Octal numbers have a base of 8 and use the digits 0-7. They are represented with a leading 0, so 08 would indicate an octal number. Binary numbers have a base of 2 and only use digits 1 and 0. They are represented with a leading b, so b10 would indicate a binary number. The document provides an example of converting the decimal number 418 to binary, which is calculated to be 100001.

3. Octal number stands for octa decimal numbers. From the
name itself it is clear that it is something related to 8. Its
base is 8. It uses the digits 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1, 0 to represent
the numbers in this number system. o8 represents an octal
numbers where o is any combination of above 8 digits.

4.  BINARY
•From the name itself it is clear that it is something
related to 2. Its base is 2 and it uses the digits 1and 0 to
represent the numbers in this number system.
b2 represents an binary numbers where b is any
combination of 0's and 1's. Binary number are used in
computers to store data.

5. Question 1: Convert 418 to a binary number.
Solution:
Given number is 418
418 = (4 * 81) + (1 * 80)
= 4 * 8 + 1 * 1
= 32+1
= 33(Decimal number)

6. 2 | 33
2 | 16 -- 1
2 | 8 -- 0
2 | 4 --0
2 | 2 -- 0
1 -- 0
The binary number is 1000012
418 = 1000012