiect c1e studiu, dinamica sa in catlrul conceptual al epistemologiei, prin speciile conotaliei sale, ttet'initorii pentru horno sapien.s, este chernat5, sd, reali- zeze - impreun.ii, cu obiectivarea in lumea cunoscutului - o cunoastere de sirre corelatir cu valorile umane in general, ca o incununare a principiilor prinre ale filoso- fiei. Si aceasta, cu atit mai urult cu cit ltomo sapiens, in toate ipostazele sale, este cel care oferir dimensiunile creatiei ,stiinlifice - teoretice conternporane, stluctura ;i ctirecliile de dezvoltare ale crealiei, scopul ;i finalitatea creafiilor sale in planul id.eilor. $i de aici, pe acest temei, poate fi relevatft unitatea rnarii epistemologii.
('tl>i/olrrl { ll'l,l{}(i!i.1.}[{ il, rl!,'(,tiIt "1'[{} {iI't s]'Eltr or,(}{i I{,ll Lli fl" {lrxrrilolrntrlrl ullui lxnl frnonren crxlnifiv , L, rlrlttrrirl it'rr iirst.r'ir.ri in sfet'a <.tlr,t,liliior <lr c'lliste- !r,1 lie irrfolrrr:rliorrali leltlczinli utl ll]{)ln('rl1 rle sirrlr'zii u ri rlrril r.rrror' lrelrnarrt'n1t' t':rpolt:ili 1a lczitillrlele si l'r' , 11 lllolrlt'rrutt!zitrii rlirr 1r.,orja si stiinl :t infolrnatici. l,'r ,.rr1i:r si trrclorlulo:Iiii. se i,,rrr;r',irr1i, il 1l'rzcnt, (.ll sit1"- ' i, :ulrrlizr.i 1 r'trornt,rrnlni t'ornltrrtelii:iu'ii, (,tr iltl er'pr'ot:il'('a 1r, tit{'n('lol t'r'lr'i rlc l :.cit)treit ler-lrltrlii irrftirrnatiorrale" i!. : . 1(!). ..ii:rr't't rle t'unsttitr{i"t" in <.lrlc se gilsesl(, iti- rrrl i, i'olltenll)ol'tuli'l - itrfrn'rrrlrl izltlea :rs1tei.1t'1or rrrultila,- {t,i"r,,1" rtlt'rtt'tivjli"r1ii rtrrLlrrrt'('r'ceazii () lr)ui slltttr!it rittrt- t'rr:. rrl ir'q'i. Sislt'rttel{' leltni<'r' ('ille 'ol f i l'olisiltr sirrl rlrii- lolr,,," 111. irrlcrrsii'it'lle ir gin{lilii u}rstlnclc si ile ul.iliz:ru-' lrll;,, rji'ii cf'cr'1ir.it ;r t't'zttitiltellrl' ;11'1.sf1'j21. Fir.' 1'sylrrirlet'i r'li ...It.:r;rir'it rlt.r'rtlt'rtl. itriirr'rrrirlira si r'jlrelrrr.iit'ir rlevin irr- slLt,i rrrcrrlc alc eintlilii. rrri,iior,irul lr.'ltfia irr.r,sl.t'i,.r (.I r'ciiii- iirtl,:L si rlt'it'r'rrritritrri 1ct rrriri rrrult t'itttt.ryl .1i ra.rud,r:rul, tlt:ri,lltit'ii (u n()(t.:'l/')'i'i (srilrl . rrs.)t) (2. p. ,t1). { nttrlttttt,t'i;lu('il li[]irr'('('il irtt sistetti tlt'1tt'oi:u-'e sucirr- r,ir11 ,,lr';rll oJrie,,lir-e. rlal si t,ir leflectalr: it li("('st{)r' l)t'{)('e>s ia :' ri'r'1ul r'onsliintci i.(.lr:iitl{', irrtr.nrr t'rlilit'iu leol'etic ;i iir: t- it'gt'zi"t sttt'cil'it'. 'r'll1 ii"rt ('()11L{'1u1 ti{)i1 l'ti il0 lttrirlizi t'olnilr'('ii}r, tlc llt, irit't:irrtl, riilLrgrri rliirllc sisteirrele lehnit't'1i;1 iirr!li , Iitn- rlrirrrcrrlrri 1t'or'r'iir'ill l)l(i('cs(rlol corirputci'iirlt'.,plrri{ilt, lilrr.rit'lizilri 1ic ttrrrr.irti .,rrriilii sliin{,e') u lrrorius rlesr'lti- (l(,ri'rr ul)ui i'r'orr1 rlisijtii,t lrl r.rrnoa;telii;i lLl irrtelpl'et'iLlii lrrri.,i s:.rlc rlirrrerrsiutri. i'r'iti r,frrtezir, t'iltrtrlctizttlt'lr ;ri-rl irir,,r ; .l)cr 1li irr lrlunui fittiilarnt'lrtiilii sn,lt' trivclul si iintiiir. liti.:,,t ili ttciirt t'r,t'ttp1i t'Lr t'elceliu'ea stiirri ii'it'i sr lrlerltrirle si sr rtrriplifit'i"i 1rt'ill tt'utrslcntl rlc tuel,otle si 1it'iir lettrlin{eie ller^r:iiilr("11i(' (le {)1)litrtizrtt'r. itlrrril'itt' rlr sistctttr.'le tehtro- lrr.{ . r . 27
tlonsidera'en *ltirnur*i sfe't tre veac ar rnireni'rui irrrr'. ctesfi sura'e a c or np'terizlrii la riive]ul i^rii,iairi " i " ;;i "r, _ tifi<.ii una tlinlre rnai.ile incer,.Xri iegretice. psihotosi,.i) ,,;sot,iale gerr.rale ale rrr.estui r irn;,- i*irri;:'#;;;i;'';l;;:;,,,;este aslfel ..nrrmiti.., estc rleserrrnrli,lr"p;,;;;:i;;;,,,. intr-ur r p.o""* fii"i, pr'"iuninnt t; i;i;;li" r,e. ;il eror. st ir'tr if i c.si tehnice. Facilitri(ile de 'rtlin te'ni. for.r'ca,zX ;i soiieritri. irracelasi timp, noi alrilititi. intnr,',af;nnale caie tn"iiir;*' ro_portate lzr, .procese t.ognitive speciiice. Sint rliver,.qt-, r.iziuirik ;nt*rpreialir e in cc pr.ir t"s{sstrricturarea, pe etape, a ist<ir.ilei- cir,nputerizrarii. l)e'ilrli, r-i.nrr'* t'er.e{it'rui nipo' yorre.ii rlr.rrrrir{ rrr llr.r a'ea irrl it ulati 'r'rte r tr-ot:ttiiitort ,s,,,,iert1 rts !rr,s,r-I ttrlrr:tIritrl ^so.irr, j aecastii e'oirrrie cup.inrre urmilrrri.r.l(, lratr u starrii : r ) i'rr'1lute'ir"r."^-'in",rir-elrrl tnctrii .s!ii, r,. _in per.ioarta reJ.i r'rzo : ,;",ni,,ii",:,,r''.' i',liio;lt'lnr' ;,folosit ert.rrsir', in prrrgranre la setr,i nal ionall , (lc ert,,*_lrlrr irr pr.'lrtemele a pnr,ur ti r,"fiou"i.,'ii i;,' ;;;;;ii;;,:, ;,i;i.ir.ii spa{iul.i cosrnic.; zl ",r, ..t.."irir"" ia nivelur trt,i,io_t1t tnettl-trlui in rre'i,arla l,,r; _ I Osil , .o,,,prio.,,f_ .'i ,,fapli.ate irr rlorneriir,r ",,nilu,.,.ii *i'*,i,"inist.ar iei rrt, rlirr ;i p.artir:ula,re; l3) c'r'pute'izarea la rii'elul societdlii _ trrpe.ioad, 1 rJ?' - 1 990 ;^.orrrp..te.teG sint i.rioslt;'i;;'', *r_,+viilea lrcblernelor. socit txJii ;;, i;i; ";', -l ) cornputt,riznlt,a,la nivelul irtclitidirlu.i, - in per.io,r,da-19?5_2000 ; fit,rril.r,c,persoanii va fi in ririi,surii, sir, flloseascri informafi* .i" "i li].-lalor,lrrinrrti r''irr.*isterrrt,ie-r",ir-i,,^oi"x,"i-i*ii,,".'i,l'll,,i:. rlialogul intre rirn fi ;;iil;;r:'."'rl""ditr"azii, intr_urr 'r'rre.n {'l'saIi{r,ai) perrtr u r s'Iu1.iu,," 1,i,,,ilt-.',i"n:,i;';;;;;,iit,::ltr,itt' 'osibirilr-i 1i ale r ii1.r uiui. ii' a,.e*t sta,tliu [iet..rr.r,pe's,arrli r a l'i srruier,l rrl ca'e ,."uiirLr""'";,;1;;r_,i;;;,:i;ia' sorietatea r'-a, ri , ',',li..iat ,. ' :;;;;;""'ii a cunoasl er,iisi creatiei tte rua:ii i13, 1r. ,i,i_jtiii"' ,.. .l]l1r;,r a,lti, irrter,pretar.e se ayanseaz[, ideea unei istur.ii ]l:.11':i_t'r,rj a .'unrputnrizirrii , r"r.u iirlit ,+o_.;; _ ',.n'_ t at'l errz.atii i rr speeial. pri rr pler.alo *.'i.,,,n1,.rnent elor. l t,lr_rrrre,; ;tiinlele s'ecial"_ ir, i"u,iuiil;il l"r,'^";-;;-;;p;;irrerrtat nici o infhren!,i. u- .rriil_i"rl;ii"il. In taza a, trtr_a, 1a.nii 'G0- '?0) t.resre 'or"r *-1,"'"i;i;;:;"r".rrrir.e si t.,grri_til'e. IJnele ,,.r'ccrite teoretic6 U" "or'poterizi,rii a' I,'stirrtegrate irr ,,stijrria computerelor ,.''Ii nra a III-a, _ {.eaa.r'1uali - a*per.teie. te'retice ;i -rle-"varoar.e au trer erriitrnportante. Se stabile;te o coreialie ,nai f"rgd,-t.ti" lr;; 28 t r,r rltl,icir, il,ctual.[, a cornputelizX,rii, matematica ;i stiinlele tr.lrrri<'r., tlar qi intre disciplinele fundanreutale (fizica, ,.lrinriir, lriologia), cele urna,niste (psihologia, lingr-istica) . r r ot,ia,le (econtirnia, sociologia, th'eptul). Fundarnentar.ea ,trirrtif ic,ii, atit rle multipid,, ra,port,ut'ile teoretice cu sfer,a ,tiirrlific.i ar fi condus grartrial la lenomenul cone-r, acel:u :rl ,,r'efurtnei cvasitotalitX{ii tlisciplinelot'" (4, p. 19g). .r'iurl un caracter predonrinant tlesclipt,iv, aceastii, a, {l()ult, sintczzi a, etapelol rrornputelizi,rii apare, in opinia, rr.rlsi.,I[, rnai pulin sugestirr[, fiintl lipsit.i tle forla expli- , :r I ir ir proprie inraginii sistematice avansate deY . llasuda. lrr radlul sttnclurii cornputeliz.irii,, complerleutar lrrrrr.tion'ir'ii cr<tmporrerrt,elor tehnice, econolnice, il celor 'l{' (fontr'ol si cornunicale, cerceta,r'ea teoleticii, si rnettr- lloretic'i sint impelios chenlate sii rrranifeste leceptivi- trrttr fat[, de cornpontntele .,coenitilii" si ,,tlr,. r'aloar,ct" t l, p. 197). (lotnponerrta ,,cognitivi,'! ruplinde tipul de salcitri t'e- z,olvate (le conlputele, pre(1urn ;i rnodificiili in plocesele lognitir-e gtnelate tle c.oniputelizare. Clolnponent:r,,,t1e t liloale" iie erplirnir prin r-nodif icalea, r'alolilor' 1r'atli- lionale gi afirrnarea unor noi virloli. Aceste douii ,,rronr- ponente'), tleqi apzu'l.in structulii plr-rceselclr cornputeriale, prin continutul lor depirsesc airar,tenenfa strictil la rnatii- i'eslaleil itr act a t'ornputet'izill'ii. Ele devin di.niensiulrile .,ccgnitili" si, r'espectiv, ,,de val()iu'ett ale revolu{iei inforr tnalionale, tlincolo tle c,adrul de manife.stare al acesteia, constituintl un etaj leflexir. cu valente teoletice tle le-iutir- lizale a stluct,ulilor, rtrei:ani.snielor tle c.unoa;t,ele ;i r,r,ea{io ;tiintifie5.. Pe ccorclonatele reconsirleliirilol se inst,riu ;i denrer'- sulile de folrnulale a noilol tr'lslturi rrle construc{iei epis- 1etnologice, incercdrile de ctrncretizale a sperrilicului actua,l ai explic'atiilol r,a.re -<int erpresia rnodificfi.r'ilor. r'adicale riitt lurnea cunoa;terii qi a stiinlei. []eractelisticile, in linii generale, :rle Etiinlei conternpolaue sinl: lehnicizarea 5i intlustrializarea in seusul accelertilii r,il,mului asirnillr'ii plactice a celcet5,r'ii ; anrplificar,ea aspectelor teoretice ; nrotlificalea lapoltului dint,t'e ernpiric ;i teoretic in fa- loarea tecrliei 1 formalizanea, sirnbolizanaa. Iievolutia lti- inlificfl ;i tehnologicii, a irnprimat cunoaqterii stiin!,ifire spiritul matematizirii. Apar,ifia tehnologiilor computer.i- ale a influentat evolu,tia matematicilor aplicate. Intr-un pla'n mai larg, cercetd,rile evidenliaz[ fenomentl ciberneti- 29
:arii ;tiinlei uttrtr:n7to,r,rr,, 1r.i* at{lr1liir.t,:r tl* t,ir,ir,c stiirrt L ir, apur:rt"ului lotrrc|i uiil si al lehnokrsit,i ,,;b;r;r;;l;,.;, (r-r. 1t. liiE). .titrrrlineir ct'rtcli'ii siste,ullit,c sulrlirriazir, ru:tesi- ltrteir irrlelt'gcrii llc'sir.r,li't'1.r. rlezr..ltr-r'ii ii1,,*rtir.l ii;irri"ilrrin ar*'.liztr .igurrrasir a t.utlirrlck'. tr,aris1'r,*rirr.ilorl ii;iiri.;i'a.e isi. a. ri'ig'irrt'ir i, r't'i'ruli, t,'rrip.1t,ri,,ti, ti;,- r, " i;;il.rt'est 1't'i*rrru'rr 9-+'11e'ir.1.r,rre ir.rple ,sr,hirrrir,i.i Ltr'ir"i,iiitit r'llgtt ii tttrnt lrt'ur,1,r1'. I,iri:r it, irl i.7;(.lll r 6tt.irl.tltlrt rll{,_ llll(' lll)rilltr.. rlr.ii't'inilr;i 1rt'r,l ttttrlt, p!Lti:lj i, ,.ri ,.H1111.i.,t, tltt _ {rrrlrrlrrgi. irr }r'ir irit, iirir.r'riiilrii'ii :trthlrt,tiirri,,-i,,r,}i.".i""r filrrsoliei stiirrtr^i ( ibiit ttr). i,1r'. irrrlrgirrt, rlr, ;1.*.rrrlrlri ilsrr|i.* c'.lrrt ir:i istur i,,*,. t"i1t'at'ttt'i;riiti tlntilr t'r'ilr,t'iilr' .l?.s1{ rir 7'1lt;i rr,,r11i'trrri ,) ,t),' ,,,,J ;'' 't*llt't'e'. 1'01rr 0rrtitu' tii'trit,ill.ri slr.tt(ruli lr (i!rrrrrrii Lrrnilr)(' :rirrrriiz:'li',-i lrr ir',irl{'rii rlr' (,er'{.{,1 ri] t, ibiit,t':.,; : f lrrrrlrfr'q111'f1rr' l'rrntl:llientale i se pr,ezirrli-r tt ptolil.ernd l.u .fel ,lr' lrt niltt ttterrlnlri (subl. rrs.) t,a si rratur.il lunrinii sau $ ,rlrrr il.rrliei, si rnrrlrt( <'e r'slr:' itt.l'rtt.tttu!iu (subl. ns.); ce este 'rrrro:rctt'l'r'a: (,(' (iollslituie t.0rrstiitrl.rt t'xistt'iltei; e_risti,r lr,:ri irrrrrirbik' ak. unilelsrrlui f izir. t.ar,e grrlelrreazir rratut.a rrrlortrrittitrilt (7, p. (i09). l'r,f rlt'rurrlt' stlutrtrrlii si or.gitrrizi-rr,ii r:rrlou,stcrii f t.iirr- Irlrr.t., rliferrn{ier.ea gi ilrlt'gt'at,ea t.unolrsler.ii, rlinarrrica r.,r.t it:uluj si elrrliiricului irr turrtxrsteleir stiinl.ilir[, - tenre .,t llrrlit i<lrrale" - sr, t.orr jrrgi (.u () lrolli-r r-iziune - rna,i rurlistii 1i tltr pelslrt'clivir, - r'izirrrr<'a itrfor.rna,l,ionaltj,. 'l't'rueiul lceslt'ia iI t''rrstiluic rrr'rl'fit,ih'ire r,adir.ale rrIr.rril t' irr intt'r'pletalt':l feu0rrrenului girdir,ii ufi]ane. prrlil iir rrrtxliului inteligt'r11 , 1l,t'zerr{a sa, pl.ovocat,oar.e, rrr(r'r'scr:till de nolurd utqnilirir rlirrlr'tr trirsirlrilile rnetliului rr;rlrrrrrl si r'rlt alt' rrretlinlui inlirlrrrtrlional au deterrnina,t, lrlrrrula.r'erl st'rrrrrifir:illici lolulni irr't'slrriir tlirr rrr.rrrii in re- lrrlirr cognitivir. ('urrostirrl.elt' lllililrre nll se nrtri integr.etr,zir, rrrilrr'.ri plorestrlui rle 0lriet.tir.itr,e (|r.irr a,<,1iune) in medinl rlrlrrr'*lo t'i llnr'l.iciltir si la trrurrrt,rrlelt' obicrlivi:ir.ii prin ctrrroir,ste|e-cornnlricale irr ipostrrzcle irrtt'ligeillei artifit:iale. l)t'ltlicli ale rnt'ernisrrelor r'alt' t.orrtlut, la. irrentificar,ea :rt'elor t'rrrroltirrte tlt-r nrr in:r11 rrivt'l tle irrlegr,rrlir-itale in .or'llusnl irrteligerrtei lr'1 ifit'iale <lelirr o sult'inli rr rlenrer'- slrlilor sliirr{ifit,c irr 1rr,t'zerrt si, rrr:ri a}t's,.irr r-iitor.. l)irr punt,t rle r-<'<ler.e str,rr<.1 ur.ul, opl irinile lr,olelice .rrr1t'.rrr1ril'arre irr rklrrrerrirr sir.s/irr ,i,,;tt,',i li:ico-irtlarnit- lirtttrtli rr qiildit ii utnunc .. ..()rrrul tr.et.t, trelrlai rlt, la tl qirrrlilc irrl'luerrtuli tle rnecarri<'ii si rrrct.rurisrur' -- girrrlile ('itr'(.se riltri }t'sirrrte irrt.i"i irr loatt,riornt'rriilt'- llt 0 giiltlir,e l'izit'trinfolrrralionali, nrlicii lu o girrtlit,r' irr p:rs t,rr s1 iirrtll si iehrrologiti trpocii itr tlrr,e lr.iieste.,t,t'lr sti sr.lrilrrbar.e irr lrln,tnrl girrrlirlii, tlt' lri {izit, (rrrt,t;ttrit.i lir f izir.rrirrfor..rrrir- Iiorral relrrezinli o rnututie (II) 11e r.t'il rrni rrr:lt,r, irrrlxu.- lirrtlir pcnttrr I irrlir si rrrrrrrr.u otrruirri . . .', (S, 1r. -1i). i I)in perspt'r.tiva tezelor. (.ilr'(' ):uslitr irriiuerrlll irri'or.- trtirtirrii, a t,orrrpult'_t'izirii il.suln,a rrrorlur,ilol si fotrrrt,lot. (lo orgitrlizitrct A (.er'(,etiilii, spat irrl (.()ll(.('llt rrlrlizir,ikrl r.u- lrlitrlc siritirgrrra trorttr .l'ot'ttrri iir.lut'trtrtlit.i tlr qirttlirt' 1.1, p. 1(i7) pentt'rr intele'r:1ul ar,1 ifir.iul, 1rerrtt'r ..gitrrlit.r'l rrre- cuni<'iit'. I)r'czt'rr{u, 1lar.1 r'nelulrri <lt, tlialos irrlelet.luul & tlelelrilirrrrl ,,irrtelet,trrlrlizar,e:r" ilil'olrrurl ir,ii. a t.otnurrir.iilii, 1u'rlblerrre r tr f.irr lrlirr t'xr'eit'rr1.ir rlt' tlorrrt'rrirrl lct.orrsirlelirii l'ititx'i]r:t'tiriirrnr' in gcrrplll si rlg irrr.irlt'trtii lr{llp}.it psilrg- -:rrrtir,irit:ric 1rL irrr'cllrriirl t,lrrrr,ii rrtr)tlct'tir-' ,ilit'sil ttl i.(,{.{)t- I ll li r I l, .i j,l'r,ixtl ill :1{.(.(}lulli l:{) trti ;lLrr,rrl sr,{,oiltlui .l{l - ]llitl('lii?11 !tii trriir :i ll.:iil{}ii, - sl lr;:tt t." lJ){l{'ililt{',1 t.t,:il:riirli,.tl ii_ zir';i ltl:r i ir ..t.,j, lriul,r,l.i;i i:r,,i, . :.ll:r..i {cttctil'rr r ilrti trci i,,;r f izil,a rt ri.iIrici'r, jtri'llirrltl li,lt i3t
logiei qi semanticii. R,elevanfa temei,,intelectualizd,rii" pentru discursul epistemologic contemporan derivir, dirr impactul acestui fenomen asupra l.ietii rnentale si psihice a individului care poate fi consitlerat - in mod incorect -o ,,func!,ie" qi, rnai pulin, o personalitate. Pericolul real este prezentat su^b forma teoriei ralic,- nulismulu,'i inforrnatic (9, p. 171). In contextul informa- [izd,rii rnasive datoritd, caracterului rnuncii, pe fundalul social al participirii unui nurn*r rnare de persoane irr sfera proceselor informatice, se utilizeazf, un lexic de fac- t,urii,,,ra!,ionalistii," care estompeazii aspectele particulare ale situa{,iilor ;i ale obiectir.olor. Erpansiunea raf,iona- lismului informatic ridici, insii, probleme numai in m5,sura in care se rra tlansforma intr-o sursfi preponderentfl a torm5,rii, a influen![rii lumii spirituale a omului. Diferenfa dintre atitudinea de,,profesionist" irrtr'-urr domeniu d.e virf si bogtrlia de nedescris a lurnii conrytiin{ei exprimS, o atitudine lucitld,, cl formulare cleschis'i a incre- derii in uriaqele rezerl:e ale neidentit[lii cu stereotipiile lingvistice qi func{,ionale ale unor tipuri rle activitd,li. Argumentarea validitrilii unei atitudini de ordin mental- cognitiv in fala lumii prin raportare realist[, la procese particulare, concrete ale dorneniilor tehnologiilor do vilf evit'i o extrapolare ryi sesizeazl un posibil perirrol dar rur il identificir prin zrceasta. 2. Ileterrnin{ri metodologice In conturarea sferei problematice a episternologiei informalionale dinamica dezvoltirii ,stiinfei qi a proceselor' computeliale ofer'il, la o analizi" tnai atent5,, elemente care pot determina un nou or:izont t1e cercetale. L:a ull nivel general de interpretare sesizd,m ca obiectiv rnetodoiogic organizarea cunoa;terii ;tiinlrifice din punctul d.e r.ed"ere al trans-stru,cturii in,formalionale (6, p. 104) in sensul abilitn{ii de a solu{,iona anurnite probleme cognitive si sociale si nu ca sirnpl5, corespond-enlri cu o anumitii disciplinil. Aceastl viziune se coreleazi, r-ru o altii tr[s:l- tur5, speciticX a rnetod.ologiei noilor demelsuri de cercetare : conceptul de trans-;tir,'nlti propus de Weinberg, pentlu a rnarca necesitatea unei conceplii li,rgite privintl .stiin!a ns5,;i (10, p. 180). o.) .)a , rr.uch irlorea opclir{,iottali derivatir. tlin pt'i ncipiul triurr- ,r lr.'i,rrlii inlilmrafionale o-rpritttir o atitttclirte contenil:o- r:r.rr,i rlo in[elegero a specificrtllui raportitt'ii llr ,,'ttet]uno$- r rrr,rrii " a,llat irr cimpul tle investigalie. Se afirrrtil, iLnplit'il,. rr,,t,r, rlr,.l'initolit" a cara.t'terLthti in:forlnrt.!iottul ttl 't'ttporldri'i 1,r,1 rll,ct'iilor ptl tare ltt sttgett'az',i lrtrest tltttttt'nirt1 lll at'i- trrrl, rii de tip cognitir.-ittfoltnttlit.rtttt,l in etiLllzt lt'ztliv[rii g,r,, rlr,nrolor. 'lt'mele tle t'erct'tnt'c :rpltl sult i1tosllr,zll, utl{}1" ,l r,, rl,rrli alc'irtuite tliu unitiL{i rlc ctttroir;tet'e-ittfoltnalit'. ( ll ,,r,^lrrl cunotr;telii se coustitttit', itl varjalele sale fol'rtrt' ( ,,r'r r rrle, printr-o erptesitr iitforrrr:ri, iotrirli. Srt'bit'r'tul intrir, nr ,r,1xrrt,uri cogttitir'-ilftll'rtt:ltitllta.h't'u tttt lttttttttjl ('()ii- Irr ,r, rntql'tnlrtitllal trplirttttl itt {ot'ttlir s:t cla:it'iL sltit ltritt r r r r i, r:,r,{'{'Ic ttittrlttLllc ltlt' :tt'httii:ii ittfi rt'tttltl it'e. .,^,,1)l11 geiret'ir1 al lltrlitr.'lrtltri rlc t'c<'ttttsttttt'1it' t'lristr'- rrrr ,r ;ri1:'.-1 il lt pttzinti. utrittrtt'a, cottt llletttclttalitlltrelt :1, rl0 r 1, 1;11;istlii trle ltrrrrii sLiirt{ilit'r' si tclttrit't' {itl six'r'itr'l rlr ,:*il'slletrtir-'a qtttt'r'alit'i lt i-it rlc t'itltrtltltt'.tt't')' Sr'i'ril- rrur,,'rrz-il ([1). itr t'atlr'rtl irt'estei vizitttri. ('li Pt'rtbietrit' rl, ,r,r';irrtrillitt itrr.t'stigltlt''.t tttttlt'lit'ii xrttxtrlrti irl sii Ltt'trililc l,'i r,:r',r, (irspt't'111 tlc ttl-itltir 1t'1t't'l it' t'it't t' st' tiglt'stt' sltier'- lrv i,i, in iriint'rl tehnologit'ii), irlee t'olt'lirli <'tt tteloill rir' r r.1r|.-i1 ac,til-ti din lllrltr'll paltenrnrlui 1t'ltrrologir' t'l'il.ttilt r r,il solicitl"r, pet'fttr.tniitltrt t:t:olttut'ii irt.lrtrttrtlir'i itt rilr' v trttt.n 2, p. .!$). ()lriet'1ii't'k' llt'eslcrt llcf ittest' 1tt'titt'tt it'tl- rrri,rrl|,iLrl r'ert'ct'i1ii frtntlatrtt'rttille rl sltttp tt'ttsi6ttitti, tlt" r!r ir,i,,rril'tr tI ttll()t' ltrrttiipll tir.l ittLtit'gt't't' si rlr' ('rtllollitt*c, all" 1,,'r't'irtiit't'it ttnei tt'iiltsfot'ltliLt'i. lt tttt'ttlttlitirlii t'ogttiliVtr ri ii[,n'irra.!ionrtle. l)ourr,triilc irlliltt, irr rlisfrrrtrL (.tlll(]s(1 {) ,{l,"l,",,ili,'t't'tlt'tttiri ttntitt'g't'itlit'itr 1x'otttttzirrrt'. tt air:t,t' rlitl^,,,iilt.i,1i irrsrrlrrrolrtrrllilt' tlilr ltlttl.lttttl -'-' rrpitt't'tr1 liIsil rlr, ,r r,rrt'aIro -- tl1 s('llsLllLri tlirr stt'ttt'ltrlilc ;tiirrlil'it't' irt tt'it' 1,,1, i,.:.r". lllrr.ile itrtr:r'ogalii S{t uits('. itrsi, rlttlta ttr't't'[ttit,l't'rl rprr',r i.l,1.itt'i llosilrilitil i. ( rrr jutt<'tilL rlitll r'c t't'k' rl6li lttlrri rr,ln' iltt{'a;t-t^l'ii - - ('trl! tttliilttit, l)()s(rs{)ill'c ;i t'ttlitttlltltr tlt' i'i(,lilili tt,,i,rt,e si t't'ii lt'ltttrlltlgit'i t'41'(' ol)('l'(':rzit ('tl asltcr'tehr lin'ilr,r,1e ale crtttoir;tr:r'ii -'tlelet'trritri-t itt t'irrtlntl t'tttto:rstelii .i t,i. lttitutliuii fil0srlfir'o-tttt'lrltlt.rkrgit'o allali{i:t .ttrtot' ill- irti.;,i,li.eseIIliitl(), titr nritrittti intt'glirle ir strbictrlt-tltli ittt.r'-o (,{}ll.t,trr)vcrsi-! .sitnilal'ir l11r'pprtl ttl ilot' isttlt'iei cugctilii tllltal}{"' Sql lt"fortnUlertz.i lettrelc- ftttitllttntlntClor', i}lo ittttrrrlCit't'ii gilr,iralui cat'o il t'lltczal si t'rrrezt it1lilr'erlt 'itttlxtl.riv:r'" liur:.',l..iilor salg legi,si pr"gcrptt'rlg iltr['gt'r't'si le('ottsl tttt'l it' i r**tului ;i irrr:igirrirr.utrri. l,r'tr:r.lllinril t,rr.al it'i ;l iinlifi($ I I I 1 i { i -.r lj$il r).,
olrier,tivillc la rrivt'iril sislr'rnt'ior, tclinitre zr c,oittlusrl;'i o <'t'izir rrrt'lotloLrgit'i, la lrle<loat'ii in lor.nl stiinlei (,oti:; rtrli: lx)r'l^lne gt'trt'r'a.1oar'('il'ullor irrcer,iiltrrlirri ,.tlt'(.I'este].r.'r.,, I rr plrrrrtrl :tt,1ir i1ir1ii (.orrr.r't'1e, rruttrl ut'eu obiet.l j.,,ellrr epis'Lerrrokrgit'i irrfoltrr:rliorralt' r'e1rlt'zin1 ir l.lr.itutte prt.trilrl rrrorlttl t'urrr ct'r'r,r'1 irt0t'tri urtliui (,iil,rr f il ol)ot,ll t,u sislet .,*:le itt frit'rrru t iorurlt, rrrl orrral e isi rlt'slisoar.ii trcl i i'itn1 i'lr rle, r€.r.* ('e1 irle siill al' 1t't'Jxri si o lealizezt'. llolul asis1t.rr1.ei r, rt1,o- rrrate iri (.t'r't,t'1 aleit sliirrtifici si lehrrologit.ii, sti.a1 r,l.,rtre, 1t'luiit'i1e rlt' <.elt.ctrrle, llrolo(lele, crit.isticile 1r.el)ui(' .; fie riltl)lc, rrrolrile, trlltulrilt' rlt' rrrotlificir,i rlirr l)et.si)(',(.i,tvi{, t'rttrslienlizirii l'aplulni r.ir levolllliir (.ornl)ltterirrli rrr*t,;,, iu-[ Irtl IItnnlii o irrtcgt'ule ilc noi leirnologii, r,i :i o ittlr+.: tyre rlc rii.l'r't lte tilturi tle itt.fornalic (1J. l). 2$ii). Itr <'trrllul l)l'ogtlulrriltri rroii t'lrirtt,rrtologii, rlirrlolt,.,rr- 1r'r'tlist'iplirrrrt'st'rlt'sfiisoali irr vt,tleleti atitrger,ii olleirii- vttltti t'r'rr1r'al al intt'lt,gt'r'ii lrr;rlrldi'ii ltrorr.trIot't'ttr1t,t.,,ittt:. !['t'itrrologia inl'onrtr.liorrnlr"r ricyirr<' birzlr urrci rroi leirrrr,i,lgii itrtelet'ttrtrlc itr (:ilt'c cllnoirstclt'ii 1t'riletit.ir si lc]inieiie gnle rpt'r'ifit'c (tlt' t',retrr1rlrr, illtllizit sistt'rrrt'lor.. llt'()g'r,iill,r1,lroil lirriulij si leolit plobairililitilor') rlevirr dt't.isir i' irr }trr,, €r{u} t'orlilicirlii <,uuoaslclii lr,orctir.i' si ul r,ealizirr.ii irrerr;,i,iei stiirilijice si lchrrite (l;i, 1t. 7l -;;). iJ. I rrivorsrrl reconsirft'r,iiritror 3.1. lloclificar-cii conltiintci mr.to.krlogicc a itj,rrel Stallirrl t't,r'orrsitlolililol riirr t'pislr.rrrologiii (,()11,:-, ou- la,tri oste 111'fs1'111i11x1 tie rrrodil'ir,ililt' t.lrlt' itu sn1.-,,,ni1, a,1it lil trilt'lrrl r ir'1ii sliirrlifit.t' r,it sj jtr slcltr sjslt,ri r_rjc)t: 1r'litrict'. irr litcllrtrrr'.;t (.ollsil(,1,r1:-r lrccslei ltnrlrlernalir,i rrs1t,. r,ull- lirritli, crr t'lirliltlt', rit'r't'si1a1eir rrrrei rroi r-izirrrri in1r.rllr.,ii,{rii 1rt' nr0tlif it'i"rlile ,.t'er.0lu1i0ilirr.t"t irle elior,ii : ..1)at.li el,:I, lirirrrt'i I'r'r'olu1 ii jrrduslr'itrle lr rhrs la <itrrelslrlt,ll l:r1rr 1111.. l'ilol rlirrlr'e snbiet't si olricr'rrr srrpurrinrl sulrit'r.1ul ,Jrjr,ll lui. orrrul rleletrirrrl rrrr 1t'l <le r'-rt'<luturrl ,1.} ,, rrrnr1r,:i-fil -'-ri rrrasirrii, ('t'r,r, rllat'ilor.rrrrrtirtii irr stiintli si tellnirir.,era <'r'lei rlt'-lt dorur lt:r-'hr1.ii inthrstt,iltle r.a dut,e Ilr t.,,!Lo,u& 34 il: 'r .,irr(' ir I irlx)rtllt'ilor tlitrltr sttlrit'trt si tibict'1. t'r.:sti1'rtirrtl ,rr,, .lrr rlirrrerrsintrt'il sit l)icr'allitri irr t'ontliliilc l)lil)liti l{'- q r, ,1,rl intlttstliitlc, t'1 r'etlelt'tlirttl , 1lc urt lillrtr sttpct'ilrl', .l .r, rn r u l rnirsittii ttttlrlt't"rte. st i'r pirrul plollt'i tllrti si tt tie-.1 itt" rl t, 1r 'J1). rrilr. opl,ittrii alt' c'luttrLttil irl ii t'elt'ctitoliLrl ll lrttl asl ft'l ;r,.,' 1i'rric rlirL pclsptltivtr trrttrstit'rti-iz:.rl'ii st'lritrlllillii ('ll .rt rrlirrr. trtt'lotlologit'r't. I)ltdrtlttjir 1tt'tttt'n o itlilrtriilrc t'ti- Irr r itsillllil, lr,itnologit'i. [)rilltlu o islttlit' criti<'i il l{'ll{)- rr,, 'rliri 1r']rrroiogit'contttt'c:tzli irlltlt gctrel'iili tl ('il(lillllli lr, .,iico-leot'e1it' tlt rttrillizit t'lt lititilillitl ltl lil{'1 (r(iologil'i l.', r r.lrrl lit'{ii sot'iitli'. -rl. (,ulll sirlrlirri:t Il1'rt l)ritouitrr',,,[)t'tt1r'tt :t l'i illr'- 1,.,,,r,, lrilircrr, lr'lrttit'i, Ll rt t'it'r'i ('t'('illif ii t'ottltilritli sliiirlit , i ', '';r,. ?ll(' lrr''{)it lit' tllltr,t'lltt' l'rllit'tI rlii't'l'itt' tit' :ir'l'lt'lt .r', ','r,"1i'i ;tiitrtr"' (li, ]l. -1 1l). t'r'r'siliiii';t tttlli ttoi I i' , : rlii'ie1c rle iutt'ttiltlt'r't'i'il tr'lttrrllorlit'i ittl'ot'tttliiit'i'(':lir' {..r . ..irrteglltiilittt'lt si tlt'st,t'tttt'irlii:ilt't'lt itr :tilittt iiiil"' :l .,, iui i:r. l('nullrit?r tt'zi"r rr lui ]lrirslrlrli ]lr'l,rtillut pi ir-iltrl ,r,r ''rrjttl'' (Jri('ir('i tehrtologii t'itt'r'iitst'lttttttr"t .t'lti:ltlrrilt':t ri, ', ,,rltl iu vilrlrt slrr'iiLli i1ii, p..{1. rilr'slt'rigrtlr itLittt.ll rlg yr^rlr'rr'('l):iltri sirrlt.lir.tliLlllt- l.i:lr.r'lut,s-tttt plrrtltl. ill t'1rrtt':t t'olt1r't,t1rtll'ltllit: i) st'ltilll- irrr ";L fitirtlilntt'lrt('i{}t' ii'ctttit't' l-Lli' t it'tii irrlt'lt't'titalrr {rlis- l: r.r ur lilltn istrtt'it' ittltt' siiittlrt .,t'llt.,rit'i" ;i l]i('llti)li- lrr,i,.,), r'nguitii'rl ('ottlcitlltotrttlt): j) iltttotlillt'tt'lt ir'iiJirr- l,,g'i irrl'otrnutit't' l)llt1ii1{,itt'f' 1t tlitlli 1l(}ll lil('s:1.i. -cr'"tlt r(' ..1)lilni lltr'{ial itr l'rtzt'lt' siil(' ittititl[r'. ilt 1r't lttt']ri 'r,'t'11- rlr tr,:uri ,tll)i('cLttl1ti tr'tii'tir': st'lrlttilit,ltliilt' lilultil)l(' lltl ;-1 rtt't't'silrilt' iir lrlirtlittiit' i'',1 iIl)il!:tttt1 tiii'lrttloiogit', < tt !r i.'ti (ir.' r'r'itlt'ii si ttttivt't'sttL i'ttttt'i'ltittitl t'.':is{t'ttir'. lfjitrl.:i rr"lr i,rri. ltul{)l' lli attt}rt'Lrt' trrotlilit'it'i litriit'ltlt'. st'sizt'ilzi r r,i-r';, rtir t'h.rl tlr,' tlii'it'trl1 lt1 t', lit't itlttirlri l)('ll1 l'tl t'tlttsl it'lt1 i- zrli,..i, rt'r'ottsttttt'1 it'i 1r'olr'1 ict'. l'ttttt'1t'ic tlt'r-ctk'l{! iIl'l'tl- l,1,:f iir.{'. t'efct'i1olrlt, llt t'r.tttoticlill('it ('on('('lrluirlii il lill)lii r rrilrrtiilrlti (,on-{'l'g irr ,:ttslintli';t tolttltti tir^1t'r'trtitt;rtr"L lll str,irr:;t'i si iilosoliti : .,ltr iit't'llt,ri iirrrp, gintlit't'il rtsttlltit i.r';;,;,)11.;g-it'i titt ('s1('sttlit'.ii'rrti. llt'lritrtlo.qirL lr'ut'1itit'i i'tt- ir(,,;i,;)i.(,1'('it ;tiirrt'ifit'i ;i trli'elll}ieirz:t ;tiittllr 1,'r'rrt rll I eiili- ztrri"'iL tlr' tL0i ilnt'11.t" (liil' ('il Ittt t's1r' sill'sll tlil('i l'izirtlr i i{,1$i.ri}r'11 iuiltii (,rlt'o :-rl"t, t.ltVrLttst'zt' i Iattsl'oIrtt'itl.ilt' l)c (rill'o lrrr,r;,ri t:t itt-qisi It' itrtLutt'. .-tttttrut.,sfiialrt 1i .lilttrlfi'r' ltrtt tr!'a1; 1'f,.'.,3 {1,9(tttptlt't.t, i'i:itlrrr'" (s. 1r. :i1:i). ')j)
lr liler':rl rrli'r se t'x pr'irni <it'r.i loinl gr,'rit'r'lrlizr'iri1,,,,. a1u, irivt'l lilosof it.. r.a o rrtt.t,sil:tlc irrlt,r'ni tr lurrrii 1r'hrrolr:r.l:'i,rur, itt ltto<'esrtl i'alot'jzijrii sltlc sor,jalt'. 1rr'irr tlt'pi;ile:t rri;.1,r,r.i- t,n1t'i lt'rrsilt,krl rrrirsulitle urrilal (,l itl (l(' lt'gile rkxur.l .;ului .it'lrtric. 'aiirltrlt,ir at.t,irsla l.rolerrlilrli aslririr Iil intr'gl;;,:r,tlil, ,ttl1 ('rr1 ir'li itr lutrrt,lt orirrrlui lrlirr pt'r's1rt't.1 ir.ir, sirrer.lu,l,ir:ji l)(' c,ar(r o olt'r'ii f iiosolia lrr lir t'lul gcuelirlizlil,iiol si rllil- lizt,lor salt' sislt,llal i(,(,. Lrr rtrorlul ar.t,slll, lt,inrrilogiil. r:hial tlaci rru rrsle' i)r.l!.- litlolu'r' tlt' filosofit r.ti alllr'e, llu s('t't'lrlize:rzir tlr,1rl,.i . in Ittttrt,lr st.trsrtr ilrir' 1i tl r alor'iir)r, ulnane tlee it pr,itr sltl)1Ir)ljJ.ea Jr.tti tlt' prirrr,illiilt' rrrt'tlitalici si iltet'itlctir,ii l'iiosrir lle : ..1'-ilosol'iit e s1 r'irrs irrtr:r'r.rileltrli't cir rli-st,iplirrt'ltr inl'lur,:.,i ,iiat.t' tle t'urrrpr.itttizilr'r'. l)a s1urliazir asllt'r.tt.lc orrlologir:r:. t:'1,1()- scoltisict. ;i llrkx'it,e alc proc:tsrrlrri <rorrrltrrtcrizir.r.ii,,ila, ltritlizt'itzir irict't lrrir"irrrl r,onrpult'r'izitlctt t.t l't'nornen ri,t)jo- r'rill rrlal'' ( 1, l). l 1|9). llai rrrrrll rlt'r.i1 alit. st- lolrrrrrL'irzi lrlrtloirr.ii llerrtlli .t,l':1"- laltra [1 iirrlt'i irrlirrnirllici irr i t'rlt'r't,a spor.ilii (]ultoa,,.,i()l,ii" itttt,legt'r'ii ,.i itt!dcltt:iunii. I)rrlrir r.rrnr sr,t.(.lru'(.1-r ilr llr- t'r'iililc rle eregt'zir, irt corifttrrrtitrea (,u Illlnlel,oitsept,ol,ilr*lre tlitt :tf ala ;l iirrtt'i. irrclusir- t,elc' <,ir1e itnlrlit,li, ap)i,r';r,r'ea s1 iirr1,r'i a'('lu t)el-oie rlo iltr'lt,pr.itnre (1n'it.r'1rt'r'e) Illi r.ytllll tlet'.i1 rlt' lrtlt'r'irr'. Slrrtliult'a rrl ilizirlilor. inlortrral.it:i. ,r!!rl- fr'tirrtal'err <,u llolrlerlitli(.?r sir irt'1 t'rogerrir lle,buiu rii se Iucri ittt t'-o rrurlit't it irr{t,lcalrtl't, irr opiriit uno}. u.1 1,'i}r.i r'e[)l(fzentillir-i ai <.orrrunilir{ii itrlclct.1 uir]t' (10, p. .ltii. I'?i,r,- licillr;tleil filrsofit'i si klgit,ii lu 1u'uet.lrrrrrl cltl r,et.orrstr,',:,;t1.ie i ltlalecl rtalii - <'a sist errr tic left'r'irr1r, l eolel i<,e - +)$1,r) *tstfel accenl tra,t li irr lit (,r'ill ul lr rit, spccialilal t' : .,Int.r:}ii';l {,ir, rtt'tiliciaLi t's1 c asliz.i o t'r,lrli1ti.1 t'1t'lrrrir.o*inrluslr,irr,lii, gi ;l iirt! if it'o-tt'olet it'ri rlt' r.at'r' l'ilosol irr si logit,ir, l rtl.lurr. s;il !irtit, srratnil" (l7, p. 26f)). ('onsliinlu irlilurlinii fikrrorlice irt tlitlalea problenl('l()I' irrlblrrrrrliei t's1 e t,rltlesiu 1rnlli Jll'oie('t ttretorlologit' t'iglttos eryrr irttal 1l'ilintl leol'jir !.r..xrrr- ]'rll'i:r infolrrrn{iei (.tlr'('r}rr cs1 r'rri<.i eu posillilii flr,i ,r, vi- ;:iutte f ilosrrfit'ir il-rrplrl. lrrnrii irr (.ilt (, s:"r st, r.rrllrirr<1ir, ;i :,iluI itt{ctltrratiei. Se rlesr'liirle irr 1:r!a noirstt'i rrn florrl i,rlr,:'t,e Iulg fiLrsol'it: 'i stiin{il'ic tlt lrrr:rlizi si inlclprt'1*rr (S). ln stlucl nlil f(,llolll(,rrrilni (,orrt])u1 er,izirii intrri ,1i rrrs,rti- ltlirrelc ttrrtatristr', t.t,r't.t'tlrlt.lt {jirrtl r-rriurtall'1, ilr tlil,erli.,i:l ittl,elprel,lirii <,onset,irrtelor'.;rulurrritlizl'rr,ii activitirlii lli{fl..i,n,le il oulilhli. (.'al'e pr'(''e(le ..lrtr cxr,lurlet,r'lr liri rliti a(lest 1)I.jrues. jl(; ,r rli-llilittilt':l olttittrit tr lutrttiilol' iltt't'tt ottl 5i iltir;ittitt r l,y. l)irectirr de irrlet'plt't:tl'tr cill'() s-it ltttts1,i1,rtit, pr;lt1e f i , rrir('lt'r'izt1 ii pljltlr-olcla,Jie'lliutiivtlt:ii tlirllntttcl tltr-rretlet'r' rrrr.lorlologit : irrlr'ttsilit'trt'a trtlt:ulizit,r'ii stiirr!ei ;i telrrricii lrl l l)ll1 t.r.t'lor.. rt inteligen{ei at'l ifittinle irl 1tx.r,1 rl rlottltrlriilt' r r r l o l r r nr t itii. prtlalcl r'u t'-r t itrtlttt'ea posilrilit ill, illl t'llllIltt'l- t cliz.ilii. itrfot'rtratiziilii sliin!elr)r' lllrlanil a,]'c' ( ) st,t'it- tle t'r't't't'tiili rle pl'esligiu lctrlizale itt lltl'tl rrorr:1r'i lr'k't ri c'it : ..-1iltti1in, irrl.trligrlrr{ei a'rtil'it:ialt' t'irlit'ri lr ulr lrlart nou ploltlt'trr:rt.i('a' olllllhli. Nlr'tulil (luprili(l(' 1,,r.ilrilil'lr1t'il (l() rt 1it'orltt<'t'irrltligcrr!i, 1lt('ilsti.I str tlrlvtrt'le;trt' rlr'ir li o ptoltliciitlr' irt.lot'tttlrl.irltralti:l, ltlIol'sl,r'ttrlltu'i il.t- l,rt'ntirli()rllile. I):tt'ir irrlot'ttla!ilt r'ste atiL tlo itttlxrtl,lrtrli, ;rrll'r'l i'ltttt t'it Iri st'tlt'zlliluie itt :t t]rtrla, jtttrtitl,attl tl, sc(roltlltli . cslr' tle aslel)1ir1 ('it t'rt'ttltstii' ltol.illlle xil itrflttt'lt1er.t' rrrr rrnnuli vizirttrert tto;ts1 t'ii. sliirrl.il'ir'i, tl:tt'1i r:t'll' lillrsofici r:ul)r':l lrtruii'' ilt), p. 1,lr-t(i). Itlol.rlertur r.t,ia1.it,i olrr-(:alcllh,lor. r.r.llrsliluie un I'entlrtt,ll Irorr irr .yislrli ttl 1it'r,liltmr:lrtr qltha,kt lt.le t'tlttferrllxrt'ltlltril:"t1.ii. 'l'r'httologia irrlirt;rrul1.it'ir f6r'gtttletr.z.'i s(:()l)lll'i sii str,r'r;itri ;n'itr- u'ipitl ltti irt t'elc tprri rlil'trlitt' sfttltl nltl at'1ivitir,{ii tl}lril'tle' Sri rnrxli{it'l-r irlealulile. ttttt'}ttt'ltr, sl,arltla,r'tl<'lu (r(}l'('e1il'ii stiirrtil'irre : s(' s(,hitlilri, rle !l.s('ltltrl(,i1,, t,ottti,ttrrlul, ;t cr,,n- s1i'rrr'.1i4 utnsliiitlei nttlttiri,rLgit'r' rt, ;Lii.tt!.t:i (20, p. !1)0), rlr'- o;u'e('e. tlupir t'rtrtl ('ste (llll()s('111,, pl'(-tt('s(rlc rltl exlr'llsirtrtt' :r tnttc'{iilrti' so<:iitle r}c ;l iintt'i s(r rtfpel'(illtt'azit, lrtll cl'rlir' lr suJlril corrl1t iintci pt'olxiei sale irlt:tl1 i1r"r!,i (21 ). Altaliza lululni llr'1 orrtiui ltlltitll irr crtttlc-rttrl 1lt'rtlr'lt'- lrratierii glofuaie irr t.61t.gr'dtrn!.i gu 1n'ilrtipirrl sislt'rtitlltti 1tt'r'nx.ineilt tle 1t'fe1itt1 (' ll(l l)(rl ltlil,o 16rrslil1'lt'l'ea' lri ;rl'o-' blcntcle gloltalc itrlri in gtutttlt;1 clc, Iogic'i"l tsi istolie (!:Jt" Iiealit ltt t'lt, cct't'r'l rr lii r'ottl. itre pl't)l)l(rtl telo i trt cl'lult ilrlri i 1 ('ot'ie-Ill'ac1 iciu inlr'-o ]totlit peI'slxrol ivii, iltt.tlrpt rltir'livi-t ge- r'el'atii; in prt'zcnt. rle trott{e,rt,uL <lettlt't'"slllilor. tlesfir'5uttttt' rn Ye(ielea rea.lizirlii colnplllel'izirlii globale (2lJr p. 4ir{}1' JJeci nu. rrutllai reflt't'ti:l socirr-1lolit,ic1"l, il'r'e ('lt, o!)i('('1iv pl'oblenlc glo'bale, tltrr ;i (iunoarctert'tl' poirte tltrvtltti r) alill'(l ,-qarcintl peiitlu crjtrmliialen ;1.iirl!,ifi<lir' Depitisirezr' rrirllntllti r'ognit.it-- st.r'icl, eslc lele'1r1, tltt t:trrcet,alea, t:oltlcll-lpol;11]i cai:e sus{ine ci : ,,ln ploltlertra eriteriilorqi ralol'ilor.t'os- nit,ive tot nra.i tcirl pusir, t'pisterrmlogii tk'mrlttstlcaz'il .r.'r"t opliurille olnuhli tler ltiinJii ies irl ull,irnir, instau{I,- tirrr cidrill eiinoa;terii puie, t'aporl.indu-se Ja isl,tlri:t, r:tlllrtt'ii ;i c,iviliza!iei orrte'rre;ti" (24, p. 1l)'1). )7
ilr .,ltrJrllt rlc ntal('t'ii" lr sliirrli:i aontellrlx)r'iltre sirLt itr't't'ise: lr.lttt.lt' t'i11g1'11.'lizilii sliintli. r'cl'olrilr rliscipii- rrt'lrir'. iltt'r'plctlilelr (rel('i rlt'-rr --ir I cr-olrrt ii infolrrru{ irr- ttill(', s{'lltlri{it'atiili'tlittrctr:.irrrrilol qtroscologi(,r'si -irlol.i(.rl irle (,olupll1r'r'iz',"rr'ii. 'lrliarrtele rle tris1,r11i15 *,' jrlenlifit,i ['11 ]rol (]l'i('ittirfi lertlctit.t : accsttir ili)itl. (.ir lcll(lilt1(' (,iri,t st irrrpurr rlt..jir irr r'llistcrnolrigir' 1l,irr rlt sr.lrirlt't.ilc s1lr.t: :triolrrgit' si arLt I oixrlogit' (iltidr',ttt,), s1n e ltr.axioiogi:r t'r'lL- .[u:riir-i (li. ir.-11) 1). liclile in sl'l'r,lr r.orrrutrili{ii rli'irLler,- l)l ('tiu'l' trcr't'sillrtelt t'ftr.1uat'ii sl uliiiLrr, lu.ivirrrl rlirlerrsiu- rrilt' asiologir.t' lrlc inl'olrnirl jt'i (?)) si <.olrrlxlretitit r-iilolir,i, iL r:oruprrt<'r izit'ii ({. 1r. 1f)i). trlrPrt'siil ,.iirl'oltrratia-t'csrrlsi s1 r'u1 t'gir.i'f a licut crli- (,1 ir. lrlr,lloutlt'r't'rr1 l)r litrirt 1t<lsilriiitirl iLrr, rrurtcr.irrlc 11t, irr.irrptrLir (', :ul)l'illi('itirrtl r-lloill ('it ('(,o1r()lrrir,i si l)(' ir(,1.'e i1 polilico-llilrLrrrurti<.i. l)csi sulriirt.r'rr1e, st'rrinilit.itiiilc s1 iirr- i il'ir,r"r si lrrioklgit,i uu lost .,rrrrrlllilt"' tlt' sl r r"rlucril't'u r-alclL- Iclol olx'r'lrliorrirl'cvitk'tr1r'(r't.otrorrrir,t') siriL rnai tlisr,r't',t +, t 1l riil ito-rl ipJorrrll ic'c). -alolleit irrl'olirritl it,i s(, irrsc.r'it, irr r,irc[t.rrl iulitiiz(,]()1. r'iLr c 1rr'ii-est', itrt r'-o t'orrf igural.it rlual l, t'rt trl ilrttlr.r rlc i tt- "lr;t'tttrrlit', ('orr('('l)1 ('()irtrll':it irrai lrrr t0r'rrit. irIirr e,t,ncztj si i-lolit.irr rrrrirrit,t'lr li,lrrrir'o-t'r'urronrir,i ;i t.ttrlttrrt,trt.itr.lrtr- itrrtliri (rrrr irr plirrLui I'irrrl cr,orrorrriri ). lrotr,ivil ultoi. r'r'iit:'ii :rsioklgit,r'. S-rrr; t'r'lrliilu Iu rrrorlul l<,ostir saltrLl rle illr r.trl1 ul irrlolrna{ici la lrulrlizu vrrlrr,ii i)r'ez{'u1t', rlllr,. rrriri itlt'., lrotetll,iltlt ll itll'ril'llrlt1,ici. (litrtliilLli'it rle irrl.r'rr*r1it. :rl i.1:rt't'r'rig('lllt'lt' tll:r)1' l)lt){'(,st, ttt itt t. ll tlll{)l' t.,rtrstilrlut i rrri rrrl llric irr lrrrrrrnif i ltiilirrrrtrl r'i. 'aLrat't,ii si cl'alriitlcir, irrlorrrnr{ iti irrr vtlil'it'ir irr prirLtiqrrll trc.cstrt r,oot,rllrrLrrlt. r,i iit'r)l)lllt r.rr. :i t'ir1t,gi1' o ul il urlitrr' 1lr)ui in {iit,ll vit.tu!.ii 1'or'- rrritlir't' :r irilolrrrirtit'i in lrllil)li1l'oil lli rrr<'rlirrl jnleligcnl. .trrlrlil ir,ur t.lr sl'r'r't'i plol.rlt'rlral izunl r' rr cpistt'rnolouit'i, ro1..l;1lri ttl rtritliztl(',lr,ilr1r'trrtir.l('it llrrr.i lilosolii:r 1,,11111- icgir"i sLrlrlirrirrzi t,i ,,. . . cl);s1('n)o1()s-ia t,i(licr"L pr,ob['rrrt 1r;1it't', scrrt:irriit't,. t'ogt1i{i1'r', trrciotioiogit,c. orrlologil.i', ririolrgit't' si t,tit'r"'. (5, 1i. i l7). lrrl'$r'rna1 iri, iu'e rtrerrirtlr si irrstit rric rLtl pr.ilrt.iltirr rlc ltlLrlut'iiate pt' t.oolrlonatr' n1o{[e11ro. Inlrrirrr trr.gttnrcrrlrrl t',rii'ldt'ii i tt.l'ot'tLrrliri tit t'tt.l'rtrntu!ie tr ntnne1., irr |r'irtml r.in11 1';' 1111{i111' "i ot'giutizttt'r'. Utt 'tlitt(, l}l()('(,s lr itctt'sillr iri.li- { rri;'ciL iitiiri cult'nt trxtYelgcnt getrc|lrl t,lt act tolrst.i(rili_ 'rir' ,lrlerrtif i(,iti'rl 1r. infolmit1, ici rlrLp:'t tlitclii ){e-ct'e xpl,r,if ire :rit,t't"i ruuitirului : rrorltillt', ot'igirltlitalt' si oltlitrc itnrlurrl I ., l,r i()r ilirt(' tllttiirlii itt lltttt:escle tit' qtll('zil a itil'otltlttlit'i: r;r;ror'ltrl rlittlt'e lolltttleti, ('tt l'('ztl]ttl1 itl l)l'(]('('s:'-llii si trtitt- r:rI{,ir ('il t ezttllal lrl itt tt'kl' llttlitnc tlt' e tttttlitllt't't' (tlitrlerr ' irrrri rrlc rnrt'i troi elit'i a r'trltor'1ului orrt-t'alt'ltl:l1tlt'iti olrti- rr,'r'r'rl "i 1'tttrt'liotirtt'r'lt ittlot'trrtlit'i); 1lrr1t'r'tti1it1t'it ttltliitiit rl lt tnu'ului alt'iltrit irr l'rtzit 1lt't't'otirlmtt'titrll'r tiirr ittfrlt'tltrr.l ii rll ruilttt'i"r ttttiattir, iitl itt fazit r'ttttrlltrtet'ittlit, tiilt itriorrrr:t{ii r r r l lorluse pe ('al(:tllrrl tll' ; itl'ltlonizitt t'it, t'oI'clltt t'il l iprtl ilru' ,lr,irrlolruitlii ob{irittle itt fnttt:]ic tlt' i'lttlonll lttetlottlitlli;t1 l:r nivt,lul sltrttrtritii 1t'z-trltlrtltti - t'ictiretrlttl ulltilll tlt',:r1l- t.irrllt' si et-ltlrtalt' lr itrl'ot'ltrir1.iei. 3.2. llcsajul eiristemolrgici socirllc Il] li1('r'iltllli se l'rtt'tttttlt'trzi prttrt'1e rie r-r'tit't'e i'at't' lt'rt- l crtzir l cttrit .,rpi,slr tttttlrtrlit'i srrirrlt'tl itt tlrluit' 'il]'jlillt(' jtt1t'r'- prr'1it1ilt'('tt ('ilt'a('lel ittt'lotloLrgit'. ll1tis1t'rtrologia sor'i;tli t,sl1' ,, trtctorlii ltt'rt1tlie. tlt'zr-oitltli rle itrfol'tlralit'l't i!{ir p. ){i7) ; eil it l}itr'(' ('il tttt ittsl t'utll('llt I)ellt r'{l ot'gltttizltlt'll, si cottl r'olrtl 1t'ztttu ttlui t'rtttoaslet'ii tllll?lll(', sltlislit'itrri rt :t,r'it' tle ttotc otr)ttrt1iottalt' ltltt tlelttet'stthti ittfotrttltl it', irrr-ersitrrlu-se. tle l:t1lt lrtitt ltt't'as1.a, r'tlx)I'tlll l'('tll (lilllI'(' lt'le rlortii tlrlrrrctrji rtle t'et't'etiit.ii. I')pistertto|rgilt lllt l)o:11(' :r('('('lltN 1ol1l tle ?t se i(ltlllifilil t'rr rttrll tlill trlelgrlt'le ittlor'- rrr:r1it'ii, ea, oleli rttt t'tttlt'tr ttlt'lotlologitl lf,tlnet'ltl t'rl t'rrl rrlientatir' ;i yrt'rr1r'n jrrlolrrratjt'ir,. ilt set'ia t'r'ltlnitr,ilot'irtleIt'stlrrlt'el)is'l('lll()krgiit srrt'iitli st' itrst:r'ie t'a o lertlitlitii rl(' il tltrliitsi slarlittl t't'tt'i'1i-ttilert' ',tti<'ro alt' t'llislettt(,16giei su|itrc1 j1g irrrlilitlttale (slltrlitl t'tl itttlelutrgate atliiliz('eft'ttttate) l)t'ill1l'-tlll statliu rle trivt'l tn(u'ro.--cesl tr t'olesprttttle zrnirliz('lof itrlt'r'a<:l.itttrilrlt' rlitr so('ietat(l si rttetttttt'iei t'xctstttttllt i<:tr. itt callrul l.eot'it'i folntrtlale tlt lelr'elirtolii Jeesc Sllctil si llargalet }lgarr (2?, p. 135- ll3?), cpisl,enrokrgin.sot'i:tliu. tlsle tlefinitir, 'tlrept .,slntlielea a'c{'lol ln'o('ese. 1u'irr ' ;rlefi Stiriefatea (.ir utl inll,eg se ple0tllpit s','r rlolrilr(ltlts('il ,tlf per.spertilit sau o lelrrlie iltelig'ibiltl ftr(ir tlt' trrerliul arrrl-ri;rti.tI totai-f izic, psihologic ;i inteletlual" (ibidair). lJt'-i ftrt-l rrrulatii Ia, inceputirl deceniui.i VI - 'ct'io?r4i tie tlelrlrl. il el'ei infolntal-it'e? ('o1l('elltiil aceirsta, II'irt ]liz.uilrl a ttrtei lterspect,ire asult.a rl|etliului itrteleclrrrrl, ]]l'r]lrtlll(, tlt'st lLl- ilerei urrei snill' tlr, llr.oillt'ylc) rllirj()r'(r alt' lurrrii lliirl'('i'.1i"r . t,:.l
dc <liltol.orrriile irrlrotluso t1c ittfollrr:rtir,i : nrtrrtili - lre- rnrnta,l, itrttrligenfir, nal;ttlalir -inteligrn!'il altificialii. Su- ge;tiilc folnnilirttr tlc Sltera si llgarr t'otr{in intlicttii privinrl corrtrenl,r':rxfa, lx! rrnriliza lroduct'r'ii, rlislr'ilruilii 1i utilizrlr'ii protlustrlor irrt,elecl,uale, itt rnotl siurilat' r,rllelierrtci tle 1,1'1"c6rla.L(. pc (lilr'(f corrrrtnil:t1r'a;liirrti{ir'ir a tlobirrtliL-o din cer'(re1;:u'(ra plorhtselor rllatcrirlle. l)alirltlt tliulr't' nroclul tle ptorlutrl.itr in sr.rrs r.crxtornic ;i t't'l irr sr.rrs intcler'1n*l de- {irrr, rk.sigtlr', forl,a, sugeslici ,,solirlilir1.ii" llnol' ti1.ruri tle a('l iriliil.i rc('os?u'c, <kr rrrrtritn'i irnltot'1arrl'i l)cntru lialir srlrriilll"r. Sallttl rit. 1u rtivt"lttl intlivirlrtal lit tcl sot'i:tl ll curxr:rsterii st iirrl if ice (f?1 olriot:t rle slrtrliit. rrt'ct'sit,attrl urrri irrra.gini gLrlxrlt in lrlatrul lefleclit,i sc r-ct'if ir'ir r'11 a('ui- [:rlr in lllezt'rttul infotrtrttiz:rt t'alt' t orrft't'ri lroi rlirrrensiruri sot,ializiilii t,rtrro':rslr.t'ii si t'I't'a{ici ull}i{nr...[ilri"terrrologiir. tr';,.[1r ,,s{r('iil,ll"r" irr sonsul att'crrtutilji r'alut'1t'r'trltri irrteltlis- t iplinar', ltl ampli{ic'Xrii rrrci:anisrrrckrl sislcrrrnl rti rle inter- relrr,i,ii, it1 tnnstiurli.idt'f'l i'i:itltii dr rrttsqurblu rlsul)r'i'r, ('tt- it{)ir,st,(}r'ii si trertrctt"rlii cotttt,rnpolit irt,. ljs1c o t'iristcrrrolo{itr lr socia,lttltti prilr rrxt,t'lttrlir rr sot'itliziil'ii lrar'l,itl zrtttolrrrllc (irrlolrrra.tirre) rlirrrir 1lu a a(teLu' rle t'ttrroasl('r'(' ('tr il1ale. t'tt o ittrttutit,ir cvirlctitii. il I'ezultalclol'rllcstrrtrt. lt lr'r'eptlilii si rrsirrrililrii trulroastet'ii irr t'otiit'-r1e t itrlit'irl tlt'ost,bitr: lirtil, rIe 1lerioarlir I)r'c-(f{,rnl}u1eliu.1[. Utrst:ltitlr,t't,lt t't"t't'elliril{)l'{rpislct)ro1clgi,'t'}I)tc z{)rirl s()r'i- alulrri irrleltrt,rralizai, sa,rr r il.('t('lol inlclcrtrnrlc sot'ializatt" irli n 1xu'tit'ipalr.a inteligcirl.t'i rir'lificjalc t'sle lrclalnatii de lrlorli['irr"rlile esclrl,ilt]t, rlitr sfelt r:ct't'e tirlii si lt apliclt'ii l'czull,irl,t LiL ilr,t'stcill irr r-iiii,:t sot'iirli, X')llislerrrologia ,,.so- r'iali" rrstt., irrlr'-o rrrai at,t'cntuzrti mirsnli. o r-izirtnt' filo- sof itrir. .si rntrtorlologi<:ii lr-rrtq)rll 1'olrolll{,nt'trtit' r'ale lcgiti- lrr,..rrzr"l utl.tt:ilu fuzi istolit'i th'c}t ctitpi :l r i11 ii intelt't'- tttrrlt. itr ist,orilt girrclilii. NouI lrtes:r.j lrir r':r,r'c il itrtlothit'e lcirtrologit irrlolntaticir, r,ou({Ll{r(r l:l lcslr'trr,tlrlirri lrlc rrctilitirlii ul)}lulc itr g'crteral. lir, l'{rnorrrenul ln()u{li:}tizirt'ii c'elcetiilii <1c'zr'oltitlii. (lelr'c- 111i'j[1r irr dorrrtrrriu trlrtrsirltli"l cir sfir'1itrt1 set'olttltti XX t^s1r nrltctt, dtr a lll-ii, revolttfie inthrstlitlir t'at'c adu('t: (:tr sirrt, rroi forrntr rlc snclgit, noi rniikr:rce tle tlirtrsport 1i 'nr)i rrrotluli (1o conrttnit'ilte. Onrenilea pirlt'untlc tstftl irrl r.o rduiliza!ir *, rtrnotrSltrii, u rtru n ulrii'ii ,s j a t'rt'ttt.un'i- t'ririi nr.tttttt*fcr'ili, in rrat'e iirfotrrrrrl,ia r-a irtc:r un rol de rrrill,ct'ir, prinrii ptirnolditilir, llrtli itnltoltlrttti rler'it re-rur'- strln rtt irrcr'&lt, ,si trncr'get it,r: (18). 4{) I rrlorrvr:ttizill'ea so('ie1ir{ii t sublilii:rt,, irt pt'itrrul lintl" ' lrtrl.;r,r'ulosul inforrnal.,iri ca lefitu'sii.rnaterialir,, obiee-l,ivntri rr l)r'osralne tnnrplexe cale au lIlgit sfera posibilultti :rllionltJ. ln ut'est t'orrl,ext se leconsideri"r,, irttr-o intersec'lrie tlt' 1rl:rrrrrri. ri{'l'ii}-pro(e-selor tle gcnezri a inforua{iei pe tlir- ,r.rrl rrnrau. l'alalel t'u solicitalea sernnificati'[ a subie('- trrlrri uman in at:te inedite, specifice elei infolntatice, se plolrlcnralizea,zir - in platr tcoretic - tlirtarnisnttl tle atr- ,;rrrrlrlu al inlorma(iei, Jntr-utr lerit,abil frtr al cr.rtrrytiintti ,lr.i'irrr'. irrfolrnllliir isi t'celirlueaz.i' r'olurile lle (1iilre le ,lr,lirrc irr t'arllttl liclclol tlt' crutoit;tclt'. '['eluro]ogiu intt'ligenlir, t'stt t'x1u'esia, sirrtelit:i, eslr' ,'orrseriil{21 infot'trraliei in<lustrializale, (litr' .l'or'{a rl cle{,irre rrrlormal,ia, iti sine ('at'e rllanifestit, o vasl[, plaslit:ila1e;i rf i velifici plopriile ('apa('ititi lrlilt folntt'le irrtlrtstr'i*k' r Ir' ltlt'lut:t'alt'. I'r'olllerna allatit in sft'ra elnt'idllilor'es1 e tt(rcca a lttoeJit- iilililo]' de in1.t'lecet'rt ;i tlt' er-itlert{,iele irr viil.or il I'e.?-('t'- r r.krl tlt, posibililrili ule inlornra{iei : vont fi rnal'1 ttt'ii rtrtt'i lrrrltitipfui ext'htsile' t l'olutelor' lehnologice t1e ittrtlt, gtltrl rlr' r'orlplerilalt', r-onr ilsisla la nrcimentele vitrt<tlit,i att's- r()r'{ .an valiitnlele unrane, non-t(}hnologice, vol' lllcll, 1l}r lol esen{ial in ploresele lumii contemporane ? itr opinir troasltr"r, teltnologia xc1rrezinl'.i nurttai rllt r'arlltl rle nianilestalc' tr lalentelor irtftunit{iei itilr'o t'tii in (rat'e uIIrul-d{'}nirilg esle lelilabila rt,suriit lr tltvcrlilii -i implinirii genelale. Tocmai slalutrtl acestrti nuu par'ttriet', t'itlr'ttJliltrtttl. instit,uirea leiluiui sirn in i.qtol'ia nrentalilir,l.ilor ttu rtttltt:li rn sfela tlezr,ollirrii tehnologit'e const,ituie un plogranl tle Inare aniploale si lesponsabilitate. Alfa,betizar (':I il, ilr- sernnat o nott'.'r. ello('i"r, cultrilalir, lln noll ntotl tlqr gindit't' si a presul)us 1ln t'od al colesponderil.ci intle lrrrit[{ilt' s('xlt]r'e calc {:oni}nneau curirrtele prin interrnediul e'i;'olit r'cl explinlau itlei I se matelializau acte cognitire. ,rNl'o- nlfabetjzarea:' inlr'ocluce rezerre de adaptare qi dc accc.ll- lare a unei situa{ii radical modificate, a existenlei cafu'n- latorului cu statutul de partener : €a va avea roiul sri instituie un nou corl al tlansformXrii creataale ll unili- 1,ilor de cunoaqtere-informalie in cunoryt,in{e ale unui medill intelectualizat, r:n grade diferite tle particiltal'e int€14( - tualfl (umand ryi tehnologic[). ,11
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala
Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala

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Maria Cornelia Barliba - Introducere in epistemologia informationala

  • 1.
  • 2. l l'l't. l)l(.1 ,,') t] ,,,, r t I'IiltsS Irtltttt;Llttl t ttr iloltti / - l'roilralnul ollislrlltolrlrtiei irriortrr:rtionillr 1,. (;()(ttalonul(lt ttttti noLt lt ttotntn (.()t nil:n !. I )L tr rrti tttir i nt( lorLulo,ii(t '.). I'ttiotrsttl rr'()nsid(! atii,tt)t . il.l. lotliliitit'ra t,otrsliirrtli ntctotlologir.r lr stiinlci i|.2. llt.sa.1rrl rl)islcltolotiei sot.illc ii.:i. Ilillensiulti corrcc;rIurlc :r]c rrotltrrricirrii contputtri_ za Ic l). L ,,llatraliz:rr('il ' riritr :rlrst nllr tlt' specifir.itate in conrtr_ rr it'are l).)- llelalirr srici:tlizaLr:-nrorrrlializare irr ltro<.cst,lc (.{)nlu- nicirIiortrtlt' ;'i.ti. (lolliunif ilrerl pcril)ce ti i prariologicir 1i.7. Opt iunc infor.ntrrt icr'r si p:rr.tit.iplrrr irrlorrrrlrt ionrrlar :i.li. IIodel, titrrp rcal, t orrrtrrricarc corrr jr irlr'l Crtr iloLLLl I I I.itaprle prot:esrrlrri llrr-p:tr':r{li(tlll;rlic llclrtIi t i tt I or,na !is-i rt I o :rtttr I i 1i firlrtsltittl,t irtlltrrt rtli, i ,liittltt ittlor tuttlir i l. l. StrLrrlura obiectir tlor i.l. I.r'rr:rliu lrrrrrlanrt'rrtrrlri iJ.ll. loclelul (l.l.S it. l. O tlisciplinli t'rri1ririci.., l1.ir. l'crspectiva rlctodolo3icir '1. lttlersrclit.t (u n;od(lul lututlillntulit ttl ltl 'l'ltomas ,lirr/ur it. {)onttoucrsr, (u ([ islt nlolotin lui Iiurl papl;er 2-t '); t') :i-1 :i 1l 12 1S ;l J; . rli ri2 ft{ i $8 lri, $r2 ;)
  • 3. CtLti{dul IIt - {l lrrrrir ilrplltulitittp eoglrritir.il IttIotI)1tlir sr rottlt.t! (iilt ttrt.lir l. l. j)iltrtrrsirlri tonccltlrrlrlrl l.f. Slalrrtrrl trnri r.elrlii Itrrrt'!;on:rlr [.ii. ..rt:rrlilic:rlii lcoletir'c a]c rat.ictilii rrllecflitt tr tt! or rtiL,!i<r t o: tti!iurt 2. l. !tlerlritr tnorlclclor 2.2.'{'ipologia irrlorirurljr.i ('olli)itirl :-ll. lilJr)ri:rlrlir iJc :LrlirrCjIr|. irrfi;i trrliill tir, srrlrl.alrrl,li !ul.t stLitilt.yil,l lrti rt (.trrtrtrrslr t.i i slli:t!i lic. 2.1. Ilolul nnri expcrit,rr!e nretotlologiee 2.9.,,Str.uctulilc obiccl"', ale ccrcetiiii 2.:i.,,Slructurile subiect', ale invcstiga!ici {tri 1l ri 2. SI trr(lura otganonului 770 170 170 771 177 1 lt:; I !|6 1 fr9 il(ro 2r16 2rl6 217 212 2l lt 217 217 21tl I icla I ia i n l'.{,l.ltr:ii j i.'-cLiltris I irrl c l'.r-st.nrrrriiclti.r.lr r.otrcr.JrLrrlr:i tic sLrlritct i'; ar;slirrnttI r.lr ntr.Ilrii;I.icli e culroltr[crii j'inrr', ;' rr ir;jr,r l,rrlir'i irrl. r',ii,r.il,lirrrrr,. lic,'Lrl inlbr"nr:rlici iir lrlorcselr tlecizionlrit liol nr.. :rl': l)lor-rsirfii irrlorlntrlici .rlei,lrlc {lrlrlilril ;i (, 11:it1'1t [ llr,':r1irr i:r!eli11r.ni:r nitlitrltl:i !nlrlirll,:rl:r lrr.tiiir,ialii tr.l. !lilloat lr intcr'll.ctii: ilct 1.!. Jrrdecirlairilitultrr .[-jj. -rlaut]rct)1ul It,olt';rrt'i lLri (iddtl 1.4. Iutclir{t'rrtlt lrllifii i,illi , o contrrrtliclie rir ttr.rrrrrri. . i.;. Si iirljrli r' :i i; tt ;'1r,.tl ir l.ri. llrlrligcrrla rtrl iiirirlir {.it liituilint itrlclrr- i Lral i 2 ltt ii,t,,!i', i 1 1;17 , [1stl rtlr slqltlttltti l"tIrlit Sr'rrsrrl rlrllriirilrrl !,t' Irtni i ic:t{ ilt i rr I errlirr.i liii rlilit i( i i {lt|i'c1 ili i f ri lr {lii l, ;rn lilli. si lrlri i ca Ii t, :tii rrlt in!,.1i:)t nl, i {tilili(iGlt , i7tl, y5t2lii rni.trtrlr;!rlit.e Jlir izl t;iri t)l {rl,i irtrtirli!0 {,onliqtrllr I ii sii rrr.trl alt 6it,, iya!ui i' -- t rr rn(!dpl .ll I'i.i'rnslrrrclit,i inr{orJo!$llict" !ttl, lijt'ultt :t; lii:rtrit -- ()t-1i.tintr Lti ttoIi Innti lnl"i tlLta[ ,rttrr..ri'..lrl t, ir{ot ir'r si vi;:i Lrrri: colt I ('1ll)i)t'iilt i-i Fturrliir ouri:,iiti: tlrscopclir.t':r ilt loi l.rsnl.sc co{- 2..{. Sislerrrul conceptclor 2.ir. !n;111e. principiilor 'J'utt'iu itrtplrtrtt'ttliirii tratlniitdlii i). Pt incipii lolict ale tlilttlinii rn(,ladolaticr "l'(.)rir, m(l0dtt, pt utlrum ti. $liirrlrt (oqnilitniltri fi.1. () aliarr!it rlc rliseiplinc ti.ll. Iliolouiir t.lr.lrrilir rrlrri t,i. iJ. I'silrolo3ia r.orllriIici 7. Anali:t trilirit rt ltrr.lornratrltkrr {)rrpilalul I.:I - Itr}rezent;tr,,:l irrforntaliei (i st entro:tslot,ii 1, Cottcel !ttl inlrttsitrtttl rle rrltrr:t,ttltt(, . . . 1r; Ir); I 1,S i 1(1 I i:l 1 1:i I lri 11E 12'l 111 12) 1:1 1! I 12{i 1 1tr I t; 1t7 1 .;iJ 1r1 l::2 1;l 1J{r 1 rtit 1 ritl 1 {i{i 1il7 1. ,) ljttrlttt ccrtt lti t ilor ! trtttktmtrtlrtlt, , i'Ir:latlr: !ttttrtrl t tfu re prr:rtt !ilt t. tt {:u}tolsl t,r i i, ()p, rttlietxtli lrt!t f i l(:ltnicit(l( 4. l)escltitltrt:tr !tortliurnt(lot!oltxlieri u pr.t(td"t,lor syx,t:itIr 5. Cttnouslota lutilri 221 1Z,t '224 V. ltrit-t(il,)iLrI lrausf'ttrtr.it ii (,tros(,ololite (.i.li.llsr,'.rsi y roblent{t t utlt'trltti i. lle 1;rt:r ttlrtt t.l (uti.jilslt..r'ii $(.eloilt'( cal)ilolrtl 1-1,r -- lllorlrlaro:r .letir'ilirlii e$gnitirrr l. liluln r, ll, tit't'r, ttttlolo.,it.ti tt t1(tdt litrii 2. Ilrobletpt f ilosrtl'ice 2.1. Prilcipirrl rx{iulrii ci}rcrnr.tice 2.2. llela!ia Icgc-merrlcl 3. Pcu'<ttlut ttt,lr rltutl, litt ii 1. l-rttsdluri sltt'ciIiu: ult' n:o(Iiirii 4.1. Interjocul .),) -. ').) a 234 2:t.l i., n 2:]u 243 247 2.i1 :JJ 2:r4 ! 2.1 . :.l. ;,.1. t].i l l irrl i Yc 4.2. Iteplit:i tchrriec ule irrtcrjoctrhri
  • 4. 5. lIetorle de nlodcldrc Nlodelarea proceselor cognitive Modelarea computeriali a Iimbajului lletodele scalirii multidirnensionale Problema familiilor de structurtr Modelul homomorfisrnului informaiional Paradigma transformirii informalionale Modele ;tiinfifice ale obiectelor cognilici Modelul relelelor informafionale strucLural-orga- nice 5.9. Iodelul sistenrelor cle al)stracte bazatrr pe conl_ puter INTRODUCERD Irrcr'&r€a lntr ctducer e i n ep islem olog i a i nf antt ali onald, se irrscrie in seria tlemersurilor contemporanc specifice, care l)r'opun o viziune unitard, asupra noilor dimensiuni ale obiectivizd,rii eunoa,sterii in acte cognitive influenlate dit l)l'ezenta si rnanifestarea inteligenl,ei artificiale. Problema centrald, a epistemologiei, explicarea genezei sl't'ucturilor cognitive ale subiectului prin interacliiinea. obiect-subiect, necesiti, reformuldri de principiu datorit5, unor modific[,r'i esenliale. Relalia cognitiv5, este influ- enlatd, de rneclierea lealizati, de computer .-- ceea ce cle- terminX, ca obiectivitatea cuno$tinlei sd, devinl, partial, rezultatul unor momente ale ,,itlealizd,rii", cale a,u loc in dinamica raporturilor cognitive. Plocesul de esentiai lizare pd,rd,seqte treptat ,,dezbaterea cu tradilii", ,,schema r:[e secole" a analizelor intr-un tliscurs autoreflexiv. P5,- 1r'unde in conqtiinla receptirii spiritul de sintezS, ^ esenlelof c|mplenxentare. Extintlerea cercetirlii in viltutea puterii tle seductie a per.spectivei nu se t'educe, insd,, la o simpld, referin!,ft la irnediat, printr-o interpretare a,Iegoric[,. Se impune o suplele a actului criticr care trebuie si, introrluc5, noi tnorlalitS,.ti de viziune ''si interpretare. Inteligenla artificiald, are capacitatea de a se integra unor forme deschise de dialog irattiind intregul uRor expe- rienle sui-generis de naturd, cognitivi. Analiza caract$' rului modelator al gindirii ca putere de a reprezenta si reflecta un total de unic5, structur'.;, acc.eptd, in cadrul disculsivitd,,tii sale metodice, pa,r,alela-pa adox a receptl,rii concentrate, care clezvoltii, nu scopuli , ,.,autoritalsltr, ei. o succesiune de analogii cu valoare ,de sintezd,.. .. Hpistemologia i.nteligen,tei artificiale iqi';propune desci- frarea unor contururi prestigioase;'valorizatioare., in cob- 5.1. 5.2. 5..1. 5.5. 5.6. 5.7. 5.8. zJlf 257 258 259 260 260 261 262 263 268 269 ! I f 271 275 290 6. Tetrrciul untan al mod"cldrii itt loc d.e inaheiere Bibl iograf ie Sunrrncry Contenls 293 ig,,
  • 5. l!:ljjk,. s1x.r'it'ir.it:iIii rli'r,r..sr.hrr, rlt,rrr.r.sur.i .bgrrilir.t, si asi_rrr?l.r rrprslr.rrr,klgir.t .:r. r. pel.ir.rr{t.krr..rrrrrll ijrl. rrk, *iiiril*iirr r'arlt'rrl rrrrrri lllirr.lrl.isrrr rjpislerri,,k,grr.. srrrgrrr.rrl irr s1 111.1 ;iir se :i,{''l'(rc rlir.ersilitii st,ilr.ikrr. si rlirrrt,'siu'ilr. iirr-rroar.{terii ;tiinlifi<:e (1 , p. l .l ). I)rngresele ttrltrr.l.girt'rtu r'r'ea1 .,itttrinet,irt crtttrtr.rstrri,i,t r'u. (lor't'rritr tle r.rrrr,trl,ar,t. t:' r-asr.e ,,ti"url.e rte aptit,,rtiliii.ritt i+r'iilt. *.c'i'r,rr'i. Lnprit.trr iile ut.t,stei'.",,iir,,irli'^iiji'iri,ii.- ;i lelrrurlogir,t. arr dt,ilr.rniirai :rpar.itra rrnor. noi uslrccte t*'1111:i1,1v-11ret.rl.l'gir.t. ilrc ,s1'er.t'i-r,'errilir rrhri. i,i,;,,,iri"rilulea.sptx'ialislilrr sc iirrrrrur.az:.r irltit'rr rrrrui prrrt:e.,;;;ii;i,, tle.pirtrrrnttcrr: irrlr'-. ,,t.ir.iliz:r,(it. a crrrr'^sl.rlii. a ,.,,,.ni,._ l:"rrii si rr t''r'''ir'i*ii.r,'rul*;te'ii, irr t.*r,e irrf,r.r;i;- ,:;ju<:n rrrr rrrl rk. nlilt,trrie pr.inil.i lllirrrorrlialii . f z" ii.'^ir:liLiteral u'a tkr .efle'i r r l ltr :r, nali ica zi, ir r ..,r,,*""ini,i. ^,1", 1- Itlcnrele rlirr.sler.:r ,,irrrlrrstl,it,i (.11t()itsl(:l.ii *i ,.,,,,"riliii.fl,,,;; s{r'uclrrlirle irr rlerirtirr surr lirr.rrra rrrrlr. rlirittil ,t"',,e,.leiarJ r'nre sludiazi currrrAst.u'eir irrt.r.-un t,trblou r,oinpltx :rl inter_ ser:liikrt rlirrLursirrrriklr. slr.k.. ('otlif i<.artl r,rrrrruster.ii. r)1.._ t'(r$At'(rft, r.otttttttir.lu.t.il ,,,lttigt,tu.ea",,.lrattslilrntate*.....i,,r,,_ $rt{naroirt',,,,lltt tt:tliza'trit",,.tl.2l.nsferul'. *.u. .,nr-,"ti'tiii;" ;, irnagirrr, rk, arrsrr'rlrlrr a rrrrui rlina'risrrr al <.ogrriliei, ll.o-priu clapei istorir.e it gr,unilei rlintre rnilenii.- -:-'-' 1-^' (bntextul t.rlretir'rracti'^al c'eat t'r'iden{iazi a(rcen- t'uarrra legirturii rli.t.tr i'io'.ra{ie si t.u'oa;ter,ea unranii. I)ezvoltalt,a..irrttdigtrl{ci nrt,ifit,iale'a 4tt,tli.iiii,:io'i'il;;;iii; utror anillogii ul,il i z:r1 c i n ir nali za prr rt,cselor. i n ti,tr r rat'lonriie rlin sfera u*rarrulrri. s{;r'rrt.1r,.ik' irrfr'.'ration*t..,.r"." il"- lr.rezinti fiirrta urrrnnir ;i rrrxliul siiu rlrrrbiarrt, ..u,r"*ii t iio usi astri'.r,{ iilc inlir''lr{i.'ale rr.r'*sp.rrzit'ar.e, ptrr,:".i*ii. <lc re'iznirs ;i r*.itlrrartr iI ir,t,esl,rrr.zr itrr t:<lnl,ut.itt ult nou tnedirr l)^ul)lic nrrrrrlnl, ircela al rraustt.utttrt'tt"r ii,.7or:tri-i lionrle. in acoastli.,,:rgor.a info,'a{i'lr..ill-r'., at,:rtui.i rie Iirrrba. natulali., r'alculaior.ul rrex'inr. ' u'ealtii r,t rnt nita- t;ionaLi ca,re parlicipi ln prot,esele prirr <.*re fiinl:a ,rriioiiii t'ransforrrui a,til, r'ealitatea t.it 1i . se'ie a" aiu,e"*iii"i ale llropriului sdu tru. tornatica utnall-c(,g'it,ir"it se amplifi.ii, i;i acce'tueazi, r:*r'at{eml problernatizanl, rleverriml obidttivul dernen*ir_ r:ilor cale isi propun sir rrescifreze lrrrs:itur.il" prnpr:iii""i"-i irrf.r'rnat.ice rlc gi'rlirtr in1,*r'pr,etat2-r ca (, gtnifiri tiri;;,,-l;- rotma{,ronalit, carc rnflectfi, rnuta,liile profuntle existente la. ni vtrlul l,eh rrol.gioi, consileiate, h rinrlul rX,o,,r,.,ii*1,_ nuza{.nr al ginrlilii untiut(r (il, 1r. $). r0 Srrlrit'r'trrl rrnran st' aflii, r'u }r'et.irlere ilr lllt'zcrr1. rir t lt r l t'tt l Irt'eot'rt l-rirriklt' gJollale car.e 1'at. 6biecrtll ct r,t,et6rijl,'. rlirr rlrrrr.rrirrl .unoastt'r'ii. logicii si isloliei. Ilrocescle r,og_ rrlir c st' irrrlnrrr :l fi irrler1l,et.a1t, trir ri a,ctivita,le sociajr-r, lrrirr trr,t,lctrlir I r,rrnoasler.t'it r.espirrge itr tr.t,r,s1, rrrrld inlrj_ l.g.r'r';1 sll. sull folnril unti rtarittili ir.r sirre, irulr,lrcnrlcrrte tl. .r, -si rle ruitnileslaleir ace*t,nit 1.rl.t'i,ico-1rractii,ii, ( 't'r'r't'1 a.eu 1r'ri'e1 ir'i <r'e1rt f,r'rrrri rre u.t errl i<.ital e a, rlis.u.r'srrlui^ l)urle irr r,akxrr.e t,ons1 iin1.a pr.olu,iei irierrli1l'r1i :r sliirl r'i irr c,r't'la1it' t.u rlirraniitrt,rll erlil*lcrii i'urrt.1 i.i '.:rlc sot'ilrlr'. Irrlirr'rrrttlizrtlt'tr :t r.r,r'at .,x1,r't.itrl islttl i tt i t,,t1i- ttr t'irt ctt )rrtn s/a ii" iar', lrlin lepli<.ir 1e.ii,t,1i,',,-rrrelrlrl,rlogiil,r, ttt rtrrilt'r'slrl rrrr'1 a1erlle1 ic se nfilrnir iriu.li<,ipalt,a ,,s1ri,.i,,- I i slu lu i rlti slemrtlorl'. N ccesit trl eir r-aku'izi"rlii inter,subier.l ir,it ir l ii crirr'ast e'ii stiirrtifice }r'irr lirportale ia lrol.nl(, nciorlolhgit.t, uniilrlt," . rr calat'1 t'r' rlc rrrrilels:'rlitatt, irt siltra.l iir pr.o{r.arrr rrlui rrrrci lr'iuri->l!u(.lrrri irrlor'rrrirtiorralr,,, 1,,.,,,l,,r,,.i,,r,'i.,,griitii",t,,_ tclrrrinir o rrllolrl:rre t'olnputo'iaii :r t:urroa;tt,r,ii rrrlrillr(,. .r't'stt' nr'rrrenlr' aie ler,on;iider,ir,jlu' frir,nrnleazii irn}t,r.l,r- Iivrrl rrtrei irnagirri 1otalizatoale (.ar.(r sii rleDd,$east.i rrr.irfilul 1l'e-r'ornpulelial ill inlt'r1l'etirr,ij r.nnoastelii. ln t,1rrIir irrfrrl r'atirirra.lir, t'orrrpnlelialir,_epistenr.logia ofer,ii o perispeclir.li irrltrg.atorr'e .i:l.sul)r'n lrrublenraticii u*arr-,,oenii..,. Iiri*,1€nta uno. sisterne irrlt'lectnale., (,a'e coexiilri irr rlir.'r,r.se rlornerrii ale ;1iiu1.t'i si terhnologiei funrlrrnrenleazi-r urr rrir.t,l lt'flexir- rl r''rrsl iirilci filosofico-metorkilogice a ci,,,,,a;t "rii.ljinl ifice,t', rr r1r:r r rlt n'a-ne, pr ilinif ,ruuri .r r,;iate r.or rl t,x t r r ir lii 1rr cll nplll (,lll r(}215{ 91.11 l'rrxlut,livitirtt'a t,ogtriiir.ir ptin,,t,olabot,at.r,.! _' ]r'rrii iltrtr.nie irrlt'lecltrlrli .srri-gc,r€l'is irr I-lrilr.r.s - lnr (,st(, (l(, rraluri, a, fi r',nsirlt'r'a1x rrici subier.l,rrl unui prrrces jurlit,iar., tlar nici ' ,,iobirgic irrl'''rrralio'alii)' ir iur'ii dtr r,i'rtrstt,r,ti si irrielegc'e u*^.ii. t:'ilatiia p'o.esc,lur, c.ogrriti't, ieri,ili' unit:rletr rrrr*rrrrlni ca totariial,e existentlitx ol,rot,Jii" in rrrritirtca lurrrii.. ,)i.ortu .a,Iian!d,r, in:.trpoltur,ile rognilir:rl rsr rntt,rneiazir .r.iter.iile in cadml r.elal.iei lirirne "sau in afara acresteia ? Ilfo.tul lab''ios ar argurnentr,r'ii p'incipiurui crrairr- 'iilii orn-.onrpuler lepetri ipostaza criz,ci stiiirloi oe a ti-r:,1,, in instan!a r.econsjder[,riltir rnaiole liurnai itatutul siirr. social, absente {iind acele elernenle rlc necesitate inte_ rioari, - rnecanisrnele ca atale, profunzimile proceselrir 1,tr
  • 6. de cerceta.e sii crealie ? intr'-r inter.ogare fle.ribiltio o,,"*i"* din rr.rnir sint difieultir i tlc dest,ifrar.e a notel,r. r alori- zante care rnentin orcri'ea c'itic[, in c'ntextul anarizei dilecliilor cle erlolutie ale domeniului. Pericolul sau privilegiul ginrtirii asistate de cralculator. c()nsernueazH, existen{a .rrnei .r.r/o/ii de ronrple,nentariiii, un cadru structurant,, sintezi, de genul ,,,iertium, d,attttl,, intre subiectul uman si subiectul''forrnai, o reluare"rle J'ru.lo i.n plan istoric a siluatiei p'ezente in -i"ia --"t,i_ teoreticului - li anulne, de clepX,sire a sper.antei unei teorii unificatoare prin.aparitia cre roi co'sir.uctii $i i""-'bleme, care excetl teoriei respectit-e. Ild,sura actualiti,fii. t,,'n.nitrilii ltiint,ifice cu propri'l lltuq'es tehnieo-;liintifit, p.ir irrrl t,xplorar.ea genez(,i *i, u,._ tu'ii or'-calculator exp'iml necesitatea rnerifi'e.ii strur,- turilor .menbale proprii subiertului, a cleptisir:;i rotutui tie ipostnzr a, tenrei forrnelol tle altizanar.e a' modalitiitilclr. rle reconstruir,e intelectuali a realitritii. i -..- Sensui relel'ii'ii, in o.dinea cu'.astei.ii, a lirniteror. r::rli- lative ale rnintii nrna,ne - ternii oe suntihiate analiticir, -nu de{ine, la nivelul constiin{ei de sine a gi^tlirii, rigoa.ea unei dirsjunc-tii erclu-si1:e; se l-erific:i o ti[situr:i a'eticii ;tiini,e.i : asumar.ea.,r,esptinsa.bilititii act.lui i"i "*iiguii-:fat:i tle dimensiunile semnificatiiior proiectate. - i '- _In. expresie sistematic[. luclar.ea In,trocltu,ere tn episte- m riog i a inl ortnaliott al.iv ctntrirte interprt tarea unol,,*pu,,tn ale st'ucturii rne.anismelor .ognitiie, e'iden-tiind, fntr-o atitridine r,eflerir--cr,itici,, unele, semnificalii d,te pta"stici_ lirlii.informatiei in vzr.iantele sale tehnorbgizatei sernni- ficafii- obiectivate in {o.ta rnetodorogicii 'explicauvr a tipurilor de discu's .si. in :rurpla sfer[ i:eferentiat5 "outi,deslrre o rea.litute oriqiuard, si nu riespr.e sirnple .o"iorrlii intelet.l uale. ln tentativa tle a identifica noi zorre tle semnifica{ie, i* p'oces*l^complex de autotreterminare a gindirii, "pi.I*,Ir'rrlogia informalionalir contureazx, un model n,oitit'a*to- 'ial . al revolufiei tehnico-rytiinlifice prin interpretarla epistemologicd, atit a stiinlei'clasice, citlsi a fundafrentel'rl teoretice ale sistemelor informati'nale, :l fapt*lui stii'- tific, in completitutiinea valentelor saie. statutul prog'ramatic .al epistemorogiei inforrnationalo st' aflfl in st.insi .orelalie cri procesui'istori. at tiezvot- t[rii..;tiin!ei ;i ca un proces ii.e ,,nraturizare epi.stemo_ logic.i," a qtiinlei (rl, p. 82), care at.,'ir, struct'ra sa^actualft 13 r:rrrrur'l .rrrrr sint st,iinla ilfolnratiei sau ;tiinla compu- tr,r r,i.r'. lrl. r.:irtlr irnpli.a{ii metodologice *e 1lrir1,un nn._ Irzr.lrrr si ilrterpreliilii arle<.r.ate. Irr{ r' . r'iziune istoric[,-prin int'oclncerea r,ol'l..ri pr,ac_ I r. i i s.r'i:rl-istorice si consiclerarea sistemului info.mational r':r.. lriu't{, e,sentialil, a cliviziunii sociale a muncii, discursul r'Pisl.rn'I'oic a,ro constiirrla gliLdului superior cle tehni- . ilrr lr' .nl pr.blema.ticii si al e-rprimzi'ii acestuia pi.irr l()nn('lingvistice. r'r,esitatea, fo'nruli''ii unei st,.uctur,i tlest,hise pr.ir.irrd r r r r l rl i r.,a{ ilr, <,ornputelelor. asupla gintlilii stiinlifice si meto_ rl.lrgit,r' l'stt' p.t'ze.1l"r iiL sf.r':r. r.i.r,t,r,ti'ii rlin tar,a noastt.ii ..rrlr rlrrlrltr irsllt,t.l. .l't'_rle o ltalte, se t,Lrcunoirstu liL nir,'cl pr.inrripial cri o ',r'r'i. rle <,onslatirrii r-elitlice lefs'ittlare la'relafiia ci;nit" <'.rrrputt'rt' ;i ;tiinla actualii ,,n-at1 fost ltlelungite intr-. rrnrr.lizi tletaliatii a, nrorlului in car,e noua tehnicI de calcul i'lr'r'ir(,tioneazir" cn stiiuta la rrir.elul rnai ltrofund, <r in_ r i;rilrilr, :rI ginrlilii stiintiliit,r', ai corrcepte,k;i si rnetodelor tirlr corifigut,e:rzri la un rrroment tlat ,lstilul'. sau ,,llala_ riig'nr:l cunoaster.ii" (5, p. 2gg). Ilinti.un alt punct, de 't'(lele, op{iurrea perrt'u o viziune concoldantd, cu r,eaii- tittcrr sl iintificir, ;i tehnicli a epocii pr,opune, in cadrul rlircrliilu' rlin filosrifia st,iin{ei, o ,,episteinolog.ie a ciber. rrt't ir'ii", rill'e ,,poirte cupr.inde intet.esante -analize ale ru.nrilogiei tlintre crea(i:r. nlnanr'r si inteligenla ar,tificialir,, ({i, p. l)i1. t:na dirr r-ariantele t'rplic:ltir.'e t:u car.actel cle sintezir itrt.rl;3'ctatilir euunfi. Ieza nnei,prttert!&ri metotlologite (5. p.,li00 i 7r p. 52) a cunoaster.ii sfiinlifice a,ctualer gene_ t':rte rle participalea cornputer,elot, in actele tle r:elcetale ;liintillt,ir. (loortlonatele referentiale ale derner.sului ana- lizat e-rprirnii i'rpiicit o tleli'rita.e a 'olului ",rrnpot"r:uiiiila sfert celceti,r,ii stiin{ifice - perirnetru leal, dar nu sitrgul:u' al irrter,r'en{iei cornputerului. IJar.tener"in ploce- selt,..rtt cercetare, calculator.ul este implicat la rii.i,elul r-ietii sot:iale in genelal, prin roordonai.ea in ansarnblu lr, sferei produrrtive I el este o unealti infclrmationald, care ltrotleleazil fiinta urnanii in actele sale tle transformare ct'ealoale a realitir,tii. Prin aceasta, calculatorul nrar- t'heazii nu numai o asisten{ii in procesele de cer.cetare, ci si o_rnr;rrlY atitull,'ine metodologicti ln relatia tle curroastere. Potenlarea metodolollicri nu identificri, in viziunea ci- t:ttir., ..o rnetotlii specialil, r<pur.[ u (dupi, curu. de altfel,
  • 7. tii(.i irl fokrsire:i lt)al.erllrii(,ii irr l.izit,:l t.la.sirri_-r llll ,ir.?€,alrlrle-a fat.e (.u o ,1,..i€l.lellen rnel ()dl-t sel)ir1.a1ii), ci (i ltl,,(u,ir.e:r r'rterii' eficacitrilii ^si pret.iziei tl.rrirarle rnekrrlt,,],inl,r_.erkre irrt'el,ri'1a1c iir i,u'r,o;r"r" lrili;'',,;;;;;:",, i,,,1"*,.,alelul la cakrrlat,ror."" i,l, ir.',tiitii.Lrtr.r,ateit rlt. .l ltll-r irtlt,rrt'i,ttrr,lzlr s:-r iu,gltllt(,ttl, z^ rr.it. ir^ouir episteruologje tle!,irre nir sinipie tlilrleri(,e dti e.x:L{i ins,onrpar,atie cu .tapa p.e_inlor.rrra1i,nau,-,.i',ii_t".t'fr_*,t, tle ordinul esentci-. lieflecl;a 1,irirt,,,r,ofngir,ii rxt. rova,_1.oare-p.irr atit'iiine:L r)e (,are este soiir.itat[ sr, o interne_ l:.1" lly (.a o.r.rrl.)u.r,tAr.(, lir u sl.ii'1ii "irrgul*r,ir ir"-l;;;';;I,(t('.slrrrre. si rrit'i ('a . r'*r'rrri rro irrligr.lrr.r, inl*. *"r.firo,.-ti'ri islr.ir.ii ir r..'t.t,1r1iil,,r. 1,r,,,2."i;,:,."'i;;;'-,i,i,",Trlf"',,filosoliei stiint.i a'e c'a'biei,tir. . iii".,i-.r",]i"i?tltt.'' iilrllrtiLti r'rrrrollsrclji. sc rlr,sJ'rjs,r,,,r, ur irr,r,sL scns- demer.-su'i'errtru tiest,il'ra'eir rrrt carrisrrrt,l;;1;;;;fi;;]' ffi;;"i' r'ccte.ca erur'irrr'ii *"rr.triri.*1i]iur]-s"',"""re are varorii:rclelor. r.oguilir t, rlr, (,()_Ilirr.li, inn",*.. J',lrr('asrurlea rrilrt.r'.nir::'i t.onsf irrrrir ir str.rr<.1 rrrii de eer_r'r'larr,rlrn-conn)ulr,r,rr,1.ine prtri .i"f.rii r.r,ilcriilr.. Tx:rnci_ lriile t.urroasl.r,ii rrrrran(,(.irr(,,,rru.,ia1"'f"sli.r",:ifrj;r';'r; 'ului. s,, r,,i. tr.ansi'orn,a in -ni.,r;;';l;',,;iil;; ;"ffi#""arlelor. irrtelect,ir-t, in sccieta,tl r* - i"lor.oralionalli. rnsuficicnta ereruentelor teorot,izi,rii epistemniogioi in*f*rrrationart: nrr rr.bui. *- d"i;t;;i;;l n 'ecorrstrut:lie idea-Jjzatrlii. rrt'l.rr.olrrnlri. o inrij,',ir,l",.',i''"l,t,1rtiir.ik,pe a.oor_rl.rnlrlt. oplir'is1r,. ItealisrrrrrI i,,,,,Iir.,i,,,. 'r,r iilrerrle sugr-yeazd o rnz"rsu.ii i' t.o'f'untr,r,.,o i pi*t*,r,r,rtugi"i, .,'A._?l_late a rezer.r-tlor. asunrate, c riistinr,iie iu ;;;;"i;;;**;;si al clalil:itii. '' .Ilpistetnolo.gia inf.r.nrationa*i t:trl rltrtine'urnai,i,np'tenliu o nouir 'retotlorogiu, uu orl"-l'r.ta r.e-st^rotuririipri'cipiilor, ex i,s1,ente, a "ri,aieritu,. " i " rir; i L ;;' ilffi;lir'ezultate calitativ deosrrbitc Ac,1.,t"- uirti'.ie-a";;;;ffi;;ci,tl'e licca'e nlcrll b*r al rrlalici Ai,'.*,.,.,,rar,(, orn_(,o.trnputel." it.torrorogia irt re st,rcsirirrrt,:ir; iirii,'=.ii;;iiir;i;'$i;;ii#""i_m[rile ce au loc la nivelul ,gr"ffi^oi" r,ettcciai-e-,";*_ ];_troduee pe traseut silu intetig"oiu'*tifi"iri;. i;it ;;_ l,lY:_:.::]i"?rn! cif. ;.i rezultaiere'ob{inute, clar mai aresirrtelegerea co-participlrii, evaluarea "".rqit"lor._;;*";;rie'qehiderea .pt:e o pi'oblematifri--*'o*s.ifrr,rii unui ne-cunoscutr rale nu este proclus in Or,dinea naturalr, a lu_t'rurilor, a existentei, ci deoin, -o -*t*X proUf.*^Ur*ti,clin sinteza umanuiui',,o p"opr.iii; -;1" crea,fii. 74 l,)rr,isl,rrrrrrlkleiu, inteligrrr{ei lr.1ificialc a1inge llnrfnrrzirrri rl. trrr rrll rrivtrl rrl tleplinil.iil.ii urrrarrt', trr.r,c111 l1t' lrirrir irr pt'ozr r,l, r'it 1i['ttri tle 0lliet,livatt it }t.sttt,seltlt. ttrrrant,, rle rrrl,r'r',,,{rl,lit ilatt' irr fttl:t r,rr.ir1 iei. _. 1'l1ri.tr'1111;11;9ii1 irrforrrrirliorralir ltu rs1t, l)r,ol)usr-l rlc rlliirrt,;, r'ir ttale . r,i tlo ,,r,rlr trtr.ilrtterr" rl ittlt'r stiittlri s.i ttlt- ilttl ,vSi", rlt sliinlir (,ir g(,tt(.1 :ltor.al vlrlor.ilor. lelrrrit,ii si rlt. l.luLi,";i, irr t'alitutt' rle slirnuhror si lrerrefir,ilrr. irl sliiilci. 'l'irur;r,r,il siiu istolit. estt, r'iitrlrrrl, lirrritt,lt, rrelrirlg'iniie; r:ontl,r:,i',rilicti:r fnrrrlirrrrenllli intlt rrrerrlirl si rrt'rrrcntirl esltr r.x;urirrtrtit itr ncrlrr!iu diuledicti u rriului trtqttlt,t t al nr- ntu'n,t,a,l,qt,tu i. irr;spentlalt a rrrt torlologir,ir lr t.ar.at,ter.rrlui trrerrt:rl 1-ltr Iralc"irI t'ognitiv sr rpul.izt'azir prin atrorrlAlea. statul.uliri rlt: 6*i,l"ttner urrei s1 r.ut,luri rurr.rrno-inl'or.nral.iorralc ;i ac- copt,r, r:eir lt'zul1 a1 r'lr x, t:ogr r il iei,,tlt' sir rtt'zi'r ". Itirsenfa sulrurrerii lor. unor. ,,f iltr.e subit rrlir-e", irr- l,e[e.r,l,lr--urnzlne, t'e]tulltarea lir ll.ejurltr.:t1:r ntelorlologjr.ir :r, lrun"rfirir,r'ii cognitivt', a urrui litdlturo-is irr orrlirrtn gir,r*er,- logicti; a I'alorizi'ilii, sugt:r't':lzi-r () tl.ecel.t' <lirrrolo tle ,,l,lrr- llic,onreI rnetorlukrgic" al arrgaiir.ii subiet.tului epislemic. Cllia,r'r,{acii nu poserli iu itrtleginrc r.luritale:r si rlislinr:{,ia sebului de plincillii, tle t:r.itt'r,ii si t-rr.krr,i tle rorrcelllua,li- z,5,ri i t' pisternologit.t', r'e1'ltrc l ia r rreta t t'ot.et it'ri t,s1 t' gt,ircln t ii tle n[,.r"ringellt:r l'e(:orrsirlt.r.irr.ilor,, u r.a]olizirrii inttgr.atoaro a serven{.ei tlirr:rnrict', t.u I'irralilttc r.ogrritir.ii, orrr-t'alt,u- labor. $ti,irarla rrrnr:intasrii rle t pisterrrolugit', r.et,t'1lt ivir, lu ace.te. ,,r'eolitmt.riri str.ategit:e" :rle tlorrrt':niirlui :rlalizzr.l . r;u av'arr{itI lir nivel rlt plirrcipiu rrtt,esilalea te,t.ttizirlii trr- luIui t'unrllrtelt'kl' (.al.e,,au irrfhrt'n(a,t stiirrla corrlerrqxr- rar$, rri. la urr trivtl nrai lrrolund, acela :rl <<stilului de giutiIre l, al sh'ur,l ulii ei rnelorkrlogirt', obligirrr[ 1t'or.i:r, qtiinf,r:i. rnetoclologia 6i eltisterrrologia. ta r.es1r.uc1ur.ir,r,i coresglunzfltoare" (ir, 1r. it02) ;i a trcxtstr.uit tleurer,srrli edi- ficatl,u,r,e prilind episternologia nraternaticii si fizicii (lr, J). N l'v-elul de reflexivitate ac:r,entuatii, t,xprimalir lrrirr con,ghtinla de sirre, prrrgraruzlt icir, specificli intrerciriloi, rle rnet;:l -n-"pistemologie d iu lxrlsper,t iv:l lrt,tualir ilustr,trazii ca- raoberul ei desrhis cirtr.e exper,ien{a social-istor.icir. .l)i- rec$iitc sale t.enratice der.ivil rlirr rapm,tl"rr,ile necesarr la noutr, frrrmi a prac.t.i<:ii 6tiin{ifir,e, inl,are obiectir-ele cog- niti.ve *p.*rfin rela{iei,ltiinf5-tehnologie. t5
  • 8. Cornplementaritatea in sfer,a aotelor intelectuale intr.e qtiin{a teoreticd,, Etiinla apticatd, gi disciplinele tehnolo_ gice - rnarile teme de cercetale cu caracter tle sintezir interdisciplinard - creeazii o structuri, metodologicir uni- tard,^_a cercetd,_rij Etiinlifice, tn p allern metodologic tl j st i n c. t. Claracterul impersonal al crea{iei tehnice, irroninratul ca rrrentalitate doniinanti pt':te secolc (9, l.). I06. l0;) sint teme ale celcetrjrilor. de antlopologie ;i- istoria teh- nologiei, care au evirlentiat lipsa de armonie a rrekrl tlouri cu-tt_ut.i. Detarszlp2 teoteticil a anticilor fati, cle tehrrolcgie celebril, in istoria, (ireciei,.ntit,acol :rl er.olu{,iei sot.iale, ;,obiect al anaUzelor_ fi ,scrietilor, lenurnite, este tlepirsitii in epoca atrt.ualit. Modificalea rie opticti se concletlzeazir nu numai prin-acorclarea unui liinemer.itat plesligiu uni_ r-ersului tehnologiei, tlar si pr,in intlciducerea tiiltluirii leoletic, a sferei sale in ansambluo intro relatit, un.ilar:i cu qtiirr{a funtlamentald,, in pr,eocu}larea tle elncir,lttt.e a, rnecanisrnelor reflexire ale cercetiirii. I)iversitatea de concentr,iir i plobletnati zanle l'tr ie_ ra,r'hia dificultirtilor interne qi e_rtelne cu irnplica{ii lnai lareii, de genul ,,,maturiz[rii episl.enrcilogice a stijntej)' (10, p. i)2), contura,r'ea problernei episternologice prralel 9u g9a a qtiinfei (5, p. 10), ,,criticra epistemolbgir.rl a ;ti-inlei" (10, p. 11) - toate a,ce-qtea rlevin, indirect. posibile catLre leferentiale pentru t.onfrultalea cu tenratlca er- tinsi, a dialogului tensionat. Creatia, tehnicii, obiectir.at[ in ruirr,turii ale liet,ii so- ciale,_era ignorati, in tratatele unir,elsitarilor, ale rtrce- tr'1torilor clomeniului qtiin{ific, tlevenind sub a,spectul r.a- lorizd,rilor teoretice rloar ,,llotA ele subsol') a iea,lizirr,ilor. cir ilizatiei umane. .. .Prin inteligenfa artificial.i se inst,it,uie dreptul de par. ticipare la_programele de constructie stiin,tifi?X si r.eilec- tare {ilosofici, pentru aspeelele coneepluale ale lebnir.ii in tendin{a de generalizare, cle forrnulare a reflect,iilor. de principiu prir.ind dinamica actelol de cunoastere in con- textul raport[rilor multiple dintre ;tiin!d, qi tehnojogle. . Ca demers implicat in transformXrile de ordin cognilir, si ati.tudin?.I tt" epocii, epistemologia infornialionalf p[s- treazd, o distinc,tie fali de orientd,rile fundamentale in epistemologie : realismul qi relativismul derivate din co- relarea cu fenomenele definitorii ale qtiinlei contemporane. Orientarea. pe care o argument[,m'se iaporteazdi la,' di- recliile existente intr-uir dialog deschis,- in::ruil,sut'a in 16 .rrrrr ll,cestca sint reprezentative pentru dinamica teore- lico reflexivii, a qtiinlei; ea constituie un element al olrir'<,|ivelor acestei dinamici qi se continud, prin transfi- grrrirr'(' irr legile ryi principiiie tehnologiei. Sirrteza sui-generis pe care o conline epistemologia ,,irrlrrr-fetei",,,inter-jocului", r,interractivitd,tiitt, ,,inter-ac- lirrrrii" este o formi expresir':i a rnedierii, conceputd qi lr,rrlizatli, de subiectul cunoscd,tor in contextul colabord- rikrl sale cu calculator'ul. Acesta simbolizeazd, unitatea rckrr doud, niveluri ale restructurd,r'ii cunoaqterii prin r,xcrtitarea rolului de inter-rnediar. Oonqtiinla situS,rii calculatoru.lui la grani{,a intrc umi, clr, rnediator al actelor cognitive care au loc in procesul rr,rrlocunoaqterii qtiinlei contluce Ia ideea de ntdsurd a trrrcerilor succesive, a cuceririlor si a renun!5,rilor apalente :rle fiinlei umane Ia prerogativele subiectivittitii in cu- nr)aNtere si actiune. Epistemologia,,inter-fe!ei" interpreteazd, qtiinla tlrept tun sistem dinamic cornplex, un sistem informalional in <rontextul sublinierii fundamentului .stiintifico-informalio- nal in cercetarea cle tip teoretio sau aplicativ (11, p. 159, 317). Conceptul fundarnental de informalie comportind un accentuat caracter sintetic-interpretativ va crea o sfer[, conceptualS,, in care se vor afla, in relalii de inter. sectie leferenlialh,, categoriile d,e model, analogie, repre- zentare, interpretare, simu.,lare. Complementard, informaliei purt5,toare a unei integrd,t'i clominatoare se afld, o negalie cu caracter integrator -,,gindirea ne-mentald,", participant activ tn instanla pole- rnicii, a atitudinii reflexive, irnpreunX cu celelalte negalii integratoare, referentiale pentru Etiinla qi epistemologia contemporand,, analizate de Gaston Rachelard : geometrii ne-euclidiene, fizici ne-clasice, logici ne-aristotelice, algebre ne-comutative, epistemologie ne-carteziand, (a). Critica epistemologic5, a qtiinlei qi tehnologiei infor- matice (a nivelului sd,u teoretic) contureazra tn prolil me- todologic, in care inteligenla artificiald se defineqte gra- dual ca mod de cunoaqtere qi de intemeiere a criteriilor ralionalitd,lii acesteia. Definirea sistematicS, a caracterului ei normativ pentru sfera intelectivi cletermind, procesul amplu de ,,eoaluare" a cunoqtinlelor (cle naturd, uman5, sau produse mecanic),.de teconsiderare, in prezentul cer- cetdrii, a' semnifica{iei ,,structurii formale" a acestora. 2-c. 598 t7
  • 9. liefk'r. 1 ia r,pisl t,r rrologicli lx.ollrrsli, rl irr ucrslrt.r, l i r.a i n l e_El':ltour'(' oft'r'ir:'i rre.irrrerir:c,,r,,',,,ri'ifi,,irr,i ir-'i"i_i._r,i 'ior,, r'a;xr.rii.ii .r.trrsi'r. rir r r i rt.r rr r' lr iii,i,,i l rrra tenritii :ri. r i),ii.o, 'i'.gi., ll.iirrte'.,, s,r.iir'.,t oi ;"'ll'i,;i lu (.o'l.r.ar.cir rrrrriirrr.ilel t'xplit'irtir- ,frrrrrrarrrt,rrr',,t ,*i',lii,,ua;ter,ii, rler.i'a1 rrirrrlinkrgrrl lerrsionat, "u -,r,injii,iti,o'*iiinm-tuhnolosio. r)r,c_zcrrtii irr s'e.ir sisrernrrlui i,i'rl,,ioriu,,,,i it;;,i;;iilrl +;i.,sofico-rrrr'lorlohrgicii -r,r,r'k,r.tli ,, ,.,,i,,'ii., irrr.rlitri (,lr r.ilrt.r,_,(,t r(.A, , ,,;lii'ti_r;i,i(.t(.{,.., ,, ,,;tiinlJ ,,i:i*i,,u,ri.l ,i,i'=. 11. 79, l0l), cirra.t,e.izati 1r.i, u,,ii a-ie [r co(]r,(]lr1li irrrcr.nii;i r'orrsidr.r.ulir tr fi r, ,rrrct,rrf,,f,,ui,, lr acf irrrrii (l;i1..r.r.sl rlr.rrrtls rrrrrlrrr.r, tu,-,i-1,,,,.ii i,,, ur,,,i ilslr.unr{.nt1rr.1r.iu rle r't'rr'erul'e, susr,elir.irril'ri ,,res<r*ie,' ,rliectirl trt,itrvesligirl ie irrtl'(,._(.0lrslr.rr,.j i,, nr(,l:r_lc0rr,lir.i.i . -lllrislr,rrr(|_logia.irrtir.rrrrrirr'rii.. ,'r1,,ii",.,"1i"u,;,.ri;,r,1,:it;.1,ti'l;';:11,._ cetril'ii r.rrrroir,st.er.ii...rtiirrtili;.,, _,ifliij,i'irrtr._,,,,_o"i.,,r.,,f,,*_ {'i.rralir .u c,rru.i,l,rr,'ri ,l,rl,,r.ir,":^,.".*"ia str t:r.istarizt,tzitintt-o dtx.lr-ittti ntrlorl,,l.,,qi,.1i. li, ^,.a,ai,*t*arl f rrnr.l iilt, r,oe_ l'itjr'*: ale, inl,eligenft'i "i11'1'1ii,,ar..,"-i' .ontri{iile irr ,.*rr.,acerslu int.rrrrrt'r', . irr . r'r.rrr.rr';,, *p,,',,,ii:ii ,,,ii*Lii,i'i*r;' ,,' i:;noa.{ l (.t'i i. u u r norlcl r l ist i rr. t pri i r i't,'; nai; t, i t ri ir),',,ii,,,',,.,ui,1itt slt'ttt:turIb telt n w,. lrr s.r.rlrrl ,rrti'rr.ii irrlirl,r'lrli<.e. irrlr_rrrr (.()lrl{,l ir.(.-g'iorral-rlist'rr'sir irr,rri[ir.irl st' ,';;;-i;iri <,ii rrir.r,r.s. r rrr.iirrrlt,epist.rnrlogir.r. 1i'rl.sl)r,(, o l.gf;i;',i',:ir tt'r.iile cilx,r,rretir..utilizirrrl trr rrrri f i'r'r'r'rrl ?',li,,"pr,,r rr. *ist,,;,;. ',,r:.i;, le,l'ia cilx'r'rr.rir'r'i. ll.ia rrrr.iu rrrirlrirrrir,r,, Pr.irr r.r,irrt.rrica rrrull irrrr,. r.elatie, *isLerrrr., ,lrpf r, se (,:trlt(,ler .izt,uz.ir rbier.lul r.e.r.r.liir.ii .stiirrf iti,.. iri u""1,,.r,f.. (lJ, 1r. ,t)1. (,r.r,_ rret.irile i' rkrrnt''irr'*,r"ii,, r,t",,al,;i'elii*le,rnologiu iii.hrrrr,,rle irst'rrrerrea. r'areg.r'ii ..1r",.ii;ii,i. i",,.it"i irrlirr,rr*rri.i (irrr.rrr _ tnator', nrr.sa.j, r.orl, r.aniil, t.rrtrrrllie if i, lr. grr,;. lrr.r.zerrl:rin lu.r'ii.il' rre srrc.irr rirrr rr. ,, irii"i.r il,i i,,i"i ;il;.*,,,;;,;r,ii;;a fapl rrlui infr.rri,rti" ioi" ,i"ririit,,ri"''1,c1rr,.,, 'er.ir'rrrr rrebt'a*zi{,ie i^ ,la* sriirrrific ;i ;ii;iii,,:rl :r fiintei ur'^'t,.(irrrsliirr{a r)rr)1il('rrrei rrrr.i t,rirlle r,r.itic.-rr.1'rr,*ir,. 1,,i- 'inrl sisferrrrrr irrfir.rnal irrr:rt ,,r,rii{,i , srn.e prnbrern*r i_ ll"tri rleosebitir, t:u _1tt:oltlerto i,rri.riitr,'i*de c^ye conrlu. l:rreorgnnizd.ri rnai rr.rri sa* rrrai prlin frrr,tun,r.' "iu'irnl".rur]adtrtise pinii aiei in .nxrrl r:x,it I,a'lliJiscutabile, inducinclno'i t:int.ptrri epistemie tu, rr. inf.'^"' ,._-_,llq1or.u,tuil,gia irrforrrratiriialii n, tle'i'e, .'istemr_t'gr. r'egi'rrali.; ea as'irii la.. gerre'alizare 'ar.nrrigrrrrf ir.i.a'snrn indu-;i v*le'{ el6 c,,n t in*?t-ri qii *ii"*i t .aiiii''.'.*r iri 1S r :r r r' rlr rl ir.r' .Jr'i' 1r'ansferrt'i t'''t'r,1rtuirlt. irr r.ir'1'rr e'is-l,,rrrr' ( lr.ilt irr t.ar.e ..irrilla') sa sirrtlinr Sin,iii:,,1,,'11n,pr ll). ltrrpcrrr{ir rrl ar,t,sla *i, rra*t,, ifl,, "*i,"--if ^i--'"_#irr;rt ii rlelrr'rrrlrrnl,ei actelor cogniiiye .t"capa.li;ilr' iriilr_r r' t ir r'r.lii, *r'rlifical ii la sc'r,n .'noaster.ii .; p";;;;;,r;;;l,,.Srrlri.r'r rrr rrri*r era. rilrritat p'irr ,,rrrpr.ielr,{ite -"iiiulrri;,:r' .lttrrr.*l : ltr.lirirrtl inlr.rrrr rtrerlirr ilile}rrl;;i, il;i;;,rrrr. :r rlisp[r't. Subiectul str afiir, i'tr.e finrieie'piil',.ioirfrrri i'lrrrtruse rre exisl.rrlir .i'tclis.rrr,,i ,,t.iliiilirr,,'ii';'i;;"_rlirrlui l)e c.ar.e ea il nrotlifici.' iti, p. I2l ). t lorx.ep.1 ia privind o aborclar.e fikis,fir.I it rier.eni'il,,:il,:],1.-'J:lil este prezentir irr cer.*r[r.ile rte r.ctt,ririi,i'iitr. .1:, o,,,:.^uln lrerspectiva rolulrri euristic rrl istolir.i,riiiri,,,i. ' rt jrr ('a ., t.onseein{d, I nraterializir.ii sirrrlir ij .; ,'.,,,,,,". ' r,'rii umane in sistemele i"tormaiice.-',{i;l;;ri;,,;"1;.;_ I:j:i:tir".fL3lii 4r: :ib inforrnation2lS presupulr o t.ont.eptie,.ui'U deNp.e lllme, -o- vizi.'e e.{ ir,ii as'pr,a, ra1t.r.1 urilui.,lirr, societatet, un echilibru (,rea1or,. ,,np,utat la, r.ealilttellrrra,terial.i qi spiritualit. J'ledoaria neecsitii{ii rrnt,i r.izilrrri fil.s'l.it.r, :r:,t)r.A (.ll_ rr'aqterii in e'nfiguratir s*,,on1,,r,r1i,,i^,,ii,, ;",;.;;l';,; .,,i,irrperati'ul rrnei noi t'rrrs1 iinr. a rrrrir t,r'.:rlitiirir. ',ror,i,, ptin parlicipa'ea interigeul.i'arr ifjrllar,,. r,,,,,,i.ii"i,,i;r";-t ului se aflii-in1r.un prrrcls al-t.ii",*,-1", ii tlr, .iue. o lenlit.apeste rnilenii a maxirrrr.i- s.r'rArir.e.',r *,,iiir.i,i,ir,;; i:,i"i;-rnele re-cunoasterii .rpecificitll i; li*"r,*,. Se atlrnile eii <lerrrt,r'sul l'ik,s.Itr]ui nrrlir,.:ler,l rrtr,tisauutott a eon.us Ia .ezultat ul 'ur.erl.r"t i,i il,t"r.,,X*.i;unei 'm.etode u,'ttiuersale (l lt, p. .",'S,1. - _.1.".1rti*A i,i**. '",: int,electul este eon;tiinli tle'*iilc 'a trrrir.e'snlui. intuinrintr-o paraleli i stoiicri',,. r""" -,.,, J",r,-;''.,;,"r., Jul "i "iiij Socrate, consideratz-r, ,'o metodii, *iiiriJ"ti.,; cn raloare tle :lliT"tll]t?te".(19, p. 63), posibilitali,a rle inlerrreiere _(te, catro rntetigenfa natur.alii in actelc ilt, r.rrloriza,rr, ilt,rnLerrorrzare a fiintir,rii sa',. aflali irr r,<,lalir, ,,, l'lniigini"artificiald, - a uo"i melode unir-ersale. lrentru c.unoasterea, l/Ului subieetiv. , Con,5tiinla acestei _stii,r,i problenral)z:rnte a investi-ga{ieir a demersurilol' cle ".,roff,-"."* * a.s1,ectelol. definitoriicare Ee contureazd, privintl etapa r,onienrpot,arrl -u--pil_ blgmei unitd,fii cunoasterii este expriruatrr. sub forma opiniilor specialigtilor care subliniazi : ,.Ingineria (,unoa!q_ terii investigheazd mecanismele intinre ale gindirii in 19
  • 10. actul creafiei, al cercetfrii astfel incit e fi.esc ca noile mrJloace intormalionale si conclucfl la noi metocle de cercetare a incl necun()ijcutului'" (20, p. I22). cunoaqterea de sine <"n o c'rnooftere q cuttoesrerii tter.- sonifici.-in agora fihft.a irrr elect urui' prin refiect*i"r''r,li., -preta'tiod, a *niversrilui, prin t'"-c'earea abstracti-'r"-."o- tului 9o3c.1et,, (18, p. b4). Arlmifind, i" *u"i""X "iuui"Xari,stol.elieX, prezenfa inteler.l rrlui in cadrul r;rinr.ipiuirrl i,"_it3!ii enunfar .rre stagirir. irrrere<.r rrr .*t",'iii""i-i"-iI trnp. rmanent ;i transccnrlent, irrraricrrl prilr inrndicllnarea sa in e'olulia lt'alulrri. prirr'or.igirreo *r, ; rrr,,*.,,,ra""r prin..rral ura ;i tirnctin -u iia,a.rif i , , ).t",unla pe.e.alo () Pll,llullenI esle a(.eea a r.onsider).rr ii intetrgenlei artificiale intr-o relatie tlialectir:i cu nlveiut imanent a,l i'telect*lui.uman ca' participare la "..ui"i;r.i'ealul'i, i'tegrarea aceiiieia i' prodesel" riui"r.ii; ;i;;..orelatii- o.ga"nic ('11 'iuprasoiiciia'ea rie t:ii,tre mt;hc;;ta:rrtifici:r,iii a nir elului_lrarrsr.enrlent, :r frrncil"i ,i" 'iiirl.i_ tare a uni'er'-salului. ri.eze'r-ele ;i nuan!:irile p."r""i""i'discursul pe cirre il r'ealizf,,m "oi. fot,mul. oo"i" ,".iiiiirr'eto.dologice cu caracter'alor.ic, referitoarel* i";A;;;;_inteligenf ei rrrtificiare in zone d.erita.te, sec,.t ntrr are- ima- nentei si trans.endenfei (in cornparatie cu rnodelul unlan). Cun-oas.terea de-.sine. a gi*rlirii "o r.urG"Jio -;;";;ii:;: rnetodologictr a desfd,;urir,rii actelor. intelecl,il e d;;;;;;; j :.:o"""p!ia_ noastri,,' t,ransformarea intellgent"i ;ilif;.;;i;urtr-o rrretodX, de cercetare, intr_un no.o, orgcLnon. Implicalia cu rol instrumental pe care o r.,aiideazir, nct'sL.rou.principiu al realitiilii cognosr.ibif", "o.uiaie "osemnifica,tia sa filosoficr, rlerivd, dininodificri"" riil"airli]cognifiyg, a morla,litiifii intelectuale de a fi preg.d,ltd^,.;; operXm t,u strueturi si coneepte si mai potin'"ii,fui" ,if'apte primare. ln pra'ul refiecliei t"""iti"",' i".ttiilrir"lunei noi directii melodologice in epistu-otogit i;;;';;;;;rlintr-un proc'"s mai ,"frI" u,f -i""o"riderd,rilor care se desf5,ryoar5, qi in.contextul ^terriei qtiinlei, urrde se "J-ii",, recunoa,;terea, isLoricitd,{,i i ;tiintei' la nirjel lnetocloloEici.. .,rsDorlcizarea,, standardelor rnetodologice de rationali_ tate ale qtiinlei (10, p. 25). - Imaginea contemporanii asupra stiinfei li irnplieatiiiol sale tehnologice are inscrisl., in ietul'a" p.l.cipii,';;l6i;; t1? _"11t"" gno seologic, axiologic si pra xiitogi": d"i;;;;;;; _t:31:1"1.,1 cunoaryterii $i acliunii umane iqi gd,sqte o ex_ r)resle sintetic5, in descifrarea componenteiorlilosofice ale 20 tr.lrrruhrgioi in ansaurblu ca elernent al realiti,t,ii -qociale. lrr,r'i rlLi tlin aceastX, situalie se afi5, a"'ansareh in sfela lr,r'r'r,t,ii,rii a ploiectului unei epistemologii a tehnologiei t:ll , p. ll78). iirl,r'leasir, ca o variantii a lea,lisrnului epistemologic r':rrr. rr,rluite rliyiziuni interne tle ordin istoric (realism ,,rrr,i"" pentru tehnologia clasicii - realism de tip ,,eritic", lon'lirl cu o not:i tle inrltrrurentalism, pentru tehnologia r rrorlr.r'nri a sisternelor artificiale) epistemologia tehnologiei r,slt t'onsiderat5,, in conceptia lui llario Runge (21), , tr":'rsiituri, internX, un ,,fundal') 1i nu o etapi ulteriunr,i"t, lr.l'lcxivii,. Tehnologia fbrntuleazii, probleme episterrnologict' rrr r':ldrul tlesfrisur'l,rii rnecanismelor sale itrtr-o :r,titudine ,,plrr,gmatib5" fatI, de gradul tle cunoastele a realitritii. l')pi'ternologia tehnologiei se con-qtituie, sub aspectul ge- rrtzei. printr-o unitate a prerniselcx' de ordin episterno- losic crre apartin irtiintei si tehnologiei. Aceastil cornu- rriiate a funtlamentelol episternolcgicc se transferi, si irr plirnul rlesfi,guriirii relatit'i reflexir-critice si ne tlez'i.[,luie rrilu'itilr unei interseclii a obiectirelrir'-proqro,m ale cerce- t'ilii. Din perspectir.a integratrirre oferitS, tle filosofia ltiintei perrtru tehnologia informaticii, :lflati, in pennanent transfer' rle concepte si rnetode cu ;tiirrtole si disciplinele teoretit-.e spccifice (rstiinla computerelor, stiinta cognibivului, stiin{,a infonnaliei s.a.), considerirn net'esarI introducerea unei rlistinc{,ii de principiu intre suslint-rea ideii unei episte- rnologii a tehnologiei in general si argumentarea unui rrou lril.el al epistemologiei. Situat[ la frbntit'ril, teoria cunoasterii rstiinfifice devine contrur.ersatX din pelspec- liva participXlii int,eligenfei artiticiale Ia /in,temeierea teo- rdicd a principiilor noilor a,specle 6tiinlifioe care sint parlial aplicate in tehnologie (in sensul ei clasic). Mh,srua participflrii noilor tehnologii ca lehnologii in esenld, int,e- lectuale, primordiaiitatea lor de tip cognitiv conduc la transforrnilri radicale de tip intelecbiv, la reorganizarea strueturilor teoretice de inlelegele a dinamicii cogniliei. Epistemologia inforrnalionaLi isi inscrie, in sfera ana- lizclnro nivelul teoretic al metamorfozelor din proc.esua- litir,tea cunoagterii ;tiinlifice, care se autoanalizeazva in lorrfruntarea cu fazele sale t1e crestere si de obiectivare in perirnetrul tehnologiei. tn opinia noastri,, domeniul ciilruia ii argument5,m viabilitatea statutului in contoxtul rlirecf,iilor semnificative din fiiosofia ltiintei detine un 2L
  • 11. rli (rl rupe.i'r' rre' . r'efr.xi'i1ate, e're es.rrl iaiitar. il clt.;,,,r1,. su.il'r' te'.elice si ' opt'r'atirrraritirle rle iiprrl a.r,,r,niti,r.ir)i;, rlefinilolie llenlrrr inieler.iul rlnlan. I)iferur1elt, (.or.sii_ 1'flr11{f ale trrr*i 1r',r'il .,r,t't,1 r.orrltri.at tris.r,izrzri t.,lr,r- silrrtrtl elristerrrohrgiei irrfor'tua1 i6lali, rle lpislt,tttt,rtttlt.;,.,. :Sl{.osi 'alrrrralrt,(2!1. "1tisl,,rtt,,1,,r1 trt t.i1t1.1.,,,11,.11 (,;l .:lrrr ;n'ltt,,(ut,-i:,{?:lfl .epist.ettt,,looirt leli'rtL,l,,rriri - IIar.i. tirr:,q* H^r_]..1_ J r,).._.,/r?.slenolog,ia cornTtutct,ialri _ llat,ia (irr.r,ut,ila :j..t:lo:,!t_r. 2!t)., Aceastii, .tipologie sulPlirrtle rr,,l.lrrri r+r._('rl('(' ar(' r'r'r',Irsl .ur'riei : irrrli'idrtaliz,irir,l t,r,,,r. trrr,,l,,,.',,1," a'rraliz'i (Salosi r.tauarre, ciirirra ri*t,ul, af(.e'tuir](1,i,47./.- !'it'litateu, picit,trii s*'r,r-ideir{itr,ea. ,rir.rtr',,lrr',i'r,.),f ,,rili,;iri;( IIario. 13' n ge, )l a'i a Oor'et i ri r;,i r,r in.i i',ii*',._,,' p,":*i t,i,lelobali (urroscologit.o-pr,trioloui, i 1. - . Mod.l'l *1list*,ruol..g^iei irrf..r,r'lr1 i''ltle {.11r,(, iltrl.r.r rrtr erige.l'e tk'rrnilar. si tligoar'., *1,,,rili, (,s1e {rr. rrirr,r rr.l-.,,i- teoretic pli,n extt'n,qiurre- si_ coriola1ii, in ,.,u,,1r*i.n,lr,, ,,.l, .,cpisl'em.logia c'ornputer,iari." : se' lir,,'rtrit,azlj, cli{,.1. 1 1f; pt'irr.ipirrl for'rat.r' - f iralit:rrr,:r rr,, ",:irl',',"'lui.r",.ii, i , ,,_ lela[ r.u rrrrr.k, r.rrrsitler.irti.i rrstrlrur ,"f,liif.,i.' :.,;S;,iii"- : 'alori c'iterii. pt,'tru fiinia .n'rrr:i cr..al'nr.e tle ar.tefa.t,ecare'.ajurrg sii irlite urrele rlin p.r,lorrrranlele snle irL;,-.c_ rLabile. ('errr.ar'elr teor't.tir'li il .i trr'rrl 1rr,'rrrt,rr*rtir.ii rrrnirr,-" rg_niti'e aspi'f Ia rres.ifi'arr,,i r..,,,t,ifi,.,,tiir,,,.,,.:ri,,i,lloli " i_ ba,le a,le ltri ltam,o cag.itans i' prer..t,rrt r.er,t,e1ri.ii, *a,1,. rliaiales., la ierarrriile riin sferzr 'viir,(;;;:io' etarre a,le ri,,.1,i-vali_ei fiinlei 'nrir'e pert*r nuu* f'r.rlri irrt,rrrrali,,i; li,gintlile. Episterrroirlsia infolrnatiorrali (,cr,(.r,lr,itz.i. r.oiul jl,l r_ rralrer rrr tarrtatt-a sa de c'ea1'r, al 'rr'r, clih'torrrii .ril influen!e rnajo'c ir1 spa!,iul pr:oi,t,.rr,"to". tnt,,,,r,i,it,i.'l,r_i, :;l.'j;:iTlfle aplictrliilor, -satc lehrrir.t, rteriir"' t,;i,,;;;. j";",; 'r'rzilln' .'rnt.r i.genl n natu.alii - inteligerrta -arl ificirl l;,ri...cnnoaslet'. nre,1:rlii, -.u'oa;ttr,,, ,,".ri-"r,t^l,.il:.'-.*i,i,",,r uman - subicr'r r'olrnar'). subit,r.tirr ,j;.i i;;;' ...,i'iilrr,,,,(ttser') - norl ur ilizalo' inon_usei..;.., ;^,.-i; '..,.i,:i.,ii'_li)'i rbr'me de at'cr's sarr inaree* Ia - arliai,i"i;,' i;f-;,Jiii-ffiir.irf , acceatri inriu-s. prin ar,eastu i,ii,i-^ - ii:, ;;f;r;,;li;, ;; 'ep.ezintf numa,i 'n limbaj da. si ur, *".uol*rr, ;i;;;";;al cr;ntextualizlrii cnnoaqtcriit:,,rri"-po"oro. . llri'orrlnrIil-l,rrg,s. inl't.rr.rr*u il rrrriver,srrlui t.,urrir.iei" n *.,_ r r('rpa Jir (le(,linlilrt'ir lrlof urrzirrrilol ginrlrrlui 'irr 'silrrtl a iri ca'e prrtluseie ron-m:rter,iaie, idiiaie",l"r.;"'r'",i.1", 22 rrirrr1.r rrr vial.il sot,iir'll'r,. .iakrrrtele axiologitt' ale sin{,aglnei ,,rrrl'rrrilll,f i1r-<'rrrrotl:'{teftr'r ne.c,esi1:i in plan cognil,ir- un pro_ r'r.:r .r,l :r,rra,lizelol eleschise rle evirlenfiere a lolnlui r-.reil,or .r,i .rr1ri.r'lrrlui, t rlirnensiunii integra,toale I)e (,iu,e o lxlsceli ,r,r'{".1:1. irr <linatnit,n fenornenelot, subier,tiie. l,lpisl ernologi:l infclrrrrationalii,, ar.int.l inst.r{sil in struc_ Irr.u s:l rr.etico-itrstrurncrntali rlescoper.ir.r'tl unor r.esurse .*r1 'ril i'e in sfelir ,,netr.adi{,ionalir." n posibilit[l ilor. rle rrr,r,irili'stiil't' it crlno:l,sterii, r't'nuntl la ier.ai'hiile con.sir.r:r.ate. rlr.1r' i,<irrrt ctrrp:r ist,or.it,ir a r.e{ucf'iolisntului rle 1ip c6gpitir,. il, ,l,e.st,hirI astfel 1n'pt,e rroi pentI'r rlcst,ifrarea ?c(:e11fp]1,1, .r 1,r.1upol'itnt' a1e cliversitir,{ii l ernatic'e si rnetodi<,e ale lrl ,,.,rl'iei stiirrIei. At,errsttr, in viziunea de sistenr l)e (,al.e 1r , r'lrri,r'eiite, Al'e ca, sa,r'cinri. si argurnt'nteze r-ala,tiilil.ltt'a pru'.iltircltr,i i nteliqpyyci urli.l'iriate. in carlrul r.alent.elor rP,,l,rli1'1' :r,lc concep{iei infolrrrir,tirr,t-r contur,at[ spr.e <t fit,lr- Irt, i,i) r. gn0srxtlogit.O-stiintifir.ir, irrlr.ligr,nta artiiicialil. ca ilr ir 1'lUnent frtrrnirl de cnnoaltt'r,t,, tt.elluie si rlt,a scit,trra rl " rtftt'ntul siiu rrpa.te. I)lunurile Paratlig'ratice rrar.e se ilri.1..,r'.(l(fl,eazii in prir.inta t'lur.irliir.ii ir<,t,stei terrra,tici r:0n{itr, ;rrrfrj3,1:g1f,, llrincipiul merrtalitir,{ii unrane, necun,,.t,ut,ui ilr iro:Ite fi con(.eput rlor,it iu tt.rLncni ornene;l,i. O atare lni,l',)polnorfizale rlcfineste esential r:euonul irrleligil.ri- lri;i,r. if p.rin faptul cit ai.t,t''l ueazii r.l*l s,Utx,tii-itrarlii. l',r'rrzt llti-I, in cet.cela,.ro cit un lmlllu l)l.o(.es rlinrtrrrit. ;i,rrr ll,,',clali timp, cir obiectir. rle per.sptrr_,tir.ri, fiirrd o calitale lr, ru'ltilnului, sulritrctivitatt'ir <,onfei'i"r, ,,orrlinea spiritua,l[,tt rr [.ri /rnaao tnpiett,s. [)e lr.trtra, t'rperienta intelect,uaiil, se ltazrltz:a pe f'r,'re tle erpr.i'ra'.- la rri-t,t rrretate.r,etie, nlnBilifirind astfel rrrec:rrrisirrelt' r1e le-sernnifir,are ale llro-cesreLrr inl,t'lectir-t'. . { ) ilrtcrogat,ie r,u rol rle f un(l?rluenta,r'e a unei ,,r.iziurri_ o["iz,rrlt'r in epistem'logie erpliru,,i . inrkriilrir inet.orlicii a {iriLalului de rnilcniu : inteligi,rr(,a, :lrtificiu,Li, este rnesaiul ct), '.1'tal'e cle legitinrrlr,e - la t,rrurpii,nil dinil.e milenii -* irr lur,rrer+ intelectualii siru liirnine nirrnai un nriilorr, rrn pur_ td,b{)r luatclial rll at,estuia ? 'l.ansclisir, in ternreni't,eor,ei,ir:i, int,rcbtlre:r r:online r'[i.tirrt.tiir rlintre,,condil;ia, cle eris] terifi*".'r,.p.rirrcipirrlui inteligerr{ei :lrtificiale ;i ,,r,onrli{,i:l do int,eligibilitirl.e" r, ilr:est*ia. ltificultatea de liilel ,,r"i,*- lyrlt'JiS a -fiintirr,ii inteligent;ei arr"ificiale, a,,iat:eligibili- til{;ii" inteligen[ei - c'*traelict,ie reillir, in' c'rrsen.s riu .r-a_ k*lle *mane - denu're.1te o deschitlere proble'ratizantfl prtn care ne intogr'[m in sferr cercotirrii "iitoare. (krrnu- | ):r)')
  • 12. nlcareA clr alte epoci nu numai prin. ader.d.r, ci si prinforta de simbol ri p"i"tipiil""'I"$iirite, rlar., mai ales,p.in direcfii interpieta'ie elabor;,;; "" conrytiin,ta 'ifi_ cult[{,ilor iner,ente^ subtiniazl ;;;I;;;;" propedeutici, a r]e-mersului intreprins. "w r-^vr,vusquruelr ''tr tle .-_,I"pllf3 p.esle seeole rle gindir.e la celebra ,,cearti, aunrversaliilo":'. ..eeajta tipuiilor rle inteligefrXll' tl"[rt"sd, probeze, in aceasl iL. i n*ti-nii- a,r "uri t xiiil:;' ;:;t,fi :;i;:r*eiere, sobrietatea_ rtisput,ei'con."pr ""iJ . ni;il ";.';,r; Iiil111:?JJ,fl1 jririlor tcorel iee si sist emici f al ea "ii*i,u nii. Aspeetere rr'r't'inare are lrroblemei arr inscris preaoa'iiin isloria cuget*.ii pentru " ,,i*ro"il'o i"i"iis.;i;i#';li"#l; .T."lill,l g ad aptare c'leri v ate,ri n p."r,i"_;'"";;i ;" r; .*ii"I, rntelrgenta si,-si descopere fele ',-oi, s,i-;i "ruuii "pl;tiiOliii1ol, noi_ro,sibilirrti de-;,i;pt;; ffi iri;tt si, intr_un anumil,sens, sii i'cheie' compr,cinisu.i .,, ,".litat"r, lX"driir_;ace,steia anumile conrlesii (?+, p. l jtt). Acest pun(.1 rlcvedere, suslinut d:^1. t. Hoi.l'iilp"ilioa,ta premergitoarr.alrari!iei informalieii, trespre ir.gi; fronlierelor interi-gerrfei din perspeetir.rr, clror.a .* o'iuii?.uzd, r,ealilatea vinesr' iustifice netesitatea ,ri*"i""ii*in prar istoric int.elllsiiturilc inleliocn!ei ..,.,, p,:.o,,rr"trui, aspeetul er-rn(inrr_tului).,qi ca metortrd.'nito*otjirt"r;d; intuia, in urmr_r, t.rro jumiitate tle secol, *^""ir*;;";"'#,li , ,,rlacir, ceea oe secheami raliune omenea.scd "_ll,-""ri"-""t cumva, in unele.prir-in!,e,. sra!ie eforturitor p""ir;ili;' pe eare le_a flcrrtrn cursul limpului fprg u A;;i"d ;;obleme mereu noi.u,,.i^.* o_ *rfu:"ogd, in continuil -cr"J*i#;r,;" lrzialiii| in eeca .e p'i'este 'earizarea inietigeniei ,"t''iiir" .:;i'jp. i n d e i d ei inl eres^"t" l"r*ri ;# i;=;;il];.'ffi il:1 i;Jl;qi automatisrne. in -lucrarea-'prin"T"ir" consonantistd sesubliniazl : ..Sturtiul t"11titt ,ogn"iririt "" inva{,6 cel nrai.mult asupra'mecanism;i;;;.-lir#;ir, , "^ este cea maiprecisl, eea mai clard,, .* il;i;ioial a**"ifrat, eea rnaibogatil' Meeanismet" hi".t*J'$i';a.i;"- sint in cea maimare par,te deduse p^rin analdgi" ;; mecanismele cog_nitive" (25, p. I20). For.mrf"".i'ia"iior ae bazil ale uneicibernetict qeieraliza.te qi Li.r""ri#"prY-"i rucrd.ri de psr-horogie cibirneticd, din literatur* *ooloiuii'." i#i" si.{i;odobleja reprezintd antccedente teoretice valoroase pentru mirycarea rle idei din domeniul filosofiei rytiinlei. 24 ( ) vilkrroas.i d.irec.tie propune in istoria cugetfrii Grigore (' Moisil, care - analizincl consecinta cercet[rilor din r lorrrr,niul matematizX,rii clisciplinelor urnaniste si utili- zrrn,rr ilr aceste studii a calculatoarelor electronice - subli- ru:rzji, r'econsiderarea rolului epistemolngiei in acest con- tr.rl, t,eoretic, necesitatea unei receptivitlti accentuate, lorrsl,r:uctive : ,,Aparilia disciplinelor noi ar trebui s5, rrrlclrrseze in prirnul rind pe epistemo:Iogi (subl. ns.). AceI ('r. s{r ocupf cu cercetarea rnodului cum omul cunoaqte rrrr poate fi incliferent :ltunci cind se constituie dornenii rr,,i ille cunoaqterii omeneqti" (26, p. 11E). ..cceptati preponderent prin prisrna rezultatelor sale, rrrlcligenla ca obiect rle studiu a omis par-tial raportarea l:r rrine d.in perspectivil epistemologiefl - c& o refleclie :r.upla experienlelor definitorii propuse. Caracterul onto- logic al unei atari investigafii categoriale, analiza prin pt'isrna criteriilor cognitir..ului, depflqintl prin salt meta- lrrlretic sfera ,,clasicI," a psihologiei, permit enunf,area rtrrol ipoteze cle lucru, a unor principii ale episteurologiei inftrrrna{,ionale aflate in faza tle constituire. Inteligenla ca obiect c1e studiu, dinamica sa in catlrul conceptual al epistemologiei, prin speciile conotaliei sale, ttet'initorii pentru horno sapien.s, este chernat5, sd, reali- zeze - impreun.ii, cu obiectivarea in lumea cunoscutului - o cunoastere de sirre corelatir cu valorile umane in general, ca o incununare a principiilor prinre ale filoso- fiei. Si aceasta, cu atit mai urult cu cit ltomo sapiens, in toate ipostazele sale, este cel care oferir dimensiunile creatiei ,stiinlifice - teoretice conternporane, stluctura ;i ctirecliile de dezvoltare ale crealiei, scopul ;i finalitatea creafiilor sale in planul id.eilor. $i de aici, pe acest temei, poate fi relevatft unitatea rnarii epistemologii.
  • 13. ('tl>i/olrrl { ll'l,l{}(i!i.1.}[{ il, rl!,'(,tiIt "1'[{} {iI't s]'Eltr or,(}{i I{,ll Lli fl" {lrxrrilolrntrlrl ullui lxnl frnonren crxlnifiv , L, rlrlttrrirl it'rr iirst.r'ir.ri in sfet'a <.tlr,t,liliior <lr c'lliste- !r,1 lie irrfolrrr:rliorrali leltlczinli utl ll]{)ln('rl1 rle sirrlr'zii u ri rlrril r.rrror' lrelrnarrt'n1t' t':rpolt:ili 1a lczitillrlele si l'r' , 11 lllolrlt'rrutt!zitrii rlirr 1r.,orja si stiinl :t infolrnatici. l,'r ,.rr1i:r si trrclorlulo:Iiii. se i,,rrr;r',irr1i, il 1l'rzcnt, (.ll sit1"- ' i, :ulrrlizr.i 1 r'trornt,rrnlni t'ornltrrtelii:iu'ii, (,tr iltl er'pr'ot:il'('a 1r, tit{'n('lol t'r'lr'i rlc l :.cit)treit ler-lrltrlii irrftirrnatiorrale" i!. : . 1(!). ..ii:rr't't rle t'unsttitr{i"t" in <.lrlc se gilsesl(, iti- rrrl i, i'olltenll)ol'tuli'l - itrfrn'rrrlrl izltlea :rs1tei.1t'1or rrrultila,- {t,i"r,,1" rtlt'rtt'tivjli"r1ii rtrrLlrrrt'('r'ceazii () lr)ui slltttr!it rittrt- t'rr:. rrl ir'q'i. Sislt'rttel{' leltni<'r' ('ille 'ol f i l'olisiltr sirrl rlrii- lolr,,," 111. irrlcrrsii'it'lle ir gin{lilii u}rstlnclc si ile ul.iliz:ru-' lrll;,, rji'ii cf'cr'1ir.it ;r t't'zttitiltellrl' ;11'1.sf1'j21. Fir.' 1'sylrrirlet'i r'li ...It.:r;rir'it rlt.r'rtlt'rtl. itriirr'rrrirlira si r'jlrelrrr.iit'ir rlevin irr- slLt,i rrrcrrlc alc eintlilii. rrri,iior,irul lr.'ltfia irr.r,sl.t'i,.r (.I r'ciiii- iirtl,:L si rlt'it'r'rrritritrri 1ct rrriri rrrult t'itttt.ryl .1i ra.rud,r:rul, tlt:ri,lltit'ii (u n()(t.:'l/')'i'i (srilrl . rrs.)t) (2. p. ,t1). { nttrlttttt,t'i;lu('il li[]irr'('('il irtt sistetti tlt'1tt'oi:u-'e sucirr- r,ir11 ,,lr';rll oJrie,,lir-e. rlal si t,ir leflectalr: it li("('st{)r' l)t'{)('e>s ia :' ri'r'1ul r'onsliintci i.(.lr:iitl{', irrtr.nrr t'rlilit'iu leol'etic ;i iir: t- it'gt'zi"t sttt'cil'it'. 'r'll1 ii"rt ('()11L{'1u1 ti{)i1 l'ti il0 lttrirlizi t'olnilr'('ii}r, tlc llt, irit't:irrtl, riilLrgrri rliirllc sisteirrele lehnit't'1i;1 iirr!li , Iitn- rlrirrrcrrlrri 1t'or'r'iir'ill l)l(i('cs(rlol corirputci'iirlt'.,plrri{ilt, lilrr.rit'lizilri 1ic ttrrrr.irti .,rrriilii sliin{,e') u lrrorius rlesr'lti- (l(,ri'rr ul)ui i'r'orr1 rlisijtii,t lrl r.rrnoa;telii;i lLl irrtelpl'et'iLlii lrrri.,i s:.rlc rlirrrerrsiutri. i'r'iti r,frrtezir, t'iltrtrlctizttlt'lr ;ri-rl irir,,r ; .l)cr 1li irr lrlunui fittiilarnt'lrtiilii sn,lt' trivclul si iintiiir. liti.:,,t ili ttciirt t'r,t'ttp1i t'Lr t'elceliu'ea stiirri ii'it'i sr lrlerltrirle si sr rtrriplifit'i"i 1rt'ill tt'utrslcntl rlc tuel,otle si 1it'iir lettrlin{eie ller^r:iiilr("11i(' (le {)1)litrtizrtt'r. itlrrril'itt' rlr sistctttr.'le tehtro- lrr.{ . r . 27
  • 14. tlonsidera'en *ltirnur*i sfe't tre veac ar rnireni'rui irrrr'. ctesfi sura'e a c or np'terizlrii la riive]ul i^rii,iairi " i " ;;i "r, _ tifi<.ii una tlinlre rnai.ile incer,.Xri iegretice. psihotosi,.i) ,,;sot,iale gerr.rale ale rrr.estui r irn;,- i*irri;:'#;;;i;'';l;;:;,,,;este aslfel ..nrrmiti.., estc rleserrrnrli,lr"p;,;;;:i;;;,,,. intr-ur r p.o""* fii"i, pr'"iuninnt t; i;i;;li" r,e. ;il eror. st ir'tr if i c.si tehnice. Facilitri(ile de 'rtlin te'ni. for.r'ca,zX ;i soiieritri. irracelasi timp, noi alrilititi. intnr,',af;nnale caie tn"iiir;*' ro_portate lzr, .procese t.ognitive speciiice. Sint rliver,.qt-, r.iziuirik ;nt*rpreialir e in cc pr.ir t"s{sstrricturarea, pe etape, a ist<ir.ilei- cir,nputerizrarii. l)e'ilrli, r-i.nrr'* t'er.e{it'rui nipo' yorre.ii rlr.rrrrir{ rrr llr.r a'ea irrl it ulati 'r'rte r tr-ot:ttiiitort ,s,,,,iert1 rts !rr,s,r-I ttrlrr:tIritrl ^so.irr, j aecastii e'oirrrie cup.inrre urmilrrri.r.l(, lratr u starrii : r ) i'rr'1lute'ir"r."^-'in",rir-elrrl tnctrii .s!ii, r,. _in per.ioarta reJ.i r'rzo : ,;",ni,,ii",:,,r''.' i',liio;lt'lnr' ;,folosit ert.rrsir', in prrrgranre la setr,i nal ionall , (lc ert,,*_lrlrr irr pr.'lrtemele a pnr,ur ti r,"fiou"i.,'ii i;,' ;;;;;ii;;,:, ;,i;i.ir.ii spa{iul.i cosrnic.; zl ",r, ..t.."irir"" ia nivelur trt,i,io_t1t tnettl-trlui in rre'i,arla l,,r; _ I Osil , .o,,,prio.,,f_ .'i ,,fapli.ate irr rlorneriir,r ",,nilu,.,.ii *i'*,i,"inist.ar iei rrt, rlirr ;i p.artir:ula,re; l3) c'r'pute'izarea la rii'elul societdlii _ trrpe.ioad, 1 rJ?' - 1 990 ;^.orrrp..te.teG sint i.rioslt;'i;;'', *r_,+viilea lrcblernelor. socit txJii ;;, i;i; ";', -l ) cornputt,riznlt,a,la nivelul irtclitidirlu.i, - in per.io,r,da-19?5_2000 ; fit,rril.r,c,persoanii va fi in ririi,surii, sir, flloseascri informafi* .i" "i li].-lalor,lrrinrrti r''irr.*isterrrt,ie-r",ir-i,,^oi"x,"i-i*ii,,".'i,l'll,,i:. rlialogul intre rirn fi ;;iil;;r:'."'rl""ditr"azii, intr_urr 'r'rre.n {'l'saIi{r,ai) perrtr u r s'Iu1.iu,," 1,i,,,ilt-.',i"n:,i;';;;;;,iit,::ltr,itt' 'osibirilr-i 1i ale r ii1.r uiui. ii' a,.e*t sta,tliu [iet..rr.r,pe's,arrli r a l'i srruier,l rrl ca'e ,."uiirLr""'";,;1;;r_,i;;;,:i;ia' sorietatea r'-a, ri , ',',li..iat ,. ' :;;;;;""'ii a cunoasl er,iisi creatiei tte rua:ii i13, 1r. ,i,i_jtiii"' ,.. .l]l1r;,r a,lti, irrter,pretar.e se ayanseaz[, ideea unei istur.ii ]l:.11':i_t'r,rj a .'unrputnrizirrii , r"r.u iirlit ,+o_.;; _ ',.n'_ t at'l errz.atii i rr speeial. pri rr pler.alo *.'i.,,,n1,.rnent elor. l t,lr_rrrre,; ;tiinlele s'ecial"_ ir, i"u,iuiil;il l"r,'^";-;;-;;p;;irrerrtat nici o infhren!,i. u- .rriil_i"rl;ii"il. In taza a, trtr_a, 1a.nii 'G0- '?0) t.resre 'or"r *-1,"'"i;i;;:;"r".rrrir.e si t.,grri_til'e. IJnele ,,.r'ccrite teoretic6 U" "or'poterizi,rii a' I,'stirrtegrate irr ,,stijrria computerelor ,.''Ii nra a III-a, _ {.eaa.r'1uali - a*per.teie. te'retice ;i -rle-"varoar.e au trer erriitrnportante. Se stabile;te o coreialie ,nai f"rgd,-t.ti" lr;; 28 t r,r rltl,icir, il,ctual.[, a cornputelizX,rii, matematica ;i stiinlele tr.lrrri<'r., tlar qi intre disciplinele fundanreutale (fizica, ,.lrinriir, lriologia), cele urna,niste (psihologia, lingr-istica) . r r ot,ia,le (econtirnia, sociologia, th'eptul). Fundarnentar.ea ,trirrtif ic,ii, atit rle multipid,, ra,port,ut'ile teoretice cu sfer,a ,tiirrlific.i ar fi condus grartrial la lenomenul cone-r, acel:u :rl ,,r'efurtnei cvasitotalitX{ii tlisciplinelot'" (4, p. 19g). .r'iurl un caracter predonrinant tlesclipt,iv, aceastii, a, {l()ult, sintczzi a, etapelol rrornputelizi,rii apare, in opinia, rr.rlsi.,I[, rnai pulin sugestirr[, fiintl lipsit.i tle forla expli- , :r I ir ir proprie inraginii sistematice avansate deY . llasuda. lrr radlul sttnclurii cornputeliz.irii,, complerleutar lrrrrr.tion'ir'ii cr<tmporrerrt,elor tehnice, econolnice, il celor 'l{' (fontr'ol si cornunicale, cerceta,r'ea teoleticii, si rnettr- lloretic'i sint impelios chenlate sii rrranifeste leceptivi- trrttr fat[, de cornpontntele .,coenitilii" si ,,tlr,. r'aloar,ct" t l, p. 197). (lotnponerrta ,,cognitivi,'! ruplinde tipul de salcitri t'e- z,olvate (le conlputele, pre(1urn ;i rnodificiili in plocesele lognitir-e gtnelate tle c.oniputelizare. Clolnponent:r,,,t1e t liloale" iie erplirnir prin r-nodif icalea, r'alolilor' 1r'atli- lionale gi afirrnarea unor noi virloli. Aceste douii ,,rronr- ponente'), tleqi apzu'l.in structulii plr-rceselclr cornputeriale, prin continutul lor depirsesc airar,tenenfa strictil la rnatii- i'eslaleil itr act a t'ornputet'izill'ii. Ele devin di.niensiulrile .,ccgnitili" si, r'espectiv, ,,de val()iu'ett ale revolu{iei inforr tnalionale, tlincolo tle c,adrul de manife.stare al acesteia, constituintl un etaj leflexir. cu valente teoletice tle le-iutir- lizale a stluct,ulilor, rtrei:ani.snielor tle c.unoa;t,ele ;i r,r,ea{io ;tiintifie5.. Pe ccorclonatele reconsirleliirilol se inst,riu ;i denrer'- sulile de folrnulale a noilol tr'lslturi rrle construc{iei epis- 1etnologice, incercdrile de ctrncretizale a sperrilicului actua,l ai explic'atiilol r,a.re -<int erpresia rnodificfi.r'ilor. r'adicale riitt lurnea cunoa;terii qi a stiinlei. []eractelisticile, in linii generale, :rle Etiinlei conternpolaue sinl: lehnicizarea 5i intlustrializarea in seusul accelertilii r,il,mului asirnillr'ii plactice a celcet5,r'ii ; anrplificar,ea aspectelor teoretice ; nrotlificalea lapoltului dint,t'e ernpiric ;i teoretic in fa- loarea tecrliei 1 formalizanea, sirnbolizanaa. Iievolutia lti- inlificfl ;i tehnologicii, a irnprimat cunoaqterii stiin!,ifire spiritul matematizirii. Apar,ifia tehnologiilor computer.i- ale a influentat evolu,tia matematicilor aplicate. Intr-un pla'n mai larg, cercetd,rile evidenliaz[ fenomentl ciberneti- 29
  • 15. :arii ;tiinlei uttrtr:n7to,r,rr,, 1r.i* at{lr1liir.t,:r tl* t,ir,ir,c stiirrt L ir, apur:rt"ului lotrrc|i uiil si al lehnokrsit,i ,,;b;r;r;;l;,.;, (r-r. 1t. liiE). .titrrrlineir ct'rtcli'ii siste,ullit,c sulrlirriazir, ru:tesi- ltrteir irrlelt'gcrii llc'sir.r,li't'1.r. rlezr..ltr-r'ii ii1,,*rtir.l ii;irri"ilrrin ar*'.liztr .igurrrasir a t.utlirrlck'. tr,aris1'r,*rirr.ilorl ii;iiri.;i'a.e isi. a. ri'ig'irrt'ir i, r't'i'ruli, t,'rrip.1t,ri,,ti, ti;,- r, " i;;il.rt'est 1't'i*rrru'rr 9-+'11e'ir.1.r,rre ir.rple ,sr,hirrrir,i.i Ltr'ir"i,iiitit r'llgtt ii tttrnt lrt'ur,1,r1'. I,iri:r it, irl i.7;(.lll r 6tt.irl.tltlrt rll{,_ llll(' lll)rilltr.. rlr.ii't'inilr;i 1rt'r,l ttttrlt, p!Lti:lj i, ,.ri ,.H1111.i.,t, tltt _ {rrrlrrlrrgi. irr }r'ir irit, iirir.r'riiilrii'ii :trthlrt,tiirri,,-i,,r,}i.".i""r filrrsoliei stiirrtr^i ( ibiit ttr). i,1r'. irrrlrgirrt, rlr, ;1.*.rrrlrlri ilsrr|i.* c'.lrrt ir:i istur i,,*,. t"i1t'at'ttt'i;riiti tlntilr t'r'ilr,t'iilr' .l?.s1{ rir 7'1lt;i rr,,r11i'trrri ,) ,t),' ,,,,J ;'' 't*llt't'e'. 1'01rr 0rrtitu' tii'trit,ill.ri slr.tt(ruli lr (i!rrrrrrii Lrrnilr)(' :rirrrriiz:'li',-i lrr ir',irl{'rii rlr' (,er'{.{,1 ri] t, ibiit,t':.,; : f lrrrrlrfr'q111'f1rr' l'rrntl:llientale i se pr,ezirrli-r tt ptolil.ernd l.u .fel ,lr' lrt niltt ttterrlnlri (subl. rrs.) t,a si rratur.il lunrinii sau $ ,rlrrr il.rrliei, si rnrrlrt( <'e r'slr:' itt.l'rtt.tttu!iu (subl. ns.); ce este 'rrrro:rctt'l'r'a: (,(' (iollslituie t.0rrstiitrl.rt t'xistt'iltei; e_risti,r lr,:ri irrrrrirbik' ak. unilelsrrlui f izir. t.ar,e grrlelrreazir rratut.a rrrlortrrittitrilt (7, p. (i09). l'r,f rlt'rurrlt' stlutrtrrlii si or.gitrrizi-rr,ii r:rrlou,stcrii f t.iirr- Irlrr.t., rliferrn{ier.ea gi ilrlt'gt'at,ea t.unolrsler.ii, rlinarrrica r.,r.t it:uluj si elrrliiricului irr turrtxrsteleir stiinl.ilir[, - tenre .,t llrrlit i<lrrale" - sr, t.orr jrrgi (.u () lrolli-r r-iziune - rna,i rurlistii 1i tltr pelslrt'clivir, - r'izirrrr<'a itrfor.rna,l,ionaltj,. 'l't'rueiul lceslt'ia iI t''rrstiluic rrr'rl'fit,ih'ire r,adir.ale rrIr.rril t' irr intt'r'pletalt':l feu0rrrenului girdir,ii ufi]ane. prrlil iir rrrtxliului inteligt'r11 , 1l,t'zerr{a sa, pl.ovocat,oar.e, rrr(r'r'scr:till de nolurd utqnilirir rlirrlr'tr trirsirlrilile rnetliului rr;rlrrrrrl si r'rlt alt' rrretlinlui inlirlrrrtrlional au deterrnina,t, lrlrrrula.r'erl st'rrrrrifir:illici lolulni irr't'slrriir tlirr rrr.rrrii in re- lrrlirr cognitivir. ('urrostirrl.elt' lllililrre nll se nrtri integr.etr,zir, rrrilrr'.ri plorestrlui rle 0lriet.tir.itr,e (|r.irr a,<,1iune) in medinl rlrlrrr'*lo t'i llnr'l.iciltir si la trrurrrt,rrlelt' obicrlivi:ir.ii prin ctrrroir,ste|e-cornnlricale irr ipostrrzcle irrtt'ligeillei artifit:iale. l)t'ltlicli ale rnt'ernisrrelor r'alt' t.orrtlut, la. irrentificar,ea :rt'elor t'rrrroltirrte tlt-r nrr in:r11 rrivt'l tle irrlegr,rrlir-itale in .or'llusnl irrteligerrtei lr'1 ifit'iale <lelirr o sult'inli rr rlenrer'- slrlilor sliirr{ifit,c irr 1rr,t'zerrt si, rrr:ri a}t's,.irr r-iitor.. l)irr punt,t rle r-<'<ler.e str,rr<.1 ur.ul, opl irinile lr,olelice .rrr1t'.rrr1ril'arre irr rklrrrerrirr sir.s/irr ,i,,;tt,',i li:ico-irtlarnit- lirtttrtli rr qiildit ii utnunc .. ..()rrrul tr.et.t, trelrlai rlt, la tl qirrrlilc irrl'luerrtuli tle rnecarri<'ii si rrrct.rurisrur' -- girrrlile ('itr'(.se riltri }t'sirrrte irrt.i"i irr loatt,riornt'rriilt'- llt 0 giiltlir,e l'izit'trinfolrrralionali, nrlicii lu o girrtlit,r' irr p:rs t,rr s1 iirrtll si iehrrologiti trpocii itr tlrr,e lr.iieste.,t,t'lr sti sr.lrilrrbar.e irr lrln,tnrl girrrlirlii, tlt' lri {izit, (rrrt,t;ttrit.i lir f izir.rrirrfor..rrrir- Iiorral relrrezinli o rnututie (II) 11e r.t'il rrni rrr:lt,r, irrrlxu.- lirrtlir pcnttrr I irrlir si rrrrrrrr.u otrruirri . . .', (S, 1r. -1i). i I)in perspt'r.tiva tezelor. (.ilr'(' ):uslitr irriiuerrlll irri'or.- trtirtirrii, a t,orrrpult'_t'izirii il.suln,a rrrorlur,ilol si fotrrrt,lot. (lo orgitrlizitrct A (.er'(,etiilii, spat irrl (.()ll(.('llt rrlrlizir,ikrl r.u- lrlitrlc siritirgrrra trorttr .l'ot'ttrri iir.lut'trtrtlit.i tlr qirttlirt' 1.1, p. 1(i7) pentt'rr intele'r:1ul ar,1 ifir.iul, 1rerrtt'r ..gitrrlit.r'l rrre- cuni<'iit'. I)r'czt'rr{u, 1lar.1 r'nelulrri <lt, tlialos irrlelet.luul & tlelelrilirrrrl ,,irrtelet,trrlrlizar,e:r" ilil'olrrurl ir,ii. a t.otnurrir.iilii, 1u'rlblerrre r tr f.irr lrlirr t'xr'eit'rr1.ir rlt' tlorrrt'rrirrl lct.orrsirlelirii l'ititx'i]r:t'tiriirrnr' in gcrrplll si rlg irrr.irlt'trtii lr{llp}.it psilrg- -:rrrtir,irit:ric 1rL irrr'cllrriirl t,lrrrr,ii rrtr)tlct'tir-' ,ilit'sil ttl i.(,{.{)t- I ll li r I l, .i j,l'r,ixtl ill :1{.(.(}lulli l:{) trti ;lLrr,rrl sr,{,oiltlui .l{l - ]llitl('lii?11 !tii trriir :i ll.:iil{}ii, - sl lr;:tt t." lJ){l{'ililt{',1 t.t,:il:riirli,.tl ii_ zir';i ltl:r i ir ..t.,j, lriul,r,l.i;i i:r,,i, . :.ll:r..i {cttctil'rr r ilrti trci i,,;r f izil,a rt ri.iIrici'r, jtri'llirrltl li,lt i3t
  • 16. logiei qi semanticii. R,elevanfa temei,,intelectualizd,rii" pentru discursul epistemologic contemporan derivir, dirr impactul acestui fenomen asupra l.ietii rnentale si psihice a individului care poate fi consitlerat - in mod incorect -o ,,func!,ie" qi, rnai pulin, o personalitate. Pericolul real este prezentat su^b forma teoriei ralic,- nulismulu,'i inforrnatic (9, p. 171). In contextul informa- [izd,rii rnasive datoritd, caracterului rnuncii, pe fundalul social al participirii unui nurn*r rnare de persoane irr sfera proceselor informatice, se utilizeazf, un lexic de fac- t,urii,,,ra!,ionalistii," care estompeazii aspectele particulare ale situa{,iilor ;i ale obiectir.olor. Erpansiunea raf,iona- lismului informatic ridici, insii, probleme numai in m5,sura in care se rra tlansforma intr-o sursfi preponderentfl a torm5,rii, a influen![rii lumii spirituale a omului. Diferenfa dintre atitudinea de,,profesionist" irrtr'-urr domeniu d.e virf si bogtrlia de nedescris a lurnii conrytiin{ei exprimS, o atitudine lucitld,, cl formulare cleschis'i a incre- derii in uriaqele rezerl:e ale neidentit[lii cu stereotipiile lingvistice qi func{,ionale ale unor tipuri rle activitd,li. Argumentarea validitrilii unei atitudini de ordin mental- cognitiv in fala lumii prin raportare realist[, la procese particulare, concrete ale dorneniilor tehnologiilor do vilf evit'i o extrapolare ryi sesizeazl un posibil perirrol dar rur il identificir prin zrceasta. 2. Ileterrnin{ri metodologice In conturarea sferei problematice a episternologiei informalionale dinamica dezvoltirii ,stiinfei qi a proceselor' computeliale ofer'il, la o analizi" tnai atent5,, elemente care pot determina un nou or:izont t1e cercetale. L:a ull nivel general de interpretare sesizd,m ca obiectiv rnetodoiogic organizarea cunoa;terii ;tiinlrifice din punctul d.e r.ed"ere al trans-stru,cturii in,formalionale (6, p. 104) in sensul abilitn{ii de a solu{,iona anurnite probleme cognitive si sociale si nu ca sirnpl5, corespond-enlri cu o anumitii disciplinil. Aceastl viziune se coreleazi, r-ru o altii tr[s:l- tur5, speciticX a rnetod.ologiei noilor demelsuri de cercetare : conceptul de trans-;tir,'nlti propus de Weinberg, pentlu a rnarca necesitatea unei conceplii li,rgite privintl .stiin!a ns5,;i (10, p. 180). o.) .)a , rr.uch irlorea opclir{,iottali derivatir. tlin pt'i ncipiul triurr- ,r lr.'i,rrlii inlilmrafionale o-rpritttir o atitttclirte contenil:o- r:r.rr,i rlo in[elegero a specificrtllui raportitt'ii llr ,,'ttet]uno$- r rrr,rrii " a,llat irr cimpul tle investigalie. Se afirrrtil, iLnplit'il,. rr,,t,r, rlr,.l'initolit" a cara.t'terLthti in:forlnrt.!iottul ttl 't'ttporldri'i 1,r,1 rll,ct'iilor ptl tare ltt sttgett'az',i lrtrest tltttttt'nirt1 lll at'i- trrrl, rii de tip cognitir.-ittfoltnttlit.rtttt,l in etiLllzt lt'ztliv[rii g,r,, rlr,nrolor. 'lt'mele tle t'erct'tnt'c :rpltl sult i1tosllr,zll, utl{}1" ,l r,, rl,rrli alc'irtuite tliu unitiL{i rlc ctttroir;tet'e-ittfoltnalit'. ( ll ,,r,^lrrl cunotr;telii se coustitttit', itl varjalele sale fol'rtrt' ( ,,r'r r rrle, printr-o erptesitr iitforrrr:ri, iotrirli. Srt'bit'r'tul intrir, nr ,r,1xrrt,uri cogttitir'-ilftll'rtt:ltitllta.h't'u tttt lttttttttjl ('()ii- Irr ,r, rntql'tnlrtitllal trplirttttl itt {ot'ttlir s:t cla:it'iL sltit ltritt r r r r i, r:,r,{'{'Ic ttittrlttLllc ltlt' :tt'httii:ii ittfi rt'tttltl it'e. .,^,,1)l11 geiret'ir1 al lltrlitr.'lrtltri rlc t'c<'ttttsttttt'1it' t'lristr'- rrrr ,r ;ri1:'.-1 il lt pttzinti. utrittrtt'a, cottt llletttclttalitlltrelt :1, rl0 r 1, 1;11;istlii trle ltrrrrii sLiirt{ilit'r' si tclttrit't' {itl six'r'itr'l rlr ,:*il'slletrtir-'a qtttt'r'alit'i lt i-it rlc t'itltrtltltt'.tt't')' Sr'i'ril- rrur,,'rrz-il ([1). itr t'atlr'rtl irt'estei vizitttri. ('li Pt'rtbietrit' rl, ,r,r';irrtrillitt itrr.t'stigltlt''.t tttttlt'lit'ii xrttxtrlrti irl sii Ltt'trililc l,'i r,:r',r, (irspt't'111 tlc ttl-itltir 1t'1t't'l it' t'it't t' st' tiglt'stt' sltier'- lrv i,i, in iriint'rl tehnologit'ii), irlee t'olt'lirli <'tt tteloill rir' r r.1r|.-i1 ac,til-ti din lllrltr'll paltenrnrlui 1t'ltrrologir' t'l'il.ttilt r r,il solicitl"r, pet'fttr.tniitltrt t:t:olttut'ii irt.lrtrttrtlir'i itt rilr' v trttt.n 2, p. .!$). ()lriet'1ii't'k' llt'eslcrt llcf ittest' 1tt'titt'tt it'tl- rrri,rrl|,iLrl r'ert'ct'i1ii frtntlatrtt'rttille rl sltttp tt'ttsi6ttitti, tlt" r!r ir,i,,rril'tr tI ttll()t' ltrrttiipll tir.l ittLtit'gt't't' si rlr' ('rtllollitt*c, all" 1,,'r't'irtiit't'it ttnei tt'iiltsfot'ltliLt'i. lt tttt'ttlttlitirlii t'ogttiliVtr ri ii[,n'irra.!ionrtle. l)ourr,triilc irlliltt, irr rlisfrrrtrL (.tlll(]s(1 {) ,{l,"l,",,ili,'t't'tlt'tttiri ttntitt'g't'itlit'itr 1x'otttttzirrrt'. tt air:t,t' rlitl^,,,iilt.i,1i irrsrrlrrrolrtrrllilt' tlilr ltlttl.lttttl -'-' rrpitt't'tr1 liIsil rlr, ,r r,rrt'aIro -- tl1 s('llsLllLri tlirr stt'ttt'ltrlilc ;tiirrlil'it't' irt tt'it' 1,,1, i,.:.r". lllrr.ile itrtr:r'ogalii S{t uits('. itrsi, rlttlta ttr't't'[ttit,l't'rl rprr',r i.l,1.itt'i llosilrilitil i. ( rrr jutt<'tilL rlitll r'c t't'k' rl6li lttlrri rr,ln' iltt{'a;t-t^l'ii - - ('trl! tttliilttit, l)()s(rs{)ill'c ;i t'ttlitttlltltr tlt' i'i(,lilili tt,,i,rt,e si t't'ii lt'ltttrlltlgit'i t'41'(' ol)('l'(':rzit ('tl asltcr'tehr lin'ilr,r,1e ale crtttoir;tr:r'ii -'tlelet'trritri-t itt t'irrtlntl t'tttto:rstelii .i t,i. lttitutliuii fil0srlfir'o-tttt'lrltlt.rkrgit'o allali{i:t .ttrtot' ill- irti.;,i,li.eseIIliitl(), titr nritrittti intt'glirle ir strbictrlt-tltli ittt.r'-o (,{}ll.t,trr)vcrsi-! .sitnilal'ir l11r'pprtl ttl ilot' isttlt'iei cugctilii tllltal}{"' Sql lt"fortnUlertz.i lettrelc- ftttitllttntlntClor', i}lo ittttrrrlCit't'ii gilr,iralui cat'o il t'lltczal si t'rrrezt it1lilr'erlt 'itttlxtl.riv:r'" liur:.',l..iilor salg legi,si pr"gcrptt'rlg iltr['gt'r't'si le('ottsl tttt'l it' i r**tului ;i irrr:igirrirr.utrri. l,r'tr:r.lllinril t,rr.al it'i ;l iinlifi($ I I I 1 i { i -.r lj$il r).,
  • 17. olrier,tivillc la rrivt'iril sislr'rnt'ior, tclinitre zr c,oittlusrl;'i o <'t'izir rrrt'lotloLrgit'i, la lrle<loat'ii in lor.nl stiinlei (,oti:; rtrli: lx)r'l^lne gt'trt'r'a.1oar'('il'ullor irrcer,iiltrrlirri ,.tlt'(.I'este].r.'r.,, I rr plrrrrtrl :tt,1ir i1ir1ii (.orrr.r't'1e, rruttrl ut'eu obiet.l j.,,ellrr epis'Lerrrokrgit'i irrfoltrr:rliorralt' r'e1rlt'zin1 ir l.lr.itutte prt.trilrl rrrorlttl t'urrr ct'r'r,r'1 irt0t'tri urtliui (,iil,rr f il ol)ot,ll t,u sislet .,*:le itt frit'rrru t iorurlt, rrrl orrral e isi rlt'slisoar.ii trcl i i'itn1 i'lr rle, r€.r.* ('e1 irle siill al' 1t't'Jxri si o lealizezt'. llolul asis1t.rr1.ei r, rt1,o- rrrate iri (.t'r't,t'1 aleit sliirrtifici si lehrrologit.ii, sti.a1 r,l.,rtre, 1t'luiit'i1e rlt' <.elt.ctrrle, llrolo(lele, crit.isticile 1r.el)ui(' .; fie riltl)lc, rrrolrile, trlltulrilt' rlt' rrrotlificir,i rlirr l)et.si)(',(.i,tvi{, t'rttrslienlizirii l'aplulni r.ir levolllliir (.ornl)ltterirrli rrr*t,;,, iu-[ Irtl IItnnlii o irrtcgt'ule ilc noi leirnologii, r,i :i o ittlr+.: tyre rlc rii.l'r't lte tilturi tle itt.fornalic (1J. l). 2$ii). Itr <'trrllul l)l'ogtlulrriltri rroii t'lrirtt,rrtologii, rlirrlolt,.,rr- 1r'r'tlist'iplirrrrt'st'rlt'sfiisoali irr vt,tleleti atitrger,ii olleirii- vttltti t'r'rr1r'al al intt'lt,gt'r'ii lrr;rlrldi'ii ltrorr.trIot't'ttr1t,t.,,ittt:. !['t'itrrologia inl'onrtr.liorrnlr"r ricyirr<' birzlr urrci rroi leirrrr,i,lgii itrtelet'ttrtrlc itr (:ilt'c cllnoirstclt'ii 1t'riletit.ir si lc]inieiie gnle rpt'r'ifit'c (tlt' t',retrr1rlrr, illtllizit sistt'rrrt'lor.. llt'()g'r,iill,r1,lroil lirriulij si leolit plobairililitilor') rlevirr dt't.isir i' irr }trr,, €r{u} t'orlilicirlii <,uuoaslclii lr,orctir.i' si ul r,ealizirr.ii irrerr;,i,iei stiirilijice si lchrrite (l;i, 1t. 7l -;;). iJ. I rrivorsrrl reconsirft'r,iiritror 3.1. lloclificar-cii conltiintci mr.to.krlogicc a itj,rrel Stallirrl t't,r'orrsitlolililol riirr t'pislr.rrrologiii (,()11,:-, ou- la,tri oste 111'fs1'111i11x1 tie rrrodil'ir,ililt' t.lrlt' itu sn1.-,,,ni1, a,1it lil trilt'lrrl r ir'1ii sliirrlifit.t' r,it sj jtr slcltr sjslt,ri r_rjc)t: 1r'litrict'. irr litcllrtrrr'.;t (.ollsil(,1,r1:-r lrccslei ltnrlrlernalir,i rrs1t,. r,ull- lirritli, crr t'lirliltlt', rit'r't'si1a1eir rrrrei rroi r-izirrrri in1r.rllr.,ii,{rii 1rt' nr0tlif it'i"rlile ,.t'er.0lu1i0ilirr.t"t irle elior,ii : ..1)at.li el,:I, lirirrrt'i I'r'r'olu1 ii jrrduslr'itrle lr rhrs la <itrrelslrlt,ll l:r1rr 1111.. l'ilol rlirrlr'e snbiet't si olricr'rrr srrpurrinrl sulrit'r.1ul ,Jrjr,ll lui. orrrul rleletrirrrl rrrr 1t'l <le r'-rt'<luturrl ,1.} ,, rrrnr1r,:i-fil -'-ri rrrasirrii, ('t'r,r, rllat'ilor.rrrrrtirtii irr stiintli si tellnirir.,era <'r'lei rlt'-lt dorur lt:r-'hr1.ii inthrstt,iltle r.a dut,e Ilr t.,,!Lo,u& 34 il: 'r .,irr(' ir I irlx)rtllt'ilor tlitrltr sttlrit'trt si tibict'1. t'r.:sti1'rtirrtl ,rr,, .lrr rlirrrerrsintrt'il sit l)icr'allitri irr t'ontliliilc l)lil)liti l{'- q r, ,1,rl intlttstliitlc, t'1 r'etlelt'tlirttl , 1lc urt lillrtr sttpct'ilrl', .l .r, rn r u l rnirsittii ttttlrlt't"rte. st i'r pirrul plollt'i tllrti si tt tie-.1 itt" rl t, 1r 'J1). rrilr. opl,ittrii alt' c'luttrLttil irl ii t'elt'ctitoliLrl ll lrttl asl ft'l ;r,.,' 1i'rric rlirL pclsptltivtr trrttrstit'rti-iz:.rl'ii st'lritrlllillii ('ll .rt rrlirrr. trtt'lotlologit'r't. I)ltdrtlttjir 1tt'tttt'n o itlilrtriilrc t'ti- Irr r itsillllil, lr,itnologit'i. [)rilltlu o islttlit' criti<'i il l{'ll{)- rr,, 'rliri 1r']rrroiogit'contttt'c:tzli irlltlt gctrel'iili tl ('il(lillllli lr, .,iico-leot'e1it' tlt rttrillizit t'lt lititilillitl ltl lil{'1 (r(iologil'i l.', r r.lrrl lit'{ii sot'iitli'. -rl. (,ulll sirlrlirri:t Il1'rt l)ritouitrr',,,[)t'tt1r'tt :t l'i illr'- 1,.,,,r,, lrilircrr, lr'lrttit'i, Ll rt t'it'r'i ('t'('illif ii t'ottltilritli sliiirlit , i ', '';r,. ?ll(' lrr''{)it lit' tllltr,t'lltt' l'rllit'tI rlii't'l'itt' tit' :ir'l'lt'lt .r', ','r,"1i'i ;tiitrtr"' (li, ]l. -1 1l). t'r'r'siliiii';t tttlli ttoi I i' , : rlii'ie1c rle iutt'ttiltlt'r't'i'il tr'lttrrllorlit'i ittl'ot'tttliiit'i'(':lir' {..r . ..irrteglltiilittt'lt si tlt'st,t'tttt'irlii:ilt't'lt itr :tilittt iiiil"' :l .,, iui i:r. l('nullrit?r tt'zi"r rr lui ]lrirslrlrli ]lr'l,rtillut pi ir-iltrl ,r,r ''rrjttl'' (Jri('ir('i tehrtologii t'itt'r'iitst'lttttttr"t .t'lti:ltlrrilt':t ri, ', ,,rltl iu vilrlrt slrr'iiLli i1ii, p..{1. rilr'slt'rigrtlr itLittt.ll rlg yr^rlr'rr'('l):iltri sirrlt.lir.tliLlllt- l.i:lr.r'lut,s-tttt plrrtltl. ill t'1rrtt':t t'olt1r't,t1rtll'ltllit: i) st'ltilll- irrr ";L fitirtlilntt'lrt('i{}t' ii'ctttit't' l-Lli' t it'tii irrlt'lt't'titalrr {rlis- l: r.r ur lilltn istrtt'it' ittltt' siiittlrt .,t'llt.,rit'i" ;i l]i('llti)li- lrr,i,.,), r'nguitii'rl ('ottlcitlltotrttlt): j) iltttotlillt'tt'lt ir'iiJirr- l,,g'i irrl'otrnutit't' l)llt1ii1{,itt'f' 1t tlitlli 1l(}ll lil('s:1.i. -cr'"tlt r(' ..1)lilni lltr'{ial itr l'rtzt'lt' siil(' ittititl[r'. ilt 1r't lttt']ri 'r,'t'11- rlr tr,:uri ,tll)i('cLttl1ti tr'tii'tir': st'lrlttilit,ltliilt' lilultil)l(' lltl ;-1 rtt't't'silrilt' iir lrlirtlittiit' i'',1 iIl)il!:tttt1 tiii'lrttloiogit', < tt !r i.'ti (ir.' r'r'itlt'ii si ttttivt't'sttL i'ttttt'i'ltittitl t'.':is{t'ttir'. lfjitrl.:i rr"lr i,rri. ltul{)l' lli attt}rt'Lrt' trrotlilit'it'i litriit'ltlt'. st'sizt'ilzi r r,i-r';, rtir t'h.rl tlr,' tlii'it'trl1 lt1 t', lit't itlttirlri l)('ll1 l'tl t'tlttsl it'lt1 i- zrli,..i, rt'r'ottsttttt'1 it'i 1r'olr'1 ict'. l'ttttt'1t'ic tlt'r-ctk'l{! iIl'l'tl- l,1,:f iir.{'. t'efct'i1olrlt, llt t'r.tttoticlill('it ('on('('lrluirlii il lill)lii r rrilrrtiilrlti (,on-{'l'g irr ,:ttslintli';t tolttltti tir^1t'r'trtitt;rtr"L lll str,irr:;t'i si iilosoliti : .,ltr iit't'llt,ri iirrrp, gintlit't'il rtsttlltit i.r';;,;,)11.;g-it'i titt ('s1('sttlit'.ii'rrti. llt'lritrtlo.qirL lr'ut'1itit'i i'tt- ir(,,;i,;)i.(,1'('it ;tiirrt'ifit'i ;i trli'elll}ieirz:t ;tiittllr 1,'r'rrt rll I eiili- ztrri"'iL tlr' tL0i ilnt'11.t" (liil' ('il Ittt t's1r' sill'sll tlil('i l'izirtlr i i{,1$i.ri}r'11 iuiltii (,rlt'o :-rl"t, t.ltVrLttst'zt' i Iattsl'oIrtt'itl.ilt' l)c (rill'o lrrr,r;,ri t:t itt-qisi It' itrtLutt'. .-tttttrut.,sfiialrt 1i .lilttrlfi'r' ltrtt tr!'a1; 1'f,.'.,3 {1,9(tttptlt't.t, i'i:itlrrr'" (s. 1r. :i1:i). ')j)
  • 18. lr liler':rl rrli'r se t'x pr'irni <it'r.i loinl gr,'rit'r'lrlizr'iri1,,,,. a1u, irivt'l lilosof it.. r.a o rrtt.t,sil:tlc irrlt,r'ni tr lurrrii 1r'hrrolr:r.l:'i,rur, itt ltto<'esrtl i'alot'jzijrii sltlc sor,jalt'. 1rr'irr tlt'pi;ile:t rri;.1,r,r.i- t,n1t'i lt'rrsilt,krl rrrirsulitle urrilal (,l itl (l(' lt'gile rkxur.l .;ului .it'lrtric. 'aiirltrlt,ir at.t,irsla l.rolerrlilrli aslririr Iil intr'gl;;,:r,tlil, ,ttl1 ('rr1 ir'li itr lutrrt,lt orirrrlui lrlirr pt'r's1rt't.1 ir.ir, sirrer.lu,l,ir:ji l)(' c,ar(r o olt'r'ii f iiosolia lrr lir t'lul gcuelirlizlil,iiol si rllil- lizt,lor salt' sislt,llal i(,(,. Lrr rtrorlul ar.t,slll, lt,inrrilogiil. r:hial tlaci rru rrsle' i)r.l!.- litlolu'r' tlt' filosofit r.ti alllr'e, llu s('t't'lrlize:rzir tlr,1rl,.i . in Ittttrt,lr st.trsrtr ilrir' 1i tl r alor'iir)r, ulnane tlee it pr,itr sltl)1Ir)ljJ.ea Jr.tti tlt' prirrr,illiilt' rrrt'tlitalici si iltet'itlctir,ii l'iiosrir lle : ..1'-ilosol'iit e s1 r'irrs irrtr:r'r.rileltrli't cir rli-st,iplirrt'ltr inl'lur,:.,i ,iiat.t' tle t'urrrpr.itttizilr'r'. l)a s1urliazir asllt'r.tt.lc orrlologir:r:. t:'1,1()- scoltisict. ;i llrkx'it,e alc proc:tsrrlrri <rorrrltrrtcrizir.r.ii,,ila, ltritlizt'itzir irict't lrrir"irrrl r,onrpult'r'izitlctt t.t l't'nornen ri,t)jo- r'rill rrlal'' ( 1, l). l 1|9). llai rrrrrll rlt'r.i1 alit. st- lolrrrrrL'irzi lrlrtloirr.ii llerrtlli .t,l':1"- laltra [1 iirrlt'i irrlirrnirllici irr i t'rlt'r't,a spor.ilii (]ultoa,,.,i()l,ii" itttt,legt'r'ii ,.i itt!dcltt:iunii. I)rrlrir r.rrnr sr,t.(.lru'(.1-r ilr llr- t'r'iililc rle eregt'zir, irt corifttrrrtitrea (,u Illlnlel,oitsept,ol,ilr*lre tlitt :tf ala ;l iirrtt'i. irrclusir- t,elc' <,ir1e itnlrlit,li, ap)i,r';r,r'ea s1 iirr1,r'i a'('lu t)el-oie rlo iltr'lt,pr.itnre (1n'it.r'1rt'r'e) Illi r.ytllll tlet'.i1 rlt' lrtlt'r'irr'. Slrrtliult'a rrl ilizirlilor. inlortrral.it:i. ,r!!rl- fr'tirrtal'err <,u llolrlerlitli(.?r sir irt'1 t'rogerrir lle,buiu rii se Iucri ittt t'-o rrurlit't it irr{t,lcalrtl't, irr opiriit uno}. u.1 1,'i}r.i r'e[)l(fzentillir-i ai <.orrrunilir{ii itrlclct.1 uir]t' (10, p. .ltii. I'?i,r,- licillr;tleil filrsofit'i si klgit,ii lu 1u'uet.lrrrrrl cltl r,et.orrstr,',:,;t1.ie i ltlalecl rtalii - <'a sist errr tic left'r'irr1r, l eolel i<,e - +)$1,r) *tstfel accenl tra,t li irr lit (,r'ill ul lr rit, spccialilal t' : .,Int.r:}ii';l {,ir, rtt'tiliciaLi t's1 c asliz.i o t'r,lrli1ti.1 t'1t'lrrrir.o*inrluslr,irr,lii, gi ;l iirt! if it'o-tt'olet it'ri rlt' r.at'r' l'ilosol irr si logit,ir, l rtl.lurr. s;il !irtit, srratnil" (l7, p. 26f)). ('onsliinlu irlilurlinii fikrrorlice irt tlitlalea problenl('l()I' irrlblrrrrrliei t's1 e t,rltlesiu 1rnlli Jll'oie('t ttretorlologit' t'iglttos eryrr irttal 1l'ilintl leol'jir !.r..xrrr- ]'rll'i:r infolrrrn{iei (.tlr'('r}rr cs1 r'rri<.i eu posillilii flr,i ,r, vi- ;:iutte f ilosrrfit'ir il-rrplrl. lrrnrii irr (.ilt (, s:"r st, r.rrllrirr<1ir, ;i :,iluI itt{ctltrratiei. Se rlesr'liirle irr 1:r!a noirstt'i rrn florrl i,rlr,:'t,e Iulg fiLrsol'it: 'i stiin{il'ic tlt lrrr:rlizi si inlclprt'1*rr (S). ln stlucl nlil f(,llolll(,rrrilni (,orrt])u1 er,izirii intrri ,1i rrrs,rti- ltlirrelc ttrrtatristr', t.t,r't.t'tlrlt.lt {jirrtl r-rriurtall'1, ilr tlil,erli.,i:l ittl,elprel,lirii <,onset,irrtelor'.;rulurrritlizl'rr,ii activitirlii lli{fl..i,n,le il oulilhli. (.'al'e pr'(''e(le ..lrtr cxr,lurlet,r'lr liri rliti a(lest 1)I.jrues. jl(; ,r rli-llilittilt':l olttittrit tr lutrttiilol' iltt't'tt ottl 5i iltir;ittitt r l,y. l)irectirr de irrlet'plt't:tl'tr cill'() s-it ltttts1,i1,rtit, pr;lt1e f i , rrir('lt'r'izt1 ii pljltlr-olcla,Jie'lliutiivtlt:ii tlirllntttcl tltr-rretlet'r' rrrr.lorlologit : irrlr'ttsilit'trt'a trtlt:ulizit,r'ii stiirr!ei ;i telrrricii lrl l l)ll1 t.r.t'lor.. rt inteligen{ei at'l ifittinle irl 1tx.r,1 rl rlottltrlriilt' r r r l o l r r nr t itii. prtlalcl r'u t'-r t itrtlttt'ea posilrilit ill, illl t'llllIltt'l- t cliz.ilii. itrfot'rtratiziilii sliin!elr)r' lllrlanil a,]'c' ( ) st,t'it- tle t'r't't't'tiili rle pl'esligiu lctrlizale itt lltl'tl rrorr:1r'i lr'k't ri c'it : ..-1iltti1in, irrl.trligrlrr{ei a'rtil'it:ialt' t'irlit'ri lr ulr lrlart nou ploltlt'trr:rt.i('a' olllllhli. Nlr'tulil (luprili(l(' 1,,r.ilrilil'lr1t'il (l() rt 1it'orltt<'t'irrltligcrr!i, 1lt('ilsti.I str tlrlvtrt'le;trt' rlr'ir li o ptoltliciitlr' irt.lot'tttlrl.irltralti:l, ltlIol'sl,r'ttrlltu'i il.t- l,rt'ntirli()rllile. I):tt'ir irrlot'ttla!ilt r'ste atiL tlo itttlxrtl,lrtrli, ;rrll'r'l i'ltttt t'it Iri st'tlt'zlliluie itt :t t]rtrla, jtttrtitl,attl tl, sc(roltlltli . cslr' tle aslel)1ir1 ('it t'rt'ttltstii' ltol.illlle xil itrflttt'lt1er.t' rrrr rrnnuli vizirttrert tto;ts1 t'ii. sliirrl.il'ir'i, tl:tt'1i r:t'll' lillrsofici r:ul)r':l lrtruii'' ilt), p. 1,lr-t(i). Itlol.rlertur r.t,ia1.it,i olrr-(:alcllh,lor. r.r.llrsliluie un I'entlrtt,ll Irorr irr .yislrli ttl 1it'r,liltmr:lrtr qltha,kt lt.le t'tlttferrllxrt'ltlltril:"t1.ii. 'l'r'httologia irrlirt;rrul1.it'ir f6r'gtttletr.z.'i s(:()l)lll'i sii str,r'r;itri ;n'itr- u'ipitl ltti irt t'elc tprri rlil'trlitt' sfttltl nltl at'1ivitir,{ii tl}lril'tle' Sri rnrxli{it'l-r irlealulile. ttttt'}ttt'ltr, sl,arltla,r'tl<'lu (r(}l'('e1il'ii stiirrtil'irre : s(' s(,hitlilri, rle !l.s('ltltrl(,i1,, t,ottti,ttrrlul, ;t cr,,n- s1i'rrr'.1i4 utnsliiitlei nttlttiri,rLgit'r' rt, ;Lii.tt!.t:i (20, p. !1)0), rlr'- o;u'e('e. tlupir t'rtrtl ('ste (llll()s('111,, pl'(-tt('s(rlc rltl exlr'llsirtrtt' :r tnttc'{iilrti' so<:iitle r}c ;l iintt'i s(r rtfpel'(illtt'azit, lrtll cl'rlir' lr suJlril corrl1t iintci pt'olxiei sale irlt:tl1 i1r"r!,i (21 ). Altaliza lululni llr'1 orrtiui ltlltitll irr crtttlc-rttrl 1lt'rtlr'lt'- lrratierii glofuaie irr t.61t.gr'dtrn!.i gu 1n'ilrtipirrl sislt'rtitlltti 1tt'r'nx.ineilt tle 1t'fe1itt1 (' ll(l l)(rl ltlil,o 16rrslil1'lt'l'ea' lri ;rl'o-' blcntcle gloltalc itrlri in gtutttlt;1 clc, Iogic'i"l tsi istolie (!:Jt" Iiealit ltt t'lt, cct't'r'l rr lii r'ottl. itre pl't)l)l(rtl telo i trt cl'lult ilrlri i 1 ('ot'ie-Ill'ac1 iciu inlr'-o ]totlit peI'slxrol ivii, iltt.tlrpt rltir'livi-t ge- r'el'atii; in prt'zcnt. rle trott{e,rt,uL <lettlt't'"slllilor. tlesfir'5uttttt' rn Ye(ielea rea.lizirlii colnplllel'izirlii globale (2lJr p. 4ir{}1' JJeci nu. rrutllai reflt't'ti:l socirr-1lolit,ic1"l, il'r'e ('lt, o!)i('('1iv pl'oblenlc glo'bale, tltrr ;i (iunoarctert'tl' poirte tltrvtltti r) alill'(l ,-qarcintl peiitlu crjtrmliialen ;1.iirl!,ifi<lir' Depitisirezr' rrirllntllti r'ognit.it-- st.r'icl, eslc lele'1r1, tltt t:trrcet,alea, t:oltlcll-lpol;11]i cai:e sus{ine ci : ,,ln ploltlertra eriteriilorqi ralol'ilor.t'os- nit,ive tot nra.i tcirl pusir, t'pisterrmlogii tk'mrlttstlcaz'il .r.'r"t opliurille olnuhli tler ltiinJii ies irl ull,irnir, instau{I,- tirrr cidrill eiinoa;terii puie, t'aporl.indu-se Ja isl,tlri:t, r:tlllrtt'ii ;i c,iviliza!iei orrte'rre;ti" (24, p. 1l)'1). )7
  • 19. ilr .,ltrJrllt rlc ntal('t'ii" lr sliirrli:i aontellrlx)r'iltre sirLt itr't't'ise: lr.lttt.lt' t'i11g1'11.'lizilii sliintli. r'cl'olrilr rliscipii- rrt'lrir'. iltt'r'plctlilelr (rel('i rlt'-rr --ir I cr-olrrt ii infolrrru{ irr- ttill(', s{'lltlri{it'atiili'tlittrctr:.irrrrilol qtroscologi(,r'si -irlol.i(.rl irle (,olupll1r'r'iz',"rr'ii. 'lrliarrtele rle tris1,r11i15 *,' jrlenlifit,i ['11 ]rol (]l'i('ittirfi lertlctit.t : accsttir ili)itl. (.ir lcll(lilt1(' (,iri,t st irrrpurr rlt..jir irr r'llistcrnolrigir' 1l,irr rlt sr.lrirlt't.ilc s1lr.t: :triolrrgit' si arLt I oixrlogit' (iltidr',ttt,), s1n e ltr.axioiogi:r t'r'lL- .[u:riir-i (li. ir.-11) 1). liclile in sl'l'r,lr r.orrrutrili{ii rli'irLler,- l)l ('tiu'l' trcr't'sillrtelt t'ftr.1uat'ii sl uliiiLrr, lu.ivirrrl rlirlerrsiu- rrilt' asiologir.t' lrlc inl'olrnirl jt'i (?)) si <.olrrlxlretitit r-iilolir,i, iL r:oruprrt<'r izit'ii ({. 1r. 1f)i). trlrPrt'siil ,.iirl'oltrratia-t'csrrlsi s1 r'u1 t'gir.i'f a licut crli- (,1 ir. lrlr,lloutlt'r't'rr1 l)r litrirt 1t<lsilriiitirl iLrr, rrurtcr.irrlc 11t, irr.irrptrLir (', :ul)l'illi('itirrtl r-lloill ('it ('(,o1r()lrrir,i si l)(' ir(,1.'e i1 polilico-llilrLrrrurti<.i. l)csi sulriirt.r'rr1e, st'rrinilit.itiiilc s1 iirr- i il'ir,r"r si lrrioklgit,i uu lost .,rrrrrlllilt"' tlt' sl r r"rlucril't'u r-alclL- Iclol olx'r'lrliorrirl'cvitk'tr1r'(r't.otrorrrir,t') siriL rnai tlisr,r't',t +, t 1l riil ito-rl ipJorrrll ic'c). -alolleit irrl'olirritl it,i s(, irrsc.r'it, irr r,irc[t.rrl iulitiiz(,]()1. r'iLr c 1rr'ii-est', itrt r'-o t'orrf igural.it rlual l, t'rt trl ilrttlr.r rlc i tt- "lr;t'tttrrlit', ('orr('('l)1 ('()irtrll':it irrai lrrr t0r'rrit. irIirr e,t,ncztj si i-lolit.irr rrrrirrit,t'lr li,lrrrir'o-t'r'urronrir,i ;i t.ttrlttrrt,trt.itr.lrtr- itrrtliri (rrrr irr plirrLui I'irrrl cr,orrorrriri ). lrotr,ivil ultoi. r'r'iit:'ii :rsioklgit,r'. S-rrr; t'r'lrliilu Iu rrrorlul l<,ostir saltrLl rle illr r.trl1 ul irrlolrna{ici la lrulrlizu vrrlrr,ii i)r'ez{'u1t', rlllr,. rrriri itlt'., lrotetll,iltlt ll itll'ril'llrlt1,ici. (litrtliilLli'it rle irrl.r'rr*r1it. :rl i.1:rt't'r'rig('lllt'lt' tll:r)1' l)lt){'(,st, ttt itt t. ll tlll{)l' t.,rtrstilrlut i rrri rrrl llric irr lrrrrrrnif i ltiilirrrrtrl r'i. 'aLrat't,ii si cl'alriitlcir, irrlorrrnr{ iti irrr vtlil'it'ir irr prirLtiqrrll trc.cstrt r,oot,rllrrLrrlt. r,i iit'r)l)lllt r.rr. :i t'ir1t,gi1' o ul il urlitrr' 1lr)ui in {iit,ll vit.tu!.ii 1'or'- rrritlir't' :r irilolrrrirtit'i in lrllil)li1l'oil lli rrr<'rlirrl jnleligcnl. .trrlrlil ir,ur t.lr sl'r'r't'i plol.rlt'rlral izunl r' rr cpistt'rnolouit'i, ro1..l;1lri ttl rtritliztl(',lr,ilr1r'trrtir.l('it llrrr.i lilosolii:r 1,,11111- icgir"i sLrlrlirrirrzi t,i ,,. . . cl);s1('n)o1()s-ia t,i(licr"L pr,ob['rrrt 1r;1it't', scrrt:irriit't,. t'ogt1i{i1'r', trrciotioiogit,c. orrlologil.i', ririolrgit't' si t,tit'r"'. (5, 1i. i l7). lrrl'$r'rna1 iri, iu'e rtrerrirtlr si irrstit rric rLtl pr.ilrt.iltirr rlc ltlLrlut'iiate pt' t.oolrlonatr' n1o{[e11ro. Inlrrirrr trr.gttnrcrrlrrl t',rii'ldt'ii i tt.l'ot'tLrrliri tit t'tt.l'rtrntu!ie tr ntnne1., irr |r'irtml r.in11 1';' 1111{i111' "i ot'giutizttt'r'. Utt 'tlitt(, l}l()('(,s lr itctt'sillr iri.li- { rri;'ciL iitiiri cult'nt trxtYelgcnt getrc|lrl t,lt act tolrst.i(rili_ 'rir' ,lrlerrtif i(,iti'rl 1r. infolmit1, ici rlrLp:'t tlitclii ){e-ct'e xpl,r,if ire :rit,t't"i ruuitirului : rrorltillt', ot'igirltlitalt' si oltlitrc itnrlurrl I ., l,r i()r ilirt(' tllttiirlii itt lltttt:escle tit' qtll('zil a itil'otltlttlit'i: r;r;ror'ltrl rlittlt'e lolltttleti, ('tt l'('ztl]ttl1 itl l)l'(]('('s:'-llii si trtitt- r:rI{,ir ('il t ezttllal lrl itt tt'kl' llttlitnc tlt' e tttttlitllt't't' (tlitrlerr ' irrrri rrlc rnrt'i troi elit'i a r'trltor'1ului orrt-t'alt'ltl:l1tlt'iti olrti- rr,'r'r'rl "i 1'tttrt'liotirtt'r'lt ittlot'trrtlit'i); 1lrr1t'r'tti1it1t'it ttltliitiit rl lt tnu'ului alt'iltrit irr l'rtzit 1lt't't'otirlmtt'titrll'r tiirr ittfrlt'tltrr.l ii rll ruilttt'i"r ttttiattir, iitl itt fazit r'ttttrlltrtet'ittlit, tiilt itriorrrr:t{ii r r r l lorluse pe ('al(:tllrrl tll' ; itl'ltlonizitt t'it, t'oI'clltt t'il l iprtl ilru' ,lr,irrlolruitlii ob{irittle itt fnttt:]ic tlt' i'lttlonll lttetlottlitlli;t1 l:r nivt,lul sltrttrtritii 1t'z-trltlrtltti - t'ictiretrlttl ulltilll tlt',:r1l- t.irrllt' si et-ltlrtalt' lr itrl'ot'ltrir1.iei. 3.2. llcsajul eiristemolrgici socirllc Il] li1('r'iltllli se l'rtt'tttttlt'trzi prttrt'1e rie r-r'tit't'e i'at't' lt'rt- l crtzir l cttrit .,rpi,slr tttttlrtrlit'i srrirrlt'tl itt tlrluit' 'il]'jlillt(' jtt1t'r'- prr'1it1ilt'('tt ('ilt'a('lel ittt'lotloLrgit'. ll1tis1t'rtrologia sor'i;tli t,sl1' ,, trtctorlii ltt'rt1tlie. tlt'zr-oitltli rle itrfol'tlralit'l't i!{ir p. ){i7) ; eil it l}itr'(' ('il tttt ittsl t'utll('llt I)ellt r'{l ot'gltttizltlt'll, si cottl r'olrtl 1t'ztttu ttlui t'rtttoaslet'ii tllll?lll(', sltlislit'itrri rt :t,r'it' tle ttotc otr)ttrt1iottalt' ltltt tlelttet'stthti ittfotrttltl it', irrr-ersitrrlu-se. tle l:t1lt lrtitt ltt't'as1.a, r'tlx)I'tlll l'('tll (lilllI'(' lt'le rlortii tlrlrrrctrji rtle t'et't'etiit.ii. I')pistertto|rgilt lllt l)o:11(' :r('('('lltN 1ol1l tle ?t se i(ltlllifilil t'rr rttrll tlill trlelgrlt'le ittlor'- rrr:r1it'ii, ea, oleli rttt t'tttlt'tr ttlt'lotlologitl lf,tlnet'ltl t'rl t'rrl rrlientatir' ;i yrt'rr1r'n jrrlolrrratjt'ir,. ilt set'ia t'r'ltlnitr,ilot'irtleIt'stlrrlt'el)is'l('lll()krgiit srrt'iitli st' itrst:r'ie t'a o lertlitlitii rl(' il tltrliitsi slarlittl t't'tt'i'1i-ttilert' ',tti<'ro alt' t'llislettt(,16giei su|itrc1 j1g irrrlilitlttale (slltrlitl t'tl itttlelutrgate atliiliz('eft'ttttate) l)t'ill1l'-tlll statliu rle trivt'l tn(u'ro.--cesl tr t'olesprttttle zrnirliz('lof itrlt'r'a<:l.itttrilrlt' rlitr so('ietat(l si rttetttttt'iei t'xctstttttllt i<:tr. itt callrul l.eot'it'i folntrtlale tlt lelr'elirtolii Jeesc Sllctil si llargalet }lgarr (2?, p. 135- ll3?), cpisl,enrokrgin.sot'i:tliu. tlsle tlefinitir, 'tlrept .,slntlielea a'c{'lol ln'o('ese. 1u'irr ' ;rlefi Stiriefatea (.ir utl inll,eg se ple0tllpit s','r rlolrilr(ltlts('il ,tlf per.spertilit sau o lelrrlie iltelig'ibiltl ftr(ir tlt' trrerliul arrrl-ri;rti.tI totai-f izic, psihologic ;i inteletlual" (ibidair). lJt'-i ftrt-l rrrulatii Ia, inceputirl deceniui.i VI - 'ct'io?r4i tie tlelrlrl. il el'ei infolntal-it'e? ('o1l('elltiil aceirsta, II'irt ]liz.uilrl a ttrtei lterspect,ire asult.a rl|etliului itrteleclrrrrl, ]]l'r]lrtlll(, tlt'st lLl- ilerei urrei snill' tlr, llr.oillt'ylc) rllirj()r'(r alt' lurrrii lliirl'('i'.1i"r . t,:.l
  • 20. dc <liltol.orrriile irrlrotluso t1c ittfollrr:rtir,i : nrtrrtili - lre- rnrnta,l, itrttrligenfir, nal;ttlalir -inteligrn!'il altificialii. Su- ge;tiilc folnnilirttr tlc Sltera si llgarr t'otr{in intlicttii privinrl corrtrenl,r':rxfa, lx! rrnriliza lroduct'r'ii, rlislr'ilruilii 1i utilizrlr'ii protlustrlor irrt,elecl,uale, itt rnotl siurilat' r,rllelierrtci tle 1,1'1"c6rla.L(. pc (lilr'(f corrrrtnil:t1r'a;liirrti{ir'ir a tlobirrtliL-o din cer'(re1;:u'(ra plorhtselor rllatcrirlle. l)alirltlt tliulr't' nroclul tle ptorlutrl.itr in sr.rrs r.crxtornic ;i t't'l irr sr.rrs intcler'1n*l de- {irrr, rk.sigtlr', forl,a, sugeslici ,,solirlilir1.ii" llnol' ti1.ruri tle a('l iriliil.i rc('os?u'c, <kr rrrrtritn'i irnltot'1arrl'i l)cntru lialir srlrriilll"r. Sallttl rit. 1u rtivt"lttl intlivirlrtal lit tcl sot'i:tl ll curxr:rsterii st iirrl if ice (f?1 olriot:t rle slrtrliit. rrt'ct'sit,attrl urrri irrra.gini gLrlxrlt in lrlatrul lefleclit,i sc r-ct'if ir'ir r'11 a('ui- [:rlr in lllezt'rttul infotrtrttiz:rt t'alt' t orrft't'ri lroi rlirrrensiruri sot,ializiilii t,rtrro':rslr.t'ii si t'I't'a{ici ull}i{nr...[ilri"terrrologiir. tr';,.[1r ,,s{r('iil,ll"r" irr sonsul att'crrtutilji r'alut'1t'r'trltri irrteltlis- t iplinar', ltl ampli{ic'Xrii rrrci:anisrrrckrl sislcrrrnl rti rle inter- relrr,i,ii, it1 tnnstiurli.idt'f'l i'i:itltii dr rrttsqurblu rlsul)r'i'r, ('tt- it{)ir,st,(}r'ii si trertrctt"rlii cotttt,rnpolit irt,. ljs1c o t'iristcrrrolo{itr lr socia,lttltti prilr rrxt,t'lttrlir rr sot'itliziil'ii lrar'l,itl zrtttolrrrllc (irrlolrrra.tirre) rlirrrir 1lu a a(teLu' rle t'ttrroasl('r'(' ('tr il1ale. t'tt o ittrttutit,ir cvirlctitii. il I'ezultalclol'rllcstrrtrt. lt lr'r'eptlilii si rrsirrrililrii trulroastet'ii irr t'otiit'-r1e t itrlit'irl tlt'ost,bitr: lirtil, rIe 1lerioarlir I)r'c-(f{,rnl}u1eliu.1[. Utrst:ltitlr,t't,lt t't"t't'elliril{)l'{rpislct)ro1clgi,'t'}I)tc z{)rirl s()r'i- alulrri irrleltrt,rralizai, sa,rr r il.('t('lol inlclcrtrnrlc sot'ializatt" irli n 1xu'tit'ipalr.a inteligcirl.t'i rir'lificjalc t'sle lrclalnatii de lrlorli['irr"rlile esclrl,ilt]t, rlitr sfelt r:ct't'e tirlii si lt apliclt'ii l'czull,irl,t LiL ilr,t'stcill irr r-iiii,:t sot'iirli, X')llislerrrologia ,,.so- r'iali" rrstt., irrlr'-o rrrai at,t'cntuzrti mirsnli. o r-izirtnt' filo- sof itrir. .si rntrtorlologi<:ii lr-rrtq)rll 1'olrolll{,nt'trtit' r'ale lcgiti- lrr,..rrzr"l utl.tt:ilu fuzi istolit'i th'c}t ctitpi :l r i11 ii intelt't'- tttrrlt. itr ist,orilt girrclilii. NouI lrtes:r.j lrir r':r,r'c il itrtlothit'e lcirtrologit irrlolntaticir, r,ou({Ll{r(r l:l lcslr'trr,tlrlirri lrlc rrctilitirlii ul)}lulc itr g'crteral. lir, l'{rnorrrenul ln()u{li:}tizirt'ii c'elcetiilii <1c'zr'oltitlii. (lelr'c- 111i'j[1r irr dorrrtrrriu trlrtrsirltli"l cir sfir'1itrt1 set'olttltti XX t^s1r nrltctt, dtr a lll-ii, revolttfie inthrstlitlir t'at'c adu('t: (:tr sirrt, rroi forrntr rlc snclgit, noi rniikr:rce tle tlirtrsport 1i 'nr)i rrrotluli (1o conrttnit'ilte. Onrenilea pirlt'untlc tstftl irrl r.o rduiliza!ir *, rtrnotrSltrii, u rtru n ulrii'ii ,s j a t'rt'ttt.un'i- t'ririi nr.tttttt*fcr'ili, in rrat'e iirfotrrrrrl,ia r-a irtc:r un rol de rrrill,ct'ir, prinrii ptirnolditilir, llrtli itnltoltlrttti rler'it re-rur'- strln rtt irrcr'&lt, ,si trncr'get it,r: (18). 4{) I rrlorrvr:ttizill'ea so('ie1ir{ii t sublilii:rt,, irt pt'itrrul lintl" ' lrtrl.;r,r'ulosul inforrnal.,iri ca lefitu'sii.rnaterialir,, obiee-l,ivntri rr l)r'osralne tnnrplexe cale au lIlgit sfera posibilultti :rllionltJ. ln ut'est t'orrl,ext se leconsideri"r,, irttr-o intersec'lrie tlt' 1rl:rrrrrri. ri{'l'ii}-pro(e-selor tle gcnezri a inforua{iei pe tlir- ,r.rrl rrnrau. l'alalel t'u solicitalea sernnificati'[ a subie('- trrlrri uman in at:te inedite, specifice elei infolntatice, se plolrlcnralizea,zir - in platr tcoretic - tlirtarnisnttl tle atr- ,;rrrrlrlu al inlorma(iei, Jntr-utr lerit,abil frtr al cr.rtrrytiintti ,lr.i'irrr'. irrfolrnllliir isi t'celirlueaz.i' r'olurile lle (1iilre le ,lr,lirrc irr t'arllttl liclclol tlt' crutoit;tclt'. '['eluro]ogiu intt'ligenlir, t'stt t'x1u'esia, sirrtelit:i, eslr' ,'orrseriil{21 infot'trraliei in<lustrializale, (litr' .l'or'{a rl cle{,irre rrrlormal,ia, iti sine ('at'e rllanifestit, o vasl[, plaslit:ila1e;i rf i velifici plopriile ('apa('ititi lrlilt folntt'le irrtlrtstr'i*k' r Ir' ltlt'lut:t'alt'. I'r'olllerna allatit in sft'ra elnt'idllilor'es1 e tt(rcca a lttoeJit- iilililo]' de in1.t'lecet'rt ;i tlt' er-itlert{,iele irr viil.or il I'e.?-('t'- r r.krl tlt, posibililrili ule inlornra{iei : vont fi rnal'1 ttt'ii rtrtt'i lrrrltitipfui ext'htsile' t l'olutelor' lehnologice t1e ittrtlt, gtltrl rlr' r'orlplerilalt', r-onr ilsisla la nrcimentele vitrt<tlit,i att's- r()r'{ .an valiitnlele unrane, non-t(}hnologice, vol' lllcll, 1l}r lol esen{ial in ploresele lumii contemporane ? itr opinir troasltr"r, teltnologia xc1rrezinl'.i nurttai rllt r'arlltl rle nianilestalc' tr lalentelor irtftunit{iei itilr'o t'tii in (rat'e uIIrul-d{'}nirilg esle lelilabila rt,suriit lr tltvcrlilii -i implinirii genelale. Tocmai slalutrtl acestrti nuu par'ttriet', t'itlr'ttJliltrtttl. instit,uirea leiluiui sirn in i.qtol'ia nrentalilir,l.ilor ttu rtttltt:li rn sfela tlezr,ollirrii tehnologit'e const,ituie un plogranl tle Inare aniploale si lesponsabilitate. Alfa,betizar (':I il, ilr- sernnat o nott'.'r. ello('i"r, cultrilalir, lln noll ntotl tlqr gindit't' si a presul)us 1ln t'od al colesponderil.ci intle lrrrit[{ilt' s('xlt]r'e calc {:oni}nneau curirrtele prin interrnediul e'i;'olit r'cl explinlau itlei I se matelializau acte cognitire. ,rNl'o- nlfabetjzarea:' inlr'ocluce rezerre de adaptare qi dc accc.ll- lare a unei situa{ii radical modificate, a existenlei cafu'n- latorului cu statutul de partener : €a va avea roiul sri instituie un nou corl al tlansformXrii creataale ll unili- 1,ilor de cunoaqtere-informalie in cunoryt,in{e ale unui medill intelectualizat, r:n grade diferite tle particiltal'e int€14( - tualfl (umand ryi tehnologic[). ,11