Thomas Edison was an American inventor born in 1847 who is best known for inventing the first practical incandescent electric light bulb. In the late 1800s, through experimenting in his lab, Edison improved and invented the light bulb, making the first public demonstration on December 31, 1879. Edison's invention helped make electricity affordable and available to the masses, fulfilling his goal of making electricity so cheap that only the rich would burn candles.