2. DEFI NI TI ON
Measles is an acute highly contagious viral disease caused
by measles virus
characterized by
" Fever"
" Cough ,coryza(cold head with
running nose) ,conjunctivitis"
(3C'S) "
Koplik spots "
" M aculopapular rash "
3. ETI OLOGY
Measles virus
" RNA Virus (PARAM YXO virus
family)
" One antigen type
" Rapidly activated by heat and light
4. EPIDEMIOLOGY
Source of infection
Routes of transmission
Immunity
Incidence
Epidemic features
Patients of measles
No carriers
No animal reservoir
Air-borne/ droplet
Permanently acquired after disease
Equal in both sexes
Season: winter and spring
Age: 6 months to 5 years old
5. Measles Pathogenesis
•Respiratory transmission of virus
•Replication in nasopharynx and regional lymph nodes
•Primary viremia 2-3 days after exposure
•Secondary viremia 5-7 days after exposure with spread to tissues
6. Beginning of Illness in Measles
Incubation period (from exposure to onset of symptoms)
Approximately 10 days( 6–18days) after the initial exposure to
the virus, the classic viral prodrome occurs
7. Beginning of Illness in Measles
Prodromal phase 3-4 days :
The prodromal phase is marked by malaise, fever, anorexia,
and conjunctivitis, cough, and coryza (the 3C's)
Koplik's spots :
Additional prodromal symptoms may include
myalgias, photophobia, and periorbital oedema
8. Koplik Spots leading clue to Measles
With in 2-3 days,
the pathognomonic
Koplik spots
typically arise on
the buccal, gingival,
and labial mucosa
10. Measles Eruption stage
Time:- 3–5 days after fever ;but most common is the 4th day
Shape:-maculopapular
Sequence:- Face Trunk Limbs
The temperature rise continuously and accompanied with toxic
symptoms
Persists 5-6 days
Fades in order of appearance
15. Symptoms include the following :
Red Botchy Skin Rash
Malaise
Fatigue
Loss of Apptite
Head Ache
Cough
Runny Nose
Sneezing
Inflamed Eyes
Sore Throat
Fever
Symptoms
These do not appear until 10 - 14 days after exposure.
16. M EA SLY LOOK
Red Eyes
Puffy Eyelids
Swollen Bridge of nose
Copious nasal discharge
Toxic Look
Maculopapular , Erythematous
rash.
18. Treatment options in
Developing Countreis
All children in developing countries diagnosed with measles
should receive two doses of vitamin A supplements, given
24 hours apart
6mo-12mo 1,00,000 U Blue Cap
Above 1 yr 2,00,000U Red Cap
This can help prevent eye damage and blindness
Vitamin A supplements have been shown to reduce the
number of deaths from measles by 5 0 %
20. Home Remedies That Assist
Bed rest
Drinking a lot of water
Turmeric
Garlic
Lemon Juice
Orange Juice
Coconut Flesh and water
Eggplant
Butter
Food Rich in Vitamin A
21. COMPLICATIONS
VIYAMIN A DEFICIENCY
(COMMON)
OLDER CHILDREN ,ADULTS =0 .1% OF CASES
CHRONIC DISABILITY
DIARRHEA COMMON IN DEVELOPING
COUNTRIES
PNEUMONIA =5- 10 % OF CASES,
USUALLY BACTERIAL
Corneal Scarring
C ausing Blindness
Encephalitis Pneumonia & Diarrhea
(common)
23. Measles Vaccine
Measles vaccine is live attenuated vaccine, usually combined with mumps
and rubella (MMR) or combined withmumps, rubella and varicella (MMRV).
Two doses of vaccine are recommended for children,and for adults at high
risk of exposure, health care workers and school personnel.
1st dose at 12 months of age.
2nd dose 18 months or 4-6 years of age before entry to school.
People born before 1956 are considered immunized.
24. Measles Vaccine (Con.)
∆ The efficacy of 1 dose at 12 months of age is about 95%, whereas 2
doses provide immunity in 99% of recipient.
∆ Common Side Effects of MMR Vaccine.
Sore arm from the shot.
Fever.
Mild rash.
Temporary pain and stiffness in the joints.
25. Measles Vaccine (Con.)
WHO SHOULD NOT GET VACCINATED?
Pregnant women.
Children with primary immunodeficiency.
Untreated tuberculosis, cancer, or organ transplantation.
Those receiving long-term immunosuppressive therapy.
Severely immunocompromised HIV-infected children.
