1. Team A: Week 4-5 Global Supply Chain
Business Analytics and Expert Systems for Small and Medium
Enterprises: New Product Development Value Federations for
Creating Innovative Supply Chain Management Systems
Robert L. Brown
Global Supply Chain Management/DDBA 8510-1
Moutaz Abou-Robieh, PhD
January 2016
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2. Table of Contents
• Synthesis of Ideas from Literature
• Gaps in Literature
• Research Topic
• References
• Annotated Bibliography
• Summary
• Questions
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3. Synthesis of Ideas from Literature
(1) Supply Chain Value Mapping
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1. Profiling
2. Mapping
3. Creating Regional Hubs
4. Collaborative Governance
5. Communication
6. Seamlessly Networking
7. Training
8. Alignment
Wisma, M. (2008). Global Business Management: Current Trends and Practices. The Journal of Applied
Business and Economics, 8(1), 96-109. Retrieved from the ABI/INFORM Global database

4. Synthesis of Ideas from Literature
(2) Learning Supply Chains.
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1. Inter/Intra Organizational Learning.
2. Supplier Innovativeness.
3. Outsourcing for Tangible vs. Intangible Resources.
4. Supplier Learning Styles. Explorative vs.
Exploitative.
5. Learning Traps and Out Sourcing Tangible
Resources
6. Erosion of Exploration of Outsourcing of
Resources.
Azadegan, A., Dooley, K. J., Carter, P. L., & Carter, J. R. (2008). Supplier innovativeness and the role of
Interorganizational learning in enhancing manufacturer capabilities. Journal of Supply Chain
Management, 44(4), 14-35. Retrieved from the ABI/INFORM Global database

5. Synthesis of Ideas from Literature
(3) Strategic and Tactical Collaborative Actions
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1. Product Innovations.
2. Process Innovations.
3. Relational Innovations.
4. Data Collection Strategy.
5. Downstream Collaboration
6. Descriptive Statistics
7. IBM SPSS-Walden Quantitative Class
8. (Watson, Cortana, SIRI, Avatars, Second Life and
Google Analytics).
Cassivi, L., Hadaya, P., Lefebvre, E., & Lefebvre, L. A. (2008). The role of collaboration on process,
relational, and product innovations in a supply chain. International Journal of E
-Collaboration, 4(4), 11-32. Retrieved from the ABI/INFORM Global database.

6. Synthesis Ideas from Literature
(4)
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1. Importance of Collaboration.
2. Strategic Alliances.
3. Joint Ventures.
4. Cooperative Arrangements.
5. Virtual Collaboration.
6. Vertical, Horizontal and Lateral Integration.
7. Reduced Administrative Costs.
8. Example. Bonded Enterprises and Health Insurance.
Soosay, C. A., Hyland, P.W., & Ferrer, M. (2008). Supply chain collaboration: Capabilities for continuous
innovation. Supply Chain Management, 13(2), 160-169. Retrieved from the ABI/INFORM
Global database.

7. Synthesis of Ideas from Literature
Figure 1.1. Learning Supply Chain and Protection of Innovation. Preventing
Exploitation of Logistics Members. (Parker, Zsidisin, Ragatz, 2008).
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Capital
Preservation
Revenue
Stability
Real Time
Expert
System
Decisions
Learning
Organization
Expert
Systems
24/7
Monitoring
Political Economic
Environmental
Unforeseen
Events
(Terrorism)
Creation of
New Ideas
Learning
Supply
Chain
Expert
Systems
Logistics
Agile
Business
Explorative
vs.
Exploitative
Global
Supply Chain
Warning
Market
Instabilities

8. Synthesis of Ideas from Literature
Original Ideas
• The core proposals in this presentation are supply chains can
become in the a learning consortium of companies.
• Synthesis and creation of new business models through supply by
the creation of learning cooperative value creation chains (Value
Federation).
• Value Stream Mapping to find optimal partnerships for particular
projects within the Value Federation of Companies.
• Flexible workforces, moving employees throughout the supply
chain.
• Flexible workforces could present an answer to global
unemployment issues and severe market variabilities.
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9. Synthesis of Ideas from Literature
Original Ideas
• The core proposals in this presentation are business analytics
coupled with the new online Expert Systems such as IBM’s
Watson can give Small and Medium Size Businesses insight to
predict and prevent business disruptions caused by supply chain
issues. Synthesis and creation of new business models.
• Proposals for Early Detection of Idea Theft:
• IBM SPSS Connection to IBM Watson (Head’s Up Warning)
• “FITBIT” Sensors for Businesses. Monitoring and Analyzing.
• Early Warning of Global Supply Chain Disruptions
• Market Instability Warning Signs
• Real Time Expert Systems 24/7 Supply Chain Order Adjustments
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10. Gaps in Literature: Research Topics
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• Expert Systems and Artificial Intelligence Systems are needed to
manage the complex web of supply chains.
• Detection of fraud, waste and abuse in supply chains is a National
Priority. Expert Systems will be necessary to monitor supply
chains.
• Planners in the near term will be a combination of human and
artificial intelligence systems.
• Microsoft Cortana and IBM Watson, Google are all developing
intelligent assistants. How will virtual employees change supply
chain management? Social, economic and employment impact of
new intelligent computer controlled supply chain systems.

11. Gaps in Literature: Research Topic Areas
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• Employees, Suppliers,
EBay, Amazon and
Free Agent Suppliers.
• Peter Senge’s Systems
Thinking.
• Second Life, Virtual
Supply Chains, Virtual
Products and Services.
• Federations of Value
Producers.
• Supply Chains that are
intelligent or meta-
intelligent collaborative
systems.
• Virtual Employees.
Artificial Intelligence
Systems inter
communicating.
Artificial
Intelligence
Intelligent
Value
Federations
Innovative
Creative
Supply
Chains
Learning
and Sharing
Supply
Chains

12. Week 4-5 References Articles
• Wisma, M. (2008). Global Business Management: Current Trends and Practices. The Journal of Applied Business and
Economics, 8(1), 96-109. Retrieved from the ABI/INFORM Global database.
•
• Azadegan, A., Dooley, K. J., Carter, P. L., & Carter, J. R. (2008). Supplier innovativeness and the role of Interorganizational
learning in enhancing manufacturer capabilities. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 44(4), 14-35. Retrieved from the
ABI/INFORM Global database.
• .
• Cassivi, L., Hadaya, P., Lefebvre, E., & Lefebvre, L. A. (2008). The role of collaboration on process, relational, and product
innovations in a supply chain. International Journal of E-Collaboration, 4(4), 11-32. Retrieved from the ABI/INFORM Global
database.
•
• Soosay, C. A., Hyland, P.W., & Ferrer, M. (2008). Supply chain collaboration: Capabilities for continuous innovation. Supply Chain
Management, 13(2), 160-169. Retrieved from the ABI/INFORM Global database.
•
• Handfield, R. B., & Lawson, B. (2007). Integrating suppliers into new product development. Research Technology
Management, 50(5), 44-51. Retrieved from the ABI/INFORM Global database.
•
• Parker, D. B., Zsidisin, G. A., & Ragatz, G. L. (2008). Timing and the extent of supplier integration in new product development: A
contingency approach. Journal of Supply Chain Management, 44(1), 71-83. Retrieved from the ABI/INFORM Global database.
•
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13. Annotated Bibliography 1 of 10
Virtual Inventory Test methods
Chen, J.-X. (2012). Multiple criteria ABC inventory classification using two virtual items. International Journal of Production Research,
50(6), 1702–1713.
The authors describe inventory systems as living organism that contains multiple items that can impact the entire system.
Traditional inventory management techniques are based on the ABC classification method. (A) very important, (B) moderately
important and (C) relatively unimportant which are used for human planners to maintain safety stocks. Determining the importance
of item has been dependent on unit cost, lead time a commonality and scarcity. The authors recommend a newer method entitled
Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS). Planners using the TOPSIS concept of negative hypothesis
along with the hypothesis. Advances neural networks will be needed as many of the advanced material scheduling methods within
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems are often beyond the capability of material planners within small and medium size
enterprises.
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14. Annotated Bibliography 2 of 10
Ecological Supply Chain Simulation Systems
Cirullies, J., Schwede, C., & Toth, M. (2012). Intra-simulative ecological assessment of logistics networks: Benefits, concepts, and tool
enhancement. Proceedings Title: Proceedings of the 2012 Winter Simulation Conference (WSC), 1.
Environmental impact according to the authors is now a critical component of ERP supply chain managers. Ecological planning
dynamics to predict and prevent inefficiencies, such as express shipping, air freight from China to the United States and
transportation of resources from ecologically fragile environments. Carbon emission calculations methods are becoming necessary
skill for material and logistics planners to understand. If the introduction of carbon taxes are adopted, then the least carbon cost or
impact material, good or services will become the preferred method. ERP systems will be required to manage multiple supply
chains and their environmental impact.
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15. Annotated Bibliography 3 of 10
Artificial Intelligence Systems Driving Supply Chain Innovations
Gunasekaran, A., & Ngai, E. W. T. (2014). Expert Systems and Artificial Intelligence in the 21st Century Logistics and Supply Chain
Management. 21st Century Logistics and Supply Chain Management, 41(1), 1–4. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2013.09.006
The authors argued that the complexities of supply chains, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems, Radio Frequency
Identification (RFID), and Reverse Logistic Planners (RLP) are increasing the educational pressure on businesses. In the case of
RLP logistic systems, environmental laws require the tracking of the end product back through the supply chain tro understand the
full impact and carbon cost to produce, transport and to power or use the product by the final customer.
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16. Annotated Bibliography 4 of 10
Mobile Applications and Social Capital Within Supply Chains
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Leber, M., Weber, C., & Adam, F. (2014). Mobile Application as an Innovative Supply
Chain Concept and the Impact of Social Capital. International Journal
of Simulation Modelling (IJSIMM), 13(2), 135–146.
The European Union according to the authors cannot compete in the global textile market do to the low cost of imported
Goods from Indiana and Asia. The authors propose that using web based order systems that include the customer and
multiple and in some cases traditionally competing businesses to create a cooperative and mutually profitable market
along with advanced planning systems will neutralize the current paradigm of low cost wage jobs that are increasingly
Exploiting human beings and the environment.

17. Annotated Bibliography 5 of 10
Software Agents as Disruptive Agents of Innovation and Insight Within Supply Chains
Mandić, K., & Delibašiś, B. (2012). Application of Multi-Agent Systems in Supply Chain Management. Management (1820-0222), (63),
75–84.
Software Agents (SA) or Agents are programs that can interact within its business environment and is capable of autonomous
action and decision making. Dynamic and unpredictable events within a supply chain can be dealt with by an Agent and real time
decisions can be controlled even when the human staff is not available. Software Agents from different companies can now interact
and determine the potentially the most optimal course of action. Software Agents are shown by the authors to have the ability to
negotiate, pricing, transportation, delivery dates and country of origin that has the least costs in terms of ecological impact.
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18. Annotated Bibliography 6 of 10
Innovative Green Supply Chains as a Low Wage Labor Equalizer
Rehman, M. A. A., & Shrivastava, R. L. (2011). An Innovative Approach to Evaluate Green Supply Chain
Management (GSCM) Drivers by Using Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM). International Journal of
Innovation & Technology Management, 8(2), 315–336.
Green supply chains are increasingly becoming a priority for businesses. Manufacturing processes that minimize waste and pollution
have been called Lean Manufacturing and also are recognized as Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM). Just in Time or JIT
manufacturing processes are not necessarily LEAN or GSCM. In many cases badly performing suppliers inside a complex supply
chain will often be required to provide overnight or expedited shipping to keep a customer supplied. The contractual agreements
do not take into account the impact on the environment if the supplier has issues or is inefficient. Innovative supply chains should
fully understand the impact of contract, covenants and undocumented understandings between companies to mitigate the double risk
imposed on suppliers. Suppliers that are inefficient can be fined by their customers and by governmental agencies for environmental
impact.
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19. Annotated Bibliography 7 of 10
Detecting Cognitive Biases in Supply Chains.
Norshakkira, A. A. (2015). Web Based Expert System to Identify Trusted Partner for B2B
Collaboration. Journal of Theoretical & Applied Information Technology, 79(3), 365–369.
The authors propose using web based Expert Systems (ES) to evaluate the trust a business can place into a potential supplier
or business partner. In many cases, human emotional or issues of favoritism can cause a business to enter into a suboptimal
agreement. Web based ES system that are trained to become a consultant for a business can examine agreements and weigh
the proposals based on objective standards that are able to bypass potential human cognitive bias.
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20. Annotated Bibliography 8 of 10
Ontological Knowledge Modeling for Material and Supply Chain Management
Plinere, D., & Borisov, A. (2014). Development of Ontological Knowledge Model for Raw Materials Management Task. Darja
Plinere, Arkādijs Borisovs. Ontoloģiskā Zināšanu Modeļa Izstrāde Izejvielu Pārvaldības Uzdevumam., 17, 61–65.
Ontological knowledge based systems differ from more traditional taxonomy knowledge bases in that ontological systems
are able to share common information across multiple software systems, software agents and human beings. Multiple agents
across a domain of systems are able to interact and exchange data directly with each other, versus going through a centralized
exchange or single point of control. In traditional supply chains, a small group of human beings can make decisions that can
have long lasting an in some cases negative impact on a business. Ontological software systems can be taught to examine the
business reality and maintain impartial unbiased decisions on purchasing, shipping and discounts for customers. In tense business
decisions, human beings can make emotional decisions. Interactive well designed ontological based knowledge systems can check
the decisions of human beings in or near real time and advise on potential business course corrections.
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21. Annotated Bibliography 9 of 10
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Sharma, G., Qiang, Y., Wenjun, S., & Qi, L. (2013). Communication in virtual world: Second life and
business opportunities. Information Systems Frontiers, 15(4), 677–694.
Second Life is an Online Virtual Reality computer network that allows users to interact with each other inside the Virtual
World. Second Life according to the journal article authors allows traditional human communication methods of business
That include word of mouth, billboard advertising and testimonials to be used to connect buyers and suppliers together.
Suppliers and customers can meet within Second Life, create simulations or supply chains and enhance communications.

22. Annotated Bibliography 10 of 10
Visich, J. K., Gu, Q., & Khumawala, B. M. (2012). B2C Mass Customization in the Classroom. Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative
Education, 521.
The education process of the entire supply chain is often overlooked during business negotiations between customers and vendors.
The authors propose that students of Supply Chain Management Systems research the web sites of businesses that offer
customized versions of their products. This concept is known as Mass Customized and was first proposed in 1987. Three
dimensional printing for example is a disruptive technology that has the capability for manufacturers and vendors to produce
different customized parts using the same large scale metal, plastic or ceramic 3D printer. Customers now are able to design
their products online. For example Dell computer allows customers to design and virtually build their computer. Dell then
takes the online order and the Dell manufacturing centers create the finished product. The educational process will need to extend
to the end customer, who if they have a 3D printer could create additional features, which further extends and expands the capability
of the entire supply chain. Customer now with a 3D printer can make their own customized Smart Phone Cases.
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23. Summary Supply Intelligent and Individual Supply Chain
Management. 3D Printer, Second Life, Virtual Inventory.
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People, Process,
Programming,
Procedures,
Production
Supply Chains
Intelligent Creative
Dynamics.
The return of cottage
industry in the Age
of the Internet?
Disruptive Forces.
3D printing and
Innovative Teams.

24. Questions? Comments?
Questions? Please contact me.
Thank you for your time.
Robert L. Brown
Walden University DBA Program 2016.
Professional Information.
Information Technology Manager at Indiana Limestone Co.
Interests in Artificial Intelligence, Expert Systems,
My Contact Information
robert.brown9@waldenu.edu
metacomputer@yahoo.com
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