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BI for EHSQ: Realizing the Benefits of a Data-Driven Journey 1
BI for EHSQ:
Realizing the Benefits of
a Data-Driven Journey
BI for EHSQ: Realizing the Benefits of a Data-Driven Journey 2
Advanced analytical capabilities are the foundation for improved
decision-making and performance in all key functions of a business.
That’s true for quality improvements and also applies to improving safety. The more data gathered, analyzed,
and shared, the greater the potential for discovering opportunities to make our workplaces and our world
safer. The collection of high-quality data forms the foundation, but the real power is realized when raw data is
transformed into business decision-making insights that are shared across an organization.
Getting there happens in two ways:
a) Through embedded analytics, where insights are served up in real time, directly from machine to
user (and machine to machine); and,
b) Through self-serve analytics, where the end user creates and communicates their own insights
through easy to use analytics portals.
Self-service tools make EHSQ (Environment, Health, Safety, and Quality) analytics possible at every
level of the organization, helping to align people processes and technology to play a key role in change
management. Additionally, enterprises in pursuit of transformational change are embracing machine
learning technologies that help them make discoveries, optimize their workflows, and reduce human
failure points.
This brave new world of analytics involves experts sharing everything. The aviation industry is a great
example of how shared data supports efforts to predict (and avoid) failures and accidents, improve
quality and drive smarter business decisions.
Introduction
In God we trust.
All others must
bring data.
- W. Edwards Deming
This paper discusses how the use of shared data
improves business processes and supports safety
efforts in new high-risk areas. It also demonstrates
how transforming your company to becoming
more data-centered is both possible and easier to
achieve than may have been originally thought.
“ “
BI for EHSQ: Realizing the Benefits of a Data-Driven Journey 3
Everyone throughout the organization needs to be involved in the creation
of a data-centred approach.
However, MIT Research (as shown in the table below1
) reported in 2016 that less than one in five
organizations can be considered “Analytical Innovators” – a position fostered by data-centred thinking
– when it comes to making data-driven decisions. But, the trend is moving upward as these numbers
show significant improvement from 2015 when only one in 10 organizations were similarly ranked.
Creating a culture of analytical innovators takes time and rather than becoming overwhelmed with
the consideration of a vast overhaul to get there, it’s perhaps better to consider a steady climb up a
business intelligence (BI) maturity curve when it comes to EHSQ functions.
The EHSQ Business Intelligence (BI)
Maturity Curve
11% 12% 12% 10% 17%
60% 54% 54% 41% 49%
29% 34% 34% 49% 33%
2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Percent of
respondents
classified in
each level of
analytical
maturity.
Analytical Innovators
Analytics culture; make data-
driven decisions, and rely on
analytics for strategic insights
and innovative ideas.
Analytical Practitioners
Working to become more data-
driven, primarily to effect
operational improvements.
Analytical Challenged
Rely more on management intuition
than data for decision making and
lack data management skills.
BI for EHSQ: Realizing the Benefits of a Data-Driven Journey 4
The journey up this curve begins by assessing where your company is currently ranked. The chart,
below, shows a framework for three possible stages where an organization might rank on a BI maturity
curve.
Rather than becoming overwhelmed with the consideration of a vast overhaul, companies must consider
steadily climbing up a business intelligence maturity curve as applied to their EHSQ functions.
Stage 1:
Limited BI Compliance
People Safety/Quality Stewards
Limited data analytics capabilities
Process Minimalist
Ad hoc
Technology Spreadsheets
Descriptive Statistics
Business
Strategy
Reactive to events
Stationary survival mode
Stage 1:
Limited BI Compliance
Safety/Quality stewards
Limited data analytics capabilities
Minimalist
Ad hoc
Spreadsheets
Descriptive statistics
Reactive to events
Stationary survival mode
Stage 2:
Modest BI Performance
Safety/Quality team
Business Analysts included
Dep’t head use analyses/reports
Central data experts
Management dashboards
Trend analysis, forecasting
frequent, timely reporting
Proactive to priorities
Project based
Pursuing north star
Stage 3:
Advance BI Transformation
Safety/Quality Center or
Excellence
Data Science (full stack) team
Data Personas at every level & role
Advanced insights
Experimental and future based
Self Service
Data Mining
Predictive & Prescriptive statistics
Machine Learning with IoT
High Velocity
Algorithmic
Pervasive in all business functions
Culture of “how we do everything”
Mapping entire landscape
BI for EHSQ: Realizing the Benefits of a Data-Driven Journey 5
Companies at Stage 1 or Limited BI Compliance
focus on the basics – recording failure incidents,
launching investigations, conducting annual
audits, and reporting these incidents to
appropriate authorities. The work is typically
ad-hoc, utilizing basic toolsets, such as a
clipboard (real or virtual), a spreadsheet, and a
makeshift classroom for teaching safety. Initial
visibility into outcomes relies on injury statistics
and numbers of staff trained. These metrics
provide little guidance on what to change and
how to improve. At this early stage, companies
can drive some measure of improvment by
putting in place basic, structured EHSQ
programs, policies and toolsets.
Stage 1:
Data Basics for Compliance
Considerations for assessing whether you organization
is in Stage 1 of the business maturity curve include:
1.	 Do your users rely heavily on Excel spreadsheets to work with data?
2.	 Are you finding it difficult to know which chart types to use for certain scenarios?
3.	 Do you find that most of your records are not stored in a standard way?
4.	 Are there major gaps in your data management practices?
Stage 1:
Limited BI Compliance
People Safety/Quality Stewards
Limited data analytics capabilities
Process Minimalist
Ad hoc
Technology Spreadsheets
Descriptive Statistics
Business
Strategy
Reactive to events
Stationary survival mode
Stage 1:
Limited BI Compliance
Safety/Quality stewards
Limited data analytics capabilities
Minimalist
Ad hoc
Spreadsheets
Descriptive statistics
Reactive to events
Stationary survival mode
BI for EHSQ: Realizing the Benefits of a Data-Driven Journey 6
Stage 2:
From Data to Insights
In Stage 2, an organization understands what is working and what needs to be overhauled in terms of BI
processes and practices. An organization may have put in place a team to guide analysis, and provides
organizational communication and education. The focus is no longer simply to know what has happened
– they are considering why. Moving beyond “what has happened” to “why is it happening,” means both
qualitative and statistical methods are used to better understand root causes, variations in performance,
and developing future forecasts to identify operational opportunities to improve safety and quality.
At this stage, companies typically use multiple solutions, including behavioral change programs, and
have created and adhere to a comprehensive set of policies and procedures. They also utilize an
all-inclusive platform with tools to help their efforts.
Stage 1:
Limited BI Compliance
People Safety/Quality Stewards
Limited data analytics capabilities
Process Minimalist
Ad hoc
Technology Spreadsheets
Descriptive Statistics
Business
Strategy
Reactive to events
Stationary survival mode
Stage 1:
Limited BI Compliance
Safety/Quality stewards
Limited data analytics capabilities
Minimalist
Ad hoc
Spreadsheets
Descriptive statistics
Reactive to events
Stationary survival mode
Stage 2:
Modest BI Performance
Safety/Quality team
Business Analysts included
Dep’t head use analyses/reports
Central data experts
Management dashboards
Trend analysis, forecasting
frequent, timely reporting
Proactive to priorities
Project based
Pursuing north star
BI for EHSQ: Realizing the Benefits of a Data-Driven Journey 7
Real-time reporting from real-time data offers insights into performance, provides critical indications of
apparent danger, and may even predict outcomes as a result of various actions.
A study conducted by Forrester estimates organizations on average analyze only 37% of their structured
data, 22% of their semi-structured data, and 22% of unstructured data.2
Much of this semi-structured and
unstructured data sits in activity logs and workflows, the so called “dark data” of an enterprise. It typically
goes unanalyzed, yet has vast potential for real insight that might help an organization improve its EHSQ
capabilities and processes.
Intelex Safety Index
The Data Science team at Intelex had the opportunity to sift through 10 years of dark metadata collected from
1,000 customers, from activities, including software usage, applications and features used in their frequency
and patterns. The objective was to investigate if there were any hidden insights that could help enterprises
understand safety risks and best practices.
Several insights surfaced. For example, recently the team observed that customers that saw reduced safety
incidents over time had increased the number of reports they viewed. This insight is an indicator, not cause
and effect, in which we might note that users who are more engaged seem more likely to lower safety incident
rates. Along this line of reasoning, as summarized in Saving Lives and Limbs with Big Data, Intelex’s Data
Science initiative discovered the following:
W H I T E P A P E R
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< CMYK
< PMS
PMS: Pantone 3005 C
CMYK: 100, 38, 0, 26
RGB: 41, 128, 185
WEB: #0076BD
Saving
Lives & Limbs
with Big Data
By: R. Gary Edwards, PhD
Saving Lives and Limbs with Big Data.indd 1 2017-02-28 3:28 PM
•	 Going the extra distance to collect enormous
amounts of non-regulatory data is associated
with lower rates of minor and major incidents
•	 Recording “near misses” associates with
occupational safety ratings that are up to three
times better than companies that do not
•	 Keeping records of employee “pain” is an
excellent predictive indicator of occupational
safety ratings
•	 Demographics are predictive, including on the
downside the percentage of new employees
and contractors on site; on the upside by location
size (larger is better) and the ratio of supervisors
to workers and on the upside by the ratio of
supervisors to workers (higher is better)
•	 Dramatic variation exists among the various
locations of an organization, with up to 14x
differences in occupational safety between high
and low performing locations within the same
company
BI for EHSQ: Realizing the Benefits of a Data-Driven Journey 8
The Intelex Safety Index was developed from discoveries found in the Saving Lives and Limbs white paper.
These elements were those items identified that consistently determined to predict lower OSHA rates.
Enterprises that capture these elements can benchmark their safety efforts for valuable decision guidance.
In almost all jurisdictions, incidents and fatalities are reported, based on the location of where these happened,
as a regulatory requirement. Similarly, companies also may track product defects. In the event of poor quality
causing human safety risk, companies must pay for recalls and corrections. As mentioned, tracking product
and safety failure rates is a requirement. But those companies looking to compete more effectively pursue
higher metrics of success in order to win in their marketplaces. These efforts may include assessing customer
satisfaction through Net Promoter Scores and other metrics.
Data is not enough
Data is not the same as information. And
information is not necessarily “insight”.
In business, smaller subsets of information
are derived from large data sources. The
analysis of data becomes information.
And insights can be generated from
information. An insight should bring in new
knowledge to a decision-making audience,
of which they would not otherwise be aware.
Insights must be digestible and grab the
attention of an audience in order to be
understood. Lastly and most importantly,
insights should drive appropriate action.
Employees need to be motivated to do the right
things by also understanding the root elements of
what drives success in addition to what fails.
Celebrating doing things right is highly motivating
and often reverses the regulatory compliance
mindset that keeps successes secret and makes
failures public. It’s good for business.
Industry benchmarks that help organizations
understand how they stack up relative to the
competition, provide a clear indication of where
they are today and the direction they may be
heading. A self service BI platform is a means to
improve benchmarking capability by offering a
data-driven view into events, including failures.
Embedded Analytics
To support good decision-making, insights need to be available in the moment, embedded into the business
process application – that is, embedded BI. The term may be relatively new, but the concept has been
around for a long time. An analogy of BI can be visualized in terms of driving a vehicle. The dashboard tells
you exactly what is happening in that moment. You can see your vehicle’s traveling speed, rpm, temperature,
fuel, engine performance, etc. Triggered alerts provide critical real-time information sourced from sensors
embedded throughout the vehicle – things like tire pressure, oil and fuel levels or doors being ajar. You drive
with constant data feedback. Although we take it for granted, a lot of consideration goes into what data
needs to be served up in order to create actionable insights that improve the safety of driving while also
maintaining the quality and performance of the vehicle itself.
BI for EHSQ: Realizing the Benefits of a Data-Driven Journey 9
Why operators cannot be the only source for knowledge:
1.	 Not all operators have the same level of experience or expertise.
2.	 There may be slight variations in temperature and vibration that may be undetectable by
a human, but could be immediately recognized by a sensor wired to an embedded
analytics engine.
3.	 An algorithm that predicts problems and failures never needs to rest or take a break, and more
importantly does not have its judgement influenced by extraneous factors (e.g., taking bigger
risks or skipping steps when time is tight).
4.	 For large-scale manufacturers, data from thousands of sensors can be run simultaneously
versus the human limit for processing one thing at a time. Algorithms served up through Internet
of Things (IoT) sensors that provide embedded analytics feedback and automated action is the
way of the future.
Manufacturers are now looking to create similar “dashboards” in order to manage and improve quality.
Predicting machine failures is one example. A steady stream of data is available during the operation of
machinery, including temperature and vibration. Over time, certain equipment may break down and the
outcome correlated back to sensor data on temperature and vibration, for example, may trigger an alert for
preventive maintenance. Ultimately, such actionable insight provides the potential for significant cost savings
as a result of mitigating breakdowns. Up until recently, an experienced technician or operator was the most
reliable source of predictive failures.
Constructing a BI platform that monitors critical business functions can be the beginning of a journey to
deliver better than ever business outcomes. Big Data capabilities offer the ability to make various sources of
streaming data available directly to end users and decision makers – not just the data analysts. Think back to
the vehicle example.
In addition to what you might see on a dashboard, analytics might offer additional information for use with
maintenance planning. Data that’s gathered and used to analyze how you accelerate in traffic could conceiv-
ably help save you money on fuel by suggesting an economical speed to drive on highways. You might also
monitor the wear and tear on components like brakes and shock absorbers through analysis of past driving
conditions and habits.
BI for EHSQ: Realizing the Benefits of a Data-Driven Journey 10
What new disasters might be averted from risks that we have not even contemplated? For every giant
leap forward in progress, the world is forced to confront new risks and, with these, new thinking on how to
prevent the worst from happening. To make further breakthroughs in quality and workplace safety, industry
professionals might look to build and share dynamic maps of this fast-changing landscape.
Stage 3 Transformation companies look to match their pace of innovation in building out and adopting
breakthrough technologies with innovation in quality and safety. They examine established processes then
collaborate with multi-function, multi-disciplinary teams to drive innovation in safety and quality improvements.
Stage 3:
Advanced Data Use through
Algorithms and Machine
Learning
Stage 1:
Limited BI Compliance
People Safety/Quality Stewards
Limited data analytics capabilities
Process Minimalist
Ad hoc
Technology Spreadsheets
Descriptive Statistics
Business
Strategy
Reactive to events
Stationary survival mode
Stage 1:
Limited BI Compliance
Safety/Quality stewards
Limited data analytics capabilities
Minimalist
Ad hoc
Spreadsheets
Descriptive statistics
Reactive to events
Stationary survival mode
Stage 2:
Modest BI Performance
Safety/Quality team
Business Analysts included
Dep’t head use analyses/reports
Central data experts
Management dashboards
Trend analysis, forecasting
frequent, timely reporting
Proactive to priorities
Project based
Pursuing north star
Stage 3:
Advance BI Transformation
Safety/Quality Center or
Excellence
Data Science (full stack) team
Data Personas at every level & role
Advanced insights
Experimental and future based
Self Service
Data Mining
Predictive & Prescriptive statistics
Machine Learning with IoT
High Velocity
Algorithmic
Pervasive in all business functions
Culture of “how we do everything”
Mapping entire landscape
BI for EHSQ: Realizing the Benefits of a Data-Driven Journey 11
It’s a shift in approach that transforms safety and quality improvement from being reactive to becoming
proactive and has the potential to deliver breakthrough strides. Stage 3 companies continually fine tune their
processes by using data from field teams in addition to shared industry data.
Companies at the transformative stage understand they are at the upper end of the maturity curve. Wins at
this stage happen through the aggregation of small gains where small advances are made by many team
members in many areas to improve overall individual and team performance.7
A recent MIT research report10
reveals analytically strong organizations significantly more often share their
data with their customers, suppliers and competitors. The transportation and warehousing sectors sit highest
on the list of those companies who share data to enhance their value to the market.
62%
27%
42%
18%
23%
9%
52%
24%
43%
24%
20%
10%
Customers
Suppliers
Competitors
Organizations with
stronger analytics
Organizations with
weaker analytics
Many governments also recognize the value and importance of sharing open data. For example, Canada’s
Open Data Exchange focuses on simplifying and enhancing access to open data for commercialization
purposes in Canada. Similarly, in the European Union Open Data Portal, a broad compendium of open data
resources is available. In the US, Project Open Data, serves to encourage open data exchanges including
code, tools and case studies.
82%
80%
70%
68%
63%
61%
52%
41%
Health Care and Social Assistance
IT and Technology
Transportation and Warehousing
Energy
Professional, Scientific, and
Technical Services
Manufacturing
Public Administration
Finance and Insurance
BI for EHSQ: Realizing the Benefits of a Data-Driven Journey 12
Machine Learning
In software, the Network Effect in digital technology is well known: certain types of software become more
valuable as more people use it. Personal social networking software is a good example. It becomes more
valuable to you the more your friends and family use it too. Machine Learning is in a sense, the Network
Effect applied to statistical modelling. In certain circumstances, the more data we get in continuous streams,
the more accurate our predictions become. An example here is mobile mapping software. It could be
programmed with a simple, static model that measures the distance between two points and the posted
speed limits to provide the user with a route and an estimated arrival time. But that would ignore the myriad
of other factors that influence how long it takes to drive somewhere. Modern mapping software accumulates
data from all users taking a route, both from the past and those currently driving, to continuously update its
statistical machine model. The Network Effect applied to Machine Learning here is clear: the more users who
adopt the mapping software, the more accurate the constantly adapting model becomes.
Machine Learning approaches often blend several statistical procedures (called “ensemble models”) to obtain
an insight. Whatever combination of techniques are used, the road to improved Safety and Quality lies in
part on our ability to provide better predictive insights and improved classifications such that algorithms can
reduce error and increase our efficiency in getting things done. The United States Army is advancing its use of
machine learning to develop safety based diagnostics for aircraft, along with integrating machine learning into
health and conditioning programs for soldiers. Whether it’s equipment or people, machine learning systems
are delivering improved safety, quality and performance.
60%
Reduction of Quality
Inspection Resources
Improved Product Quality
by Elimination of False
Defects and Stoppages
Increase of First
Pass Yield
Improved Production
Throughput by Elimination
of Bottleneck
21% 13% 8%
BI for EHSQ: Realizing the Benefits of a Data-Driven Journey 13
In manufacturing, machine learning approaches have dramatically improved quality control while reducing
human error and costs. A recent example of digital quality management was a neural network, trained on
historical quality control data, used to correctly identify defects in casted parts of complex equipment.
It tracked sensitive deviations from standards that inspectors might have missed, while successfully ignoring
false signals that inspectors may have wrongly inputed. Not only did this approach improve detection, it
drastically reduced the need for quality control inspectors.
Building a Team
One simple observation working with so many companies across varied industries is that much of
the “data-centeredness” of such approaches, ties directly to how core data is to their businesses. The
construction industry lags other industries in using data-based decision making because it is not a core
requirement for the business. Manufacturing companies have more data requirements. At the highest level
of analytical maturity, digital companies often have data as core to their business. Not surprisingly then, a
construction firm may hire one analyst, a manufacturing company may put together a team of 2 to 5 while
top digital enterprises like AirBnB have teams of hundreds of Data Scientists. This large team tackles the
tools, people and process they need in a similar manner to that of much smaller dedicated teams.
Five people rarely do the job of 100, but it is simply not practical for many companies to have a data analyst
team of hundreds. To achieve a better economy of scale, 20 to 50 companies might work together to create
a single collective analytical brain.
Airbnb Approach to Data Based Decision Making13
:
Data
Education
Data
Access
Data
Tools
Data
Informed
Decisions
•	 Aipal
•	 Data portal
•	 ERF
•	 Knowledge Repo
•	 Microsoft Excel
•	 Superset
•	 Tableau
•	 Single source of truth
•	 Access permissions
•	 Data documentations
•	 Data & tools request process
•	 Problem solving with data
•	 Using statistics & analysis
•	 Writing SQL & using data at Airbnb
•	 Visualizing data
•	 Setting up, delivering &
interpreting experiments
BI for EHSQ: Realizing the Benefits of a Data-Driven Journey 14
Airbnb, despite being in a highly competitive digital business, has built an open source library where technical
approaches to analytical problems in their industry are shared. They realize the power of collaboration. Even in
hyper-competitive digital businesses, the sharing ideas within networked communities is an effective approach
to solving problems and generating ideas. Airbnb is so committed to the organization-wide sharing of data
that they have opened Data University , an initiative to make its entire workforce data literate.
Lessons from the Aviation Industry
The aviation industry, since the 1980s, has undertaken in earnest the use of data and analytics in
automating airplanes and flight control. Since human error accounts for vast majority of failures that lead
to airplane accidents, and since the consequences are so dire, the obvious goal has been to reduce human
intervention needed to fly a plane. Sensors are now placed throughout airplanes and combined with onboard
computerized systems much of the task of piloting is now automated. Commercial cockpit crews today have
just two key positions – the pilot and co-pilot. Gone are the “tech positions” of onboard flight engineer and
navigator. Automated technologies that allow commercial airplanes to fly on their own have been in place
since the 1980s.
Machine Learning has been applied to aviation by examining terabytes of operational and sensor data
collected on flights prior to adverse events. For example, a team at the Institute of Software Integrated
Systems together with systems manufacturer Honeywell used machine learning to discover improvements
needed for fuel injection systems to prevent engines from overheating and shutting down. They then build
new monitors and more accurate embedded diagnostic knowledge systems that can now detect faults in
airplane fuel systems.
Advanced statistical modeling has been used by the airline industry to assess and predict the likelihood of
failure incidents occurring in order to proactively mitigate these, and have even quantified the effectiveness of
risk mitigation measures prior to implementing them. As the Institute of Flight System Dynamics outlines, data
from normal flight operations take high-risk components of flying (e.g., landing) and break down each stage of
the process to determine the likelihood of its contributing to an incident. Risk models are built by combining
all contributing factors for every airline based on probabilities of incidents occurring.
BI for EHSQ: Realizing the Benefits of a Data-Driven Journey 15
Like the Intelex BI Maturity Model, airlines adopt a “future” Stage 3 analytical approach19
involving predictive
assessments.
Businesses at large are catching up to the world of aviation. In every aspect of business life, new frontiers are
defined by cognitive technologies, artificial intelligence, machine learning, and the Internet of Things – the
notion of a connected world of intelligent and embedded sensors that gather and process data to make
“things” smarter. Like flying an airplane, the notion is that we can replace human failure points with technology
that never fatigues, never gets distracted, never needs a day off and mostly functions exactly as we program it.
Reactive Reactive
Proactive
Reactive
Proactive
Predictive
e.g.: Accident
Investigation
e.g.: Flight Report, Audits
e.g.: Prediction of Incidents,
Risk Assessments
Countermeasures
Weight
Wind
Speed
Flap Setting
Aerodynamic
Drag
Reverser
Brakes
Touchdown
Distance
Energy
Deceleration
Contributing factors
Flare Spoiler Brakes Rev & Brakes Brakes
Touchdown Point 0kt
Final
Threshold
Stop Margin
Outcome 1
(e.g. hull loss)
Outcome 2
Outcome 3
Outcome in
Potential
outcomes
Incident Model - Runway Overrun Example Probability Density Function
Stop MarginIncident
Probability
Model Based Predictions of Incidents and Accidents
Transition probabilities
e.g. worldwide accident
statistics
....
....
BI for EHSQ: Realizing the Benefits of a Data-Driven Journey 16
These technology innovations have sparked debates around whether automation is always safer. When
we consider that a jumbo jet can self-drive with more than 500 passengers on board then perhaps the
much-hyped idea that safer self-driving cars will soon proliferate is not far-fetched. Humans make errors in
judgement. Boredom and distraction, and cognitive overload are our biggest human threats to safety.
These are the cause of more workplace incidents and fatalities than all others. Whenever repetition is excessive
or too many alternatives need to be weighed and calculated, technology and automation typically provide a
safer and better approach. Taking a data-driven policy approach to this issue, in a new world of automated
driverless vehicles the number to reduce will be some 40,000 annual deaths resulting from more than
5 million traffic accidents in the United States.
The Aviation industry is again instructive in how its Association, the International Authority Transportation
Authority (IATA), takes a shared approach when it comes to using data in an effort to improve transportation
efficiency worldwide through a publicly accessed website of the following information:
•	 Sources of data for Business Intelligence,
•	 Forecasting statistics portals (plus the opportunity for customization),
•	 Sources of safety data, and
•	 Feedback from their Global Passenger survey.
Additionally, they actively encouraged various members to participate in not only sharing best practices but
also in finding ways to share data across various partner and value chains. IATA recently sponsored the 11th
World Cargo Symposium in 2017 where a strong case was made for greater data exchange across all
participants in the value chain in order to improve operational efficiencies and to build out new revenue pools
for the entire industry.
Endnotes
MIT Sloan Research Report, Analytics as a Source of Business Innovation, Findings from the 2017 Data & Analytics Global Executive Study and Research
Project, Spring 2017.
http://data-informed.com/how-to-turn-dark-data-from-a-problem-into-an-advantage/
http://www.simafore.com/blog/bid/104120/Manufacturing-Analytics-a-3-step-process-to-predict-machine-failure
https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/files/185396/HALL_2012_pre_HRb_Marginal_gains_Olympic_lessons_in_high_performance_for_organisations.pdf
S. Jernigan, S. Ransbotham, D. Kiron, “Data Sharing and Analytics Drive Success With IoT” MIT Sloan Management Review, September 2016.
Applying Machine Learning-Based Diagnostic Functions to Rotorcraft Safety. Daniel R. Wade, and Andrew W. Wilson. Aeromechanics Division, Aviation
Engineering Directorate, United States of America. Presented at the Tenth DST Group International Conference on Health and Usage Monitoring Sys-
tems 17th Australian Aerospace Congress, 26-28 February 2017, Melbourne.
http://www.brinknews.com/applying-machine-learning-to-manufacturing/
https://medium.com/airbnb-engineering/how-airbnb-democratizes-data-science-with-data-university-3eccc71e073a
https://techcrunch.com/2017/05/24/airbnb-is-running-its-own-internal-university-to-teach-data-science/
https://engineering.vanderbilt.edu/innovations-2013/machine-learning.php
L. Drees, F. Holzapfel, “Predicting the Occurrence of Incidents Based on Flight Operation Data”, in AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Confer-
ence, 2011.
Institute of Flight System Dynamics
Institute of Flight System Dynamics
BI for EHSQ: Realizing the Benefits of a Data-Driven Journey 17
Conclusion
Lessons from the past and current demands of business make one thing clear – the insights to be gained
through the widespread sharing of and access to data has never been more important particularly for the
future of safety and quality.
Data-centric and collective business intelligence, as evidenced by the examples given in this white paper, can
significantly help organizations discover ways to increase safety and minimize risk. Much of the intelligence
yielded from data comes not only through shared approaches to problem solving, but also through sharing
best practices, code, and data. Advancing the analytical capabilities of business in all key functions provides
a foundation for improved decision-making and performance at all levels. That is certainly the case for quality
improvements, but the principle definitely applies to increased safety.
Traditional businesses can learn lessons from the aviation industry where small errors have large consequences
and every detail matters. Aviation is at the forefront of safety and quality, and it is pioneering the use of data
and analytics.
The aviation industry like many others is highly regulated, highly competitive, and highly data-driven in the
running of its day-to-day operations. It has a vested interest in predicting and mitigating all forms of risk, both
financial and human. Despite the aviation industry’s competitive environment, data- and information-sharing
alliances are vital. So, it’s important for every organization to understand when and where sharing data across
businesses makes sense and apply a similar approach.
The more data gathered, made sense of, and shared, the better and safer our world becomes. To succeed
in this quest, companies need to expand their data-science capabilities beyond a core team, and foster a
data-centered culture across the entire organization. Taking a data-centered approach to quality and safety
improvement is within reach, thanks to advances in business intelligence offerings.
To move the needle on performance and positively impact EHSQ outcomes, business decisions need be made faster,
smarter, and more proactively than in the past. This means using the mass of misspent data in your EHSQ software
system to inform decisions that solve the problems of today, and prevent those of tomorrow.
Become a data-driven EHSQ organization
Enabling non-data users
•	 Take the fear out of analytics with
BI tools that are embedded within
your EHSQ software
•	 Start your data journey off with out
of the box reports and dashboards
to see value immediately
•	 Get a personalized experience using
data slicers to create unique views and
drill into data to achieve the level of
detail you require to quickly take
action or influence a decision
From Data
to Decisions
Unleashing Your Inner Data Expert
Business Intelligence
Software
View and share
comprehensive reports across
teams and departments
Slice and visualize data
using dashboards that
bring insights to the surface
Use insights to make
sophisticated business
decisions that incite action
Features
Self-Service Tools
Allow business users that don’t have data expertise to
access, navigate, and visualize data independently.
Easily design, analyze, and share reports and dashboards
within an approved and IT supported environment, allowing
your data experts to focus on advanced analytics initiatives
rather than daily support activities.
Embedded Workflow
Intelex BI is integrated with your Intelex platform and available
within every Intelex application. Simply add a dashboard or
report tab to any application to save time and effort by
streamlining reporting, dashboarding, and data analysis into
your day to day workflow.
Unparalleled User Experience
Leverage best in breed BI experiences that are tailored to
EHSQ management system best practices. Built with the
EHSQ user in mind, Intelex BI gets you up and running
quickly with out of the box reports, dashboards, and
intuitive data slicing capabilities that make uncovering
insights fast and easy.
Configurability
The Intelex platform leads the market with unmatched
configuration capabilities. The platform, and all Intelex
solutions, can be configured at any time to fit the needs of
your organization. This includes the ability to quickly and easily
configure reports and dashboards to meet your particular
business needs.
Data Service
Using the Intelex Data Service, connect directly to external
BI tools such as Excel, Tableau, Cognos, and many more to
pull live data from your Intelex platform into your existing BI
investments.
Contact Intelex Today
Talk to an EHSQ software expert today! Let an Intelex
Solution Expert guide you through the industry-leading
functionality and tools Intelex software has to offer.
REQUEST A DEMO
1 877 932 3747 | intelex.com
The Intelex Business Intelligence platform is a very important
tool at LB Foster. Our view has always been that Intelex should
be the “1-stop shop” for all LB Foster’s data acquisition and
analysis needs. The latest releases have brought about many
valuable enhancements, and with the addition of Slicers and
Summary Widgets, we can now combine and show data in
ways we never imagined. Our users love the flexibility of
dynamically filtering and viewing data, which has drastically
reduced the volume of dashboards necessary to quickly
locate the information you need and effectively take action.
Scott Hernishin
Global Quality Systems Manager
LB Foster Company
“
“
BI for EHSQ: Realizing the Benefits of a Data-Driven Journey 	
© Copyright 2017
Intelex Technologies Inc.
intelex.com
1 877 932 3747
intelex@intelex.com
@intelex
/intelextechnologies
/intelex-technologies-inc.
/intelexsoftware
By :
Meraj Imani
Product Director, Analytics
Danielle Elliott
Product Marketing Manager

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Business Intelligence: Realizing the Benefits of a Data-Driven Journey

  • 1. BI for EHSQ: Realizing the Benefits of a Data-Driven Journey 1 BI for EHSQ: Realizing the Benefits of a Data-Driven Journey
  • 2. BI for EHSQ: Realizing the Benefits of a Data-Driven Journey 2 Advanced analytical capabilities are the foundation for improved decision-making and performance in all key functions of a business. That’s true for quality improvements and also applies to improving safety. The more data gathered, analyzed, and shared, the greater the potential for discovering opportunities to make our workplaces and our world safer. The collection of high-quality data forms the foundation, but the real power is realized when raw data is transformed into business decision-making insights that are shared across an organization. Getting there happens in two ways: a) Through embedded analytics, where insights are served up in real time, directly from machine to user (and machine to machine); and, b) Through self-serve analytics, where the end user creates and communicates their own insights through easy to use analytics portals. Self-service tools make EHSQ (Environment, Health, Safety, and Quality) analytics possible at every level of the organization, helping to align people processes and technology to play a key role in change management. Additionally, enterprises in pursuit of transformational change are embracing machine learning technologies that help them make discoveries, optimize their workflows, and reduce human failure points. This brave new world of analytics involves experts sharing everything. The aviation industry is a great example of how shared data supports efforts to predict (and avoid) failures and accidents, improve quality and drive smarter business decisions. Introduction In God we trust. All others must bring data. - W. Edwards Deming This paper discusses how the use of shared data improves business processes and supports safety efforts in new high-risk areas. It also demonstrates how transforming your company to becoming more data-centered is both possible and easier to achieve than may have been originally thought. “ “
  • 3. BI for EHSQ: Realizing the Benefits of a Data-Driven Journey 3 Everyone throughout the organization needs to be involved in the creation of a data-centred approach. However, MIT Research (as shown in the table below1 ) reported in 2016 that less than one in five organizations can be considered “Analytical Innovators” – a position fostered by data-centred thinking – when it comes to making data-driven decisions. But, the trend is moving upward as these numbers show significant improvement from 2015 when only one in 10 organizations were similarly ranked. Creating a culture of analytical innovators takes time and rather than becoming overwhelmed with the consideration of a vast overhaul to get there, it’s perhaps better to consider a steady climb up a business intelligence (BI) maturity curve when it comes to EHSQ functions. The EHSQ Business Intelligence (BI) Maturity Curve 11% 12% 12% 10% 17% 60% 54% 54% 41% 49% 29% 34% 34% 49% 33% 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Percent of respondents classified in each level of analytical maturity. Analytical Innovators Analytics culture; make data- driven decisions, and rely on analytics for strategic insights and innovative ideas. Analytical Practitioners Working to become more data- driven, primarily to effect operational improvements. Analytical Challenged Rely more on management intuition than data for decision making and lack data management skills.
  • 4. BI for EHSQ: Realizing the Benefits of a Data-Driven Journey 4 The journey up this curve begins by assessing where your company is currently ranked. The chart, below, shows a framework for three possible stages where an organization might rank on a BI maturity curve. Rather than becoming overwhelmed with the consideration of a vast overhaul, companies must consider steadily climbing up a business intelligence maturity curve as applied to their EHSQ functions. Stage 1: Limited BI Compliance People Safety/Quality Stewards Limited data analytics capabilities Process Minimalist Ad hoc Technology Spreadsheets Descriptive Statistics Business Strategy Reactive to events Stationary survival mode Stage 1: Limited BI Compliance Safety/Quality stewards Limited data analytics capabilities Minimalist Ad hoc Spreadsheets Descriptive statistics Reactive to events Stationary survival mode Stage 2: Modest BI Performance Safety/Quality team Business Analysts included Dep’t head use analyses/reports Central data experts Management dashboards Trend analysis, forecasting frequent, timely reporting Proactive to priorities Project based Pursuing north star Stage 3: Advance BI Transformation Safety/Quality Center or Excellence Data Science (full stack) team Data Personas at every level & role Advanced insights Experimental and future based Self Service Data Mining Predictive & Prescriptive statistics Machine Learning with IoT High Velocity Algorithmic Pervasive in all business functions Culture of “how we do everything” Mapping entire landscape
  • 5. BI for EHSQ: Realizing the Benefits of a Data-Driven Journey 5 Companies at Stage 1 or Limited BI Compliance focus on the basics – recording failure incidents, launching investigations, conducting annual audits, and reporting these incidents to appropriate authorities. The work is typically ad-hoc, utilizing basic toolsets, such as a clipboard (real or virtual), a spreadsheet, and a makeshift classroom for teaching safety. Initial visibility into outcomes relies on injury statistics and numbers of staff trained. These metrics provide little guidance on what to change and how to improve. At this early stage, companies can drive some measure of improvment by putting in place basic, structured EHSQ programs, policies and toolsets. Stage 1: Data Basics for Compliance Considerations for assessing whether you organization is in Stage 1 of the business maturity curve include: 1. Do your users rely heavily on Excel spreadsheets to work with data? 2. Are you finding it difficult to know which chart types to use for certain scenarios? 3. Do you find that most of your records are not stored in a standard way? 4. Are there major gaps in your data management practices? Stage 1: Limited BI Compliance People Safety/Quality Stewards Limited data analytics capabilities Process Minimalist Ad hoc Technology Spreadsheets Descriptive Statistics Business Strategy Reactive to events Stationary survival mode Stage 1: Limited BI Compliance Safety/Quality stewards Limited data analytics capabilities Minimalist Ad hoc Spreadsheets Descriptive statistics Reactive to events Stationary survival mode
  • 6. BI for EHSQ: Realizing the Benefits of a Data-Driven Journey 6 Stage 2: From Data to Insights In Stage 2, an organization understands what is working and what needs to be overhauled in terms of BI processes and practices. An organization may have put in place a team to guide analysis, and provides organizational communication and education. The focus is no longer simply to know what has happened – they are considering why. Moving beyond “what has happened” to “why is it happening,” means both qualitative and statistical methods are used to better understand root causes, variations in performance, and developing future forecasts to identify operational opportunities to improve safety and quality. At this stage, companies typically use multiple solutions, including behavioral change programs, and have created and adhere to a comprehensive set of policies and procedures. They also utilize an all-inclusive platform with tools to help their efforts. Stage 1: Limited BI Compliance People Safety/Quality Stewards Limited data analytics capabilities Process Minimalist Ad hoc Technology Spreadsheets Descriptive Statistics Business Strategy Reactive to events Stationary survival mode Stage 1: Limited BI Compliance Safety/Quality stewards Limited data analytics capabilities Minimalist Ad hoc Spreadsheets Descriptive statistics Reactive to events Stationary survival mode Stage 2: Modest BI Performance Safety/Quality team Business Analysts included Dep’t head use analyses/reports Central data experts Management dashboards Trend analysis, forecasting frequent, timely reporting Proactive to priorities Project based Pursuing north star
  • 7. BI for EHSQ: Realizing the Benefits of a Data-Driven Journey 7 Real-time reporting from real-time data offers insights into performance, provides critical indications of apparent danger, and may even predict outcomes as a result of various actions. A study conducted by Forrester estimates organizations on average analyze only 37% of their structured data, 22% of their semi-structured data, and 22% of unstructured data.2 Much of this semi-structured and unstructured data sits in activity logs and workflows, the so called “dark data” of an enterprise. It typically goes unanalyzed, yet has vast potential for real insight that might help an organization improve its EHSQ capabilities and processes. Intelex Safety Index The Data Science team at Intelex had the opportunity to sift through 10 years of dark metadata collected from 1,000 customers, from activities, including software usage, applications and features used in their frequency and patterns. The objective was to investigate if there were any hidden insights that could help enterprises understand safety risks and best practices. Several insights surfaced. For example, recently the team observed that customers that saw reduced safety incidents over time had increased the number of reports they viewed. This insight is an indicator, not cause and effect, in which we might note that users who are more engaged seem more likely to lower safety incident rates. Along this line of reasoning, as summarized in Saving Lives and Limbs with Big Data, Intelex’s Data Science initiative discovered the following: W H I T E P A P E R < WHITE < CMYK < PMS PMS: Pantone 3005 C CMYK: 100, 38, 0, 26 RGB: 41, 128, 185 WEB: #0076BD Saving Lives & Limbs with Big Data By: R. Gary Edwards, PhD Saving Lives and Limbs with Big Data.indd 1 2017-02-28 3:28 PM • Going the extra distance to collect enormous amounts of non-regulatory data is associated with lower rates of minor and major incidents • Recording “near misses” associates with occupational safety ratings that are up to three times better than companies that do not • Keeping records of employee “pain” is an excellent predictive indicator of occupational safety ratings • Demographics are predictive, including on the downside the percentage of new employees and contractors on site; on the upside by location size (larger is better) and the ratio of supervisors to workers and on the upside by the ratio of supervisors to workers (higher is better) • Dramatic variation exists among the various locations of an organization, with up to 14x differences in occupational safety between high and low performing locations within the same company
  • 8. BI for EHSQ: Realizing the Benefits of a Data-Driven Journey 8 The Intelex Safety Index was developed from discoveries found in the Saving Lives and Limbs white paper. These elements were those items identified that consistently determined to predict lower OSHA rates. Enterprises that capture these elements can benchmark their safety efforts for valuable decision guidance. In almost all jurisdictions, incidents and fatalities are reported, based on the location of where these happened, as a regulatory requirement. Similarly, companies also may track product defects. In the event of poor quality causing human safety risk, companies must pay for recalls and corrections. As mentioned, tracking product and safety failure rates is a requirement. But those companies looking to compete more effectively pursue higher metrics of success in order to win in their marketplaces. These efforts may include assessing customer satisfaction through Net Promoter Scores and other metrics. Data is not enough Data is not the same as information. And information is not necessarily “insight”. In business, smaller subsets of information are derived from large data sources. The analysis of data becomes information. And insights can be generated from information. An insight should bring in new knowledge to a decision-making audience, of which they would not otherwise be aware. Insights must be digestible and grab the attention of an audience in order to be understood. Lastly and most importantly, insights should drive appropriate action. Employees need to be motivated to do the right things by also understanding the root elements of what drives success in addition to what fails. Celebrating doing things right is highly motivating and often reverses the regulatory compliance mindset that keeps successes secret and makes failures public. It’s good for business. Industry benchmarks that help organizations understand how they stack up relative to the competition, provide a clear indication of where they are today and the direction they may be heading. A self service BI platform is a means to improve benchmarking capability by offering a data-driven view into events, including failures. Embedded Analytics To support good decision-making, insights need to be available in the moment, embedded into the business process application – that is, embedded BI. The term may be relatively new, but the concept has been around for a long time. An analogy of BI can be visualized in terms of driving a vehicle. The dashboard tells you exactly what is happening in that moment. You can see your vehicle’s traveling speed, rpm, temperature, fuel, engine performance, etc. Triggered alerts provide critical real-time information sourced from sensors embedded throughout the vehicle – things like tire pressure, oil and fuel levels or doors being ajar. You drive with constant data feedback. Although we take it for granted, a lot of consideration goes into what data needs to be served up in order to create actionable insights that improve the safety of driving while also maintaining the quality and performance of the vehicle itself.
  • 9. BI for EHSQ: Realizing the Benefits of a Data-Driven Journey 9 Why operators cannot be the only source for knowledge: 1. Not all operators have the same level of experience or expertise. 2. There may be slight variations in temperature and vibration that may be undetectable by a human, but could be immediately recognized by a sensor wired to an embedded analytics engine. 3. An algorithm that predicts problems and failures never needs to rest or take a break, and more importantly does not have its judgement influenced by extraneous factors (e.g., taking bigger risks or skipping steps when time is tight). 4. For large-scale manufacturers, data from thousands of sensors can be run simultaneously versus the human limit for processing one thing at a time. Algorithms served up through Internet of Things (IoT) sensors that provide embedded analytics feedback and automated action is the way of the future. Manufacturers are now looking to create similar “dashboards” in order to manage and improve quality. Predicting machine failures is one example. A steady stream of data is available during the operation of machinery, including temperature and vibration. Over time, certain equipment may break down and the outcome correlated back to sensor data on temperature and vibration, for example, may trigger an alert for preventive maintenance. Ultimately, such actionable insight provides the potential for significant cost savings as a result of mitigating breakdowns. Up until recently, an experienced technician or operator was the most reliable source of predictive failures. Constructing a BI platform that monitors critical business functions can be the beginning of a journey to deliver better than ever business outcomes. Big Data capabilities offer the ability to make various sources of streaming data available directly to end users and decision makers – not just the data analysts. Think back to the vehicle example. In addition to what you might see on a dashboard, analytics might offer additional information for use with maintenance planning. Data that’s gathered and used to analyze how you accelerate in traffic could conceiv- ably help save you money on fuel by suggesting an economical speed to drive on highways. You might also monitor the wear and tear on components like brakes and shock absorbers through analysis of past driving conditions and habits.
  • 10. BI for EHSQ: Realizing the Benefits of a Data-Driven Journey 10 What new disasters might be averted from risks that we have not even contemplated? For every giant leap forward in progress, the world is forced to confront new risks and, with these, new thinking on how to prevent the worst from happening. To make further breakthroughs in quality and workplace safety, industry professionals might look to build and share dynamic maps of this fast-changing landscape. Stage 3 Transformation companies look to match their pace of innovation in building out and adopting breakthrough technologies with innovation in quality and safety. They examine established processes then collaborate with multi-function, multi-disciplinary teams to drive innovation in safety and quality improvements. Stage 3: Advanced Data Use through Algorithms and Machine Learning Stage 1: Limited BI Compliance People Safety/Quality Stewards Limited data analytics capabilities Process Minimalist Ad hoc Technology Spreadsheets Descriptive Statistics Business Strategy Reactive to events Stationary survival mode Stage 1: Limited BI Compliance Safety/Quality stewards Limited data analytics capabilities Minimalist Ad hoc Spreadsheets Descriptive statistics Reactive to events Stationary survival mode Stage 2: Modest BI Performance Safety/Quality team Business Analysts included Dep’t head use analyses/reports Central data experts Management dashboards Trend analysis, forecasting frequent, timely reporting Proactive to priorities Project based Pursuing north star Stage 3: Advance BI Transformation Safety/Quality Center or Excellence Data Science (full stack) team Data Personas at every level & role Advanced insights Experimental and future based Self Service Data Mining Predictive & Prescriptive statistics Machine Learning with IoT High Velocity Algorithmic Pervasive in all business functions Culture of “how we do everything” Mapping entire landscape
  • 11. BI for EHSQ: Realizing the Benefits of a Data-Driven Journey 11 It’s a shift in approach that transforms safety and quality improvement from being reactive to becoming proactive and has the potential to deliver breakthrough strides. Stage 3 companies continually fine tune their processes by using data from field teams in addition to shared industry data. Companies at the transformative stage understand they are at the upper end of the maturity curve. Wins at this stage happen through the aggregation of small gains where small advances are made by many team members in many areas to improve overall individual and team performance.7 A recent MIT research report10 reveals analytically strong organizations significantly more often share their data with their customers, suppliers and competitors. The transportation and warehousing sectors sit highest on the list of those companies who share data to enhance their value to the market. 62% 27% 42% 18% 23% 9% 52% 24% 43% 24% 20% 10% Customers Suppliers Competitors Organizations with stronger analytics Organizations with weaker analytics Many governments also recognize the value and importance of sharing open data. For example, Canada’s Open Data Exchange focuses on simplifying and enhancing access to open data for commercialization purposes in Canada. Similarly, in the European Union Open Data Portal, a broad compendium of open data resources is available. In the US, Project Open Data, serves to encourage open data exchanges including code, tools and case studies. 82% 80% 70% 68% 63% 61% 52% 41% Health Care and Social Assistance IT and Technology Transportation and Warehousing Energy Professional, Scientific, and Technical Services Manufacturing Public Administration Finance and Insurance
  • 12. BI for EHSQ: Realizing the Benefits of a Data-Driven Journey 12 Machine Learning In software, the Network Effect in digital technology is well known: certain types of software become more valuable as more people use it. Personal social networking software is a good example. It becomes more valuable to you the more your friends and family use it too. Machine Learning is in a sense, the Network Effect applied to statistical modelling. In certain circumstances, the more data we get in continuous streams, the more accurate our predictions become. An example here is mobile mapping software. It could be programmed with a simple, static model that measures the distance between two points and the posted speed limits to provide the user with a route and an estimated arrival time. But that would ignore the myriad of other factors that influence how long it takes to drive somewhere. Modern mapping software accumulates data from all users taking a route, both from the past and those currently driving, to continuously update its statistical machine model. The Network Effect applied to Machine Learning here is clear: the more users who adopt the mapping software, the more accurate the constantly adapting model becomes. Machine Learning approaches often blend several statistical procedures (called “ensemble models”) to obtain an insight. Whatever combination of techniques are used, the road to improved Safety and Quality lies in part on our ability to provide better predictive insights and improved classifications such that algorithms can reduce error and increase our efficiency in getting things done. The United States Army is advancing its use of machine learning to develop safety based diagnostics for aircraft, along with integrating machine learning into health and conditioning programs for soldiers. Whether it’s equipment or people, machine learning systems are delivering improved safety, quality and performance. 60% Reduction of Quality Inspection Resources Improved Product Quality by Elimination of False Defects and Stoppages Increase of First Pass Yield Improved Production Throughput by Elimination of Bottleneck 21% 13% 8%
  • 13. BI for EHSQ: Realizing the Benefits of a Data-Driven Journey 13 In manufacturing, machine learning approaches have dramatically improved quality control while reducing human error and costs. A recent example of digital quality management was a neural network, trained on historical quality control data, used to correctly identify defects in casted parts of complex equipment. It tracked sensitive deviations from standards that inspectors might have missed, while successfully ignoring false signals that inspectors may have wrongly inputed. Not only did this approach improve detection, it drastically reduced the need for quality control inspectors. Building a Team One simple observation working with so many companies across varied industries is that much of the “data-centeredness” of such approaches, ties directly to how core data is to their businesses. The construction industry lags other industries in using data-based decision making because it is not a core requirement for the business. Manufacturing companies have more data requirements. At the highest level of analytical maturity, digital companies often have data as core to their business. Not surprisingly then, a construction firm may hire one analyst, a manufacturing company may put together a team of 2 to 5 while top digital enterprises like AirBnB have teams of hundreds of Data Scientists. This large team tackles the tools, people and process they need in a similar manner to that of much smaller dedicated teams. Five people rarely do the job of 100, but it is simply not practical for many companies to have a data analyst team of hundreds. To achieve a better economy of scale, 20 to 50 companies might work together to create a single collective analytical brain. Airbnb Approach to Data Based Decision Making13 : Data Education Data Access Data Tools Data Informed Decisions • Aipal • Data portal • ERF • Knowledge Repo • Microsoft Excel • Superset • Tableau • Single source of truth • Access permissions • Data documentations • Data & tools request process • Problem solving with data • Using statistics & analysis • Writing SQL & using data at Airbnb • Visualizing data • Setting up, delivering & interpreting experiments
  • 14. BI for EHSQ: Realizing the Benefits of a Data-Driven Journey 14 Airbnb, despite being in a highly competitive digital business, has built an open source library where technical approaches to analytical problems in their industry are shared. They realize the power of collaboration. Even in hyper-competitive digital businesses, the sharing ideas within networked communities is an effective approach to solving problems and generating ideas. Airbnb is so committed to the organization-wide sharing of data that they have opened Data University , an initiative to make its entire workforce data literate. Lessons from the Aviation Industry The aviation industry, since the 1980s, has undertaken in earnest the use of data and analytics in automating airplanes and flight control. Since human error accounts for vast majority of failures that lead to airplane accidents, and since the consequences are so dire, the obvious goal has been to reduce human intervention needed to fly a plane. Sensors are now placed throughout airplanes and combined with onboard computerized systems much of the task of piloting is now automated. Commercial cockpit crews today have just two key positions – the pilot and co-pilot. Gone are the “tech positions” of onboard flight engineer and navigator. Automated technologies that allow commercial airplanes to fly on their own have been in place since the 1980s. Machine Learning has been applied to aviation by examining terabytes of operational and sensor data collected on flights prior to adverse events. For example, a team at the Institute of Software Integrated Systems together with systems manufacturer Honeywell used machine learning to discover improvements needed for fuel injection systems to prevent engines from overheating and shutting down. They then build new monitors and more accurate embedded diagnostic knowledge systems that can now detect faults in airplane fuel systems. Advanced statistical modeling has been used by the airline industry to assess and predict the likelihood of failure incidents occurring in order to proactively mitigate these, and have even quantified the effectiveness of risk mitigation measures prior to implementing them. As the Institute of Flight System Dynamics outlines, data from normal flight operations take high-risk components of flying (e.g., landing) and break down each stage of the process to determine the likelihood of its contributing to an incident. Risk models are built by combining all contributing factors for every airline based on probabilities of incidents occurring.
  • 15. BI for EHSQ: Realizing the Benefits of a Data-Driven Journey 15 Like the Intelex BI Maturity Model, airlines adopt a “future” Stage 3 analytical approach19 involving predictive assessments. Businesses at large are catching up to the world of aviation. In every aspect of business life, new frontiers are defined by cognitive technologies, artificial intelligence, machine learning, and the Internet of Things – the notion of a connected world of intelligent and embedded sensors that gather and process data to make “things” smarter. Like flying an airplane, the notion is that we can replace human failure points with technology that never fatigues, never gets distracted, never needs a day off and mostly functions exactly as we program it. Reactive Reactive Proactive Reactive Proactive Predictive e.g.: Accident Investigation e.g.: Flight Report, Audits e.g.: Prediction of Incidents, Risk Assessments Countermeasures Weight Wind Speed Flap Setting Aerodynamic Drag Reverser Brakes Touchdown Distance Energy Deceleration Contributing factors Flare Spoiler Brakes Rev & Brakes Brakes Touchdown Point 0kt Final Threshold Stop Margin Outcome 1 (e.g. hull loss) Outcome 2 Outcome 3 Outcome in Potential outcomes Incident Model - Runway Overrun Example Probability Density Function Stop MarginIncident Probability Model Based Predictions of Incidents and Accidents Transition probabilities e.g. worldwide accident statistics .... ....
  • 16. BI for EHSQ: Realizing the Benefits of a Data-Driven Journey 16 These technology innovations have sparked debates around whether automation is always safer. When we consider that a jumbo jet can self-drive with more than 500 passengers on board then perhaps the much-hyped idea that safer self-driving cars will soon proliferate is not far-fetched. Humans make errors in judgement. Boredom and distraction, and cognitive overload are our biggest human threats to safety. These are the cause of more workplace incidents and fatalities than all others. Whenever repetition is excessive or too many alternatives need to be weighed and calculated, technology and automation typically provide a safer and better approach. Taking a data-driven policy approach to this issue, in a new world of automated driverless vehicles the number to reduce will be some 40,000 annual deaths resulting from more than 5 million traffic accidents in the United States. The Aviation industry is again instructive in how its Association, the International Authority Transportation Authority (IATA), takes a shared approach when it comes to using data in an effort to improve transportation efficiency worldwide through a publicly accessed website of the following information: • Sources of data for Business Intelligence, • Forecasting statistics portals (plus the opportunity for customization), • Sources of safety data, and • Feedback from their Global Passenger survey. Additionally, they actively encouraged various members to participate in not only sharing best practices but also in finding ways to share data across various partner and value chains. IATA recently sponsored the 11th World Cargo Symposium in 2017 where a strong case was made for greater data exchange across all participants in the value chain in order to improve operational efficiencies and to build out new revenue pools for the entire industry. Endnotes MIT Sloan Research Report, Analytics as a Source of Business Innovation, Findings from the 2017 Data & Analytics Global Executive Study and Research Project, Spring 2017. http://data-informed.com/how-to-turn-dark-data-from-a-problem-into-an-advantage/ http://www.simafore.com/blog/bid/104120/Manufacturing-Analytics-a-3-step-process-to-predict-machine-failure https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/files/185396/HALL_2012_pre_HRb_Marginal_gains_Olympic_lessons_in_high_performance_for_organisations.pdf S. Jernigan, S. Ransbotham, D. Kiron, “Data Sharing and Analytics Drive Success With IoT” MIT Sloan Management Review, September 2016. Applying Machine Learning-Based Diagnostic Functions to Rotorcraft Safety. Daniel R. Wade, and Andrew W. Wilson. Aeromechanics Division, Aviation Engineering Directorate, United States of America. Presented at the Tenth DST Group International Conference on Health and Usage Monitoring Sys- tems 17th Australian Aerospace Congress, 26-28 February 2017, Melbourne. http://www.brinknews.com/applying-machine-learning-to-manufacturing/ https://medium.com/airbnb-engineering/how-airbnb-democratizes-data-science-with-data-university-3eccc71e073a https://techcrunch.com/2017/05/24/airbnb-is-running-its-own-internal-university-to-teach-data-science/ https://engineering.vanderbilt.edu/innovations-2013/machine-learning.php L. Drees, F. Holzapfel, “Predicting the Occurrence of Incidents Based on Flight Operation Data”, in AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Confer- ence, 2011. Institute of Flight System Dynamics Institute of Flight System Dynamics
  • 17. BI for EHSQ: Realizing the Benefits of a Data-Driven Journey 17 Conclusion Lessons from the past and current demands of business make one thing clear – the insights to be gained through the widespread sharing of and access to data has never been more important particularly for the future of safety and quality. Data-centric and collective business intelligence, as evidenced by the examples given in this white paper, can significantly help organizations discover ways to increase safety and minimize risk. Much of the intelligence yielded from data comes not only through shared approaches to problem solving, but also through sharing best practices, code, and data. Advancing the analytical capabilities of business in all key functions provides a foundation for improved decision-making and performance at all levels. That is certainly the case for quality improvements, but the principle definitely applies to increased safety. Traditional businesses can learn lessons from the aviation industry where small errors have large consequences and every detail matters. Aviation is at the forefront of safety and quality, and it is pioneering the use of data and analytics. The aviation industry like many others is highly regulated, highly competitive, and highly data-driven in the running of its day-to-day operations. It has a vested interest in predicting and mitigating all forms of risk, both financial and human. Despite the aviation industry’s competitive environment, data- and information-sharing alliances are vital. So, it’s important for every organization to understand when and where sharing data across businesses makes sense and apply a similar approach. The more data gathered, made sense of, and shared, the better and safer our world becomes. To succeed in this quest, companies need to expand their data-science capabilities beyond a core team, and foster a data-centered culture across the entire organization. Taking a data-centered approach to quality and safety improvement is within reach, thanks to advances in business intelligence offerings.
  • 18. To move the needle on performance and positively impact EHSQ outcomes, business decisions need be made faster, smarter, and more proactively than in the past. This means using the mass of misspent data in your EHSQ software system to inform decisions that solve the problems of today, and prevent those of tomorrow. Become a data-driven EHSQ organization Enabling non-data users • Take the fear out of analytics with BI tools that are embedded within your EHSQ software • Start your data journey off with out of the box reports and dashboards to see value immediately • Get a personalized experience using data slicers to create unique views and drill into data to achieve the level of detail you require to quickly take action or influence a decision From Data to Decisions Unleashing Your Inner Data Expert Business Intelligence Software View and share comprehensive reports across teams and departments Slice and visualize data using dashboards that bring insights to the surface Use insights to make sophisticated business decisions that incite action
  • 19. Features Self-Service Tools Allow business users that don’t have data expertise to access, navigate, and visualize data independently. Easily design, analyze, and share reports and dashboards within an approved and IT supported environment, allowing your data experts to focus on advanced analytics initiatives rather than daily support activities. Embedded Workflow Intelex BI is integrated with your Intelex platform and available within every Intelex application. Simply add a dashboard or report tab to any application to save time and effort by streamlining reporting, dashboarding, and data analysis into your day to day workflow. Unparalleled User Experience Leverage best in breed BI experiences that are tailored to EHSQ management system best practices. Built with the EHSQ user in mind, Intelex BI gets you up and running quickly with out of the box reports, dashboards, and intuitive data slicing capabilities that make uncovering insights fast and easy. Configurability The Intelex platform leads the market with unmatched configuration capabilities. The platform, and all Intelex solutions, can be configured at any time to fit the needs of your organization. This includes the ability to quickly and easily configure reports and dashboards to meet your particular business needs. Data Service Using the Intelex Data Service, connect directly to external BI tools such as Excel, Tableau, Cognos, and many more to pull live data from your Intelex platform into your existing BI investments. Contact Intelex Today Talk to an EHSQ software expert today! Let an Intelex Solution Expert guide you through the industry-leading functionality and tools Intelex software has to offer. REQUEST A DEMO 1 877 932 3747 | intelex.com The Intelex Business Intelligence platform is a very important tool at LB Foster. Our view has always been that Intelex should be the “1-stop shop” for all LB Foster’s data acquisition and analysis needs. The latest releases have brought about many valuable enhancements, and with the addition of Slicers and Summary Widgets, we can now combine and show data in ways we never imagined. Our users love the flexibility of dynamically filtering and viewing data, which has drastically reduced the volume of dashboards necessary to quickly locate the information you need and effectively take action. Scott Hernishin Global Quality Systems Manager LB Foster Company “ “
  • 20. BI for EHSQ: Realizing the Benefits of a Data-Driven Journey © Copyright 2017 Intelex Technologies Inc. intelex.com 1 877 932 3747 intelex@intelex.com @intelex /intelextechnologies /intelex-technologies-inc. /intelexsoftware By : Meraj Imani Product Director, Analytics Danielle Elliott Product Marketing Manager