2. Derivative of sulphanilamide ( para-
aminobenzene sulphonamide) PABA
Prontosil Red – first chemical to be effective
against Streptococcal septicemia
Prontosil Red breaks inside body and release
active sulfonamide - AMA
5. Well absorbed in small intestine
Bound to plasma proteins (albumin)
Distribute throughout the body and penetrate well
into CSF
Pass the placental barrier and
enter fetal tissues.
Sulfa drugs are acetylated in
the liver
Eliminated by glomerular filtration
8. Sulfonamides displace these drugs from
protein binding site and increase their free
form in plasma:
Phenytoin
Warfarin
Tolbutamide
9. It isWorld Health Organization (WHO)
approved fixed-dose combination of
sulphamethoxazole and trimethoprim in the
ratio 5:1
>50000 times more active against bactierial
DHFRase
It produces sequential blockade
10.
11. Individually both are
bacteriostatic but the
combination has cidal
effect
Chances of
development of
bacterial resistance are
also reduced
12. Well absorbed after oral administration
Widely distributed
Metabolized in liver
Excreted in urine
13. Skin rashes
GI disturbances
Megaloblastic anaemia
Bone marrow suppression
C/I in pregnancy
14. UrinaryTract Infections -Treatment of
uncomplicated lower urinary tract infections
Respiratory tract infection: Upper and lower
respiratory tract infection, otitis media
caused by Gram+ve cocci and H.influenza
Pneumocystis jeroveci infection in AIDS
patients
Bacterial dysentery and diarrhoea caused
by Shigella, E.coli, Campylobacter
Chancroid
Kernicterus is a bilirubin-induced brain dysfunction. Bilirubin is a highly neurotoxic substance that may become elevated in the serum, a condition known as hyperbilirubinemia. Hyperbilirubinemia may cause bilirubin to accumulate in the gray matter of the central nervous system, potentially causing irreversible neurological damage.
Crystalluria refers to crystals found in the urine when performing a urine test.
Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii.[1] The parasite infects most genera of warm-blooded animals, including humans, but the primary host is the felid (cat) family. Animals are infected by eating infected meat, by ingestion of feces of a cat that has itself recently been infected, and by transmission from mother to fetus. Cats are the primary source of infection to human hosts, although contact with raw meat, especially lamb, is a more significant source of human infections in some countries. Fecal contamination of hands is a significant risk factor.
Megaloblastic anemia (or megaloblastic anaemia) is an anemia (ofmacrocytic classification) that results from inhibition of DNA synthesis duringred blood cell production.[1] When DNA synthesis is impaired, the cell cyclecannot progress from the G2 growth stage to the mitosis (M) stage. This leads to continuing cell growth without division, which presents as macrocytosis.
Otitis media is the medical term formiddle ear infection.
Pneumocystis jirovecii is a yeast-like fungus of the genus Pneumocystis. The causative organism of Pneumocystis pneumonia, it is an important human pathogen, particularly among immunocompromised hosts.
Chancroid (also known as soft chancre[1] and ulcus molle[2]) is a bacterialsexually transmitted infection characterized by painful sores on the genitalia. Chancroid is known to spread from one individual to another solely through sexual contact.
