1. Chapter 3
Ecology of the Family

2. In my very own self, I am part
of my family.
D.H. Lawrence

3. Family Systems

5. Family Structures

Nuclear family


Husband, a wife, and their children
Extended family

Relatives of the nuclear family who are
economically and emotionally dependent
on each other

6. Family Structures

Family of orientation


The family into which one is born
Family of procreation

The family that develops when one
marries and has children

7. Family Structures

Matriarchal family


Patriarchal family


A family in which the mother has formal
authority and dominance
A family in which the father has formal
authority and dominance
Egalitarian family

A family in which both sides of the
extended family are regarded as equal

8. Family Functions





Reproduction
Socialization/education
Assignment of social roles
Economic support
Nurturance/emotional support

9. Family Transitions

10. Structural







Divorced families
Single-parent and joint custody
Kin custody
Stepfamilies
Single-parent families
Lesbian, gay, bisexual, and
transgender families
Adoptive families

11. Divorce

Effect on children depends on




Age and gender
Custody arrangements
Emotional support
Binuclear family

A family pattern in which children are
part of two homes and two family
groups

12. Custody

Single-Parent Custody



Single-parents can experience
economic, emotional, physical strain
Joint Custody
Kin Custody

Children raised by relatives other than
parents, the most common being
grandparents raising grandchildren

13. Functional Family
Changes

14. Changes Over Time







Reproduction
Socialization/education
Assignment of social roles
Authority patterns
Economic support
Dual-earner families
Nurturance/emotional support

15. Macrosystem
Influences

16. Socioeconomic Status

Ascribed status


Social class, rank, or position
determined by family lineage, gender,
birth order, or skin color
Achieved status

Social class, rank, or position
determined by education, occupation,
income, and/or place of residence

17. Socioeconomic Status

Socioeconomic status





Rank or position within a society, based
on social and economic factors
Upper class
Middle class
Lower class
Underclass

18. Socioeconomic Effects




Children’s socialization experiences
vary by socioeconomic class.
Different socialization experiences
result in different outcomes.
Family Stress Model
Extended Investment Model

19. Social Causation Theoretical Model


Family Stress Model-negative influence on
socialization
Extended Investment Model-higher
socioeconomic status promotes well being

20. Cultural Orientation
Parents socialize children to adapt to
life in their particular society by
encouraging the development of
those qualities and characteristics
required for their expected adult
roles according to their specific
cultural orientation.

21. Religious Orientation

Religion


A unified system of beliefs and practices
relative to sacred things
Religion provides an ideology that
enables individuals to comprehend
events.

22. Chronosystem
Influences

23. Chronosystem
Influences

Sociopolitical Changes





Immigration Policies
Foreign Policies
Domestic Policies
Economic Changes
Technological Changes

24. Family Empowerment

25. Family Empowerment

Empowerment

Enabling individuals to have control over
resources affecting them