Ppt for education inf

2. The first news about the
Mongol tribes settled in
the territory from the
Great Wall of China to
Lake Baikal appeared in
the second half of the XII
- early XIII century.
In the XII century, feudal
relations and statehood
emerged in Mongolian
society, which was
militarized in nature. The
birth of the state was
accompanied by
internecine wars.

3. Creation of the power
of Genghis Khan
The beginning of the XIII century –
Noyon (Prince) Temuchin stands at
the head of the Mongol tribes, who
subordinates all Mongol and Turkic
tribes (including Tatars – Mongol-
Tatars) to his power.1206 – at the
congress (Kurultai) of the
Mongolian nobility, Temuchin was
proclaimed ruler of the Mongolian
state under the name Genghis Khan
(Great Khan)
Genghis Khan

4. Genghis Khan's Military Reform
Dark (10000)
Thousand
Hundred
Ten
• Strict discipline. Impetuosity.
• Good intelligence.
• The basis of the army is cavalry, armed with bows, sabers, spears and lances.
• Siege battering and stone-throwing equipment, projectiles with a combustible mixture

5. Genghis Khan's conquests:
1206-1211 - the conquest of the Evenks, Buryats, Yakuts, Uighurs. The defeat of
the Tangut kingdom.
1211-1215 - Seizure of Northern China.
1218 - the conquest of Korea.
1219-1221 гг. - the conquest of the peoples of Central Asia, Iran and the Caucasus.

6. Having conquered
Northern China, they
borrowed siege
equipment: battering
guns, catapults.

7. 1223 – invasion of the
Mongol-Tatars in the
Polovtsian steppe. The
Polovtsy turned to the
Russian princes for help.
Mstislav Romanovich of
Kiev, Mstislav
Svyatoslavovich of
Chernigov responded to
the help, Mstislav
Mstislavich Galitsky.
Polovtsian Warrior

8. Having conquered China in 1215, in 1221 Central Asia, in 1223
the Mongols invaded the Wild Field.
1223
r.Kalka
Battle on the Kalka

9. Results: defeat of the Polovtsians
and Russians.
Reasons for defeat:
1. Inconsistency in Russian
actions.
2. 2. The flight of the Polovtsy.
3. 3. The credulity of Russian
princes.
Meaning:
1. The first meeting of the
Russians with the Mongol-
Tatars.
2. 2. The Russians showed their
weakness.
May 31, 1223 - Battle of the Kalka.

11. Genghis Khan divided the created empire between his
sons, the western lands in 1227 were headed by the
son of Jochi, Batu. 1235 - at the congress of khans, a
decision was made to march to Europe.

12. Reasons for the successful
conquests of the Mongols
 Well organized and battle-tested army
 Using the military and managerial experience
and knowledge of the Chinese
 Good intelligence
 The oppressive effect of brutal reprisals
against opponents
 Lack of agreement among Russian princes

13. 1236 - the defeat of the
Volga Bulgaria by the
Mongol-Tatars.
1237 - submission of the
Polovtsy.

14. At the end of 1237, the Mongols attacked Ryazan. Prince
Yuri turned to his neighbors for help, but they refused,
hoping that the Mongols would not reach them.
1st campaign of Batu to Russia

15. After a 7-day assault, Ryazan
fell. The Mongols killed its
inhabitants, and burned the
city. Turning to Vladimir,
they suddenly began to
suffer serious losses
1st campaign of Batu to Russia

16. December 21, 1237 - the capture and defeat of
Ryazan.

17. January - March 1238 - the defeat of the
Vladimir principality by the Mongol-Tatars

18. Русские воины под обстрелом татар
January 1238 – capture
Mongol-Tatars of
Kolomna.

19. January 1238 - the
defeat and burning
of Moscow

20. February 3-7, 1238 - the capture of Vladimir

21. March 4, 1238 - the battle on the river Sit (the defeat of the
Russian army led by Prince Yuri Vsevolodovich). Capture of
Suzdal, Kolomna, Moscow

22. March 1238 - the
defeat of Torzhok

23. March 1238 -
Mongol-Tatar
campaign
against
Novgorod
Why did the Mongol-Tatars not dare to capture Novgorod?
Great losses, lack of food and fodder.
Novgorod is a strong, well-fortified city.
Spring thaw began in the wooded and marshy area of ​​Russia

24. March-May 1238 - siege and capture of
Kozelsk

25. The inhabitants of Kozelsk flooded
the rampart with water and the
enemy could not take the fortress
on the move because of the ice
that had formed. After 49 days,
the Mongols retreated, calling
Kozelsk "Evil city - house".
Campaign of Batu to Russia

26. Summer 1238 - the departure of the Mongol-Tatars to
the Don steppes. Autumn 1238 - raids on Murom, Nizhny
Novgorod and other cities of North-Eastern Russia.

27. «Its boundless plains absorbed the power of the
Mongols and stopped their invasion at the very
edge of Europe; the barbarians did not dare to
leave enslaved Russia in their rear and returned
to the steppes of their east. The emerging
enlightenment was saved by a torn and dying
Russia».
Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin - Russian poet,
playwright and prose writer, who laid the
foundations of the Russian realistic trend,
literary critic and literary theorist.

28. Взяв Киев Батый вторгся в земли Галицко-Во-
лынского княжества и подчинил его себе.
Soon Batu invaded Western Europe, but weakened by the
struggle with Russia in 1242, he went to the Volga.
The second campaign of the Mongol-Tatars to South Russia

29. II campaign of
Batu
March 1239 -
Pereyaslavl
October 18, 1239
- Chernigov
December 6,
1240 - Kiev

30. 1239 - The capture of Pereyaslavl - South,
Chernigov and other cities of South Russia
The second campaign of Batu to Russia:

31. September - November 1240 - siege and capture
of Kiev.

32. The results of
the Mongol-
Tatar invasion
of Russia:
The ruin of Russian lands and cities.
The weakening of the military power of Russia (the death of most of the princes
and their squads - professional soldiers).
Population reduction:
death of men.
the removal of artisans, women and children into slavery.
Russia fell into political, economic and military dependence on the Mongols