- General examination of children in Ayurveda focuses on physical signs that can predict health, longevity, and social status. Examinations include inspection of features like nails, feet, fingers, urine, abdomen, and hair. - Sick children often cannot communicate symptoms, so examination considers signs like excessive head movement, eye closure, weeping or fever for diagnosis. Gastrointestinal, ear, eye, and neurological disorders show additional signs. - Acarya Kasyapa's text provides detailed symptoms for diagnosing children's diseases affecting various body systems. Early diagnosis is important so illnesses can be treated at an early stage before becoming serious or difficult to cure.

2. Introduction
 In Ayurveda, Bheshaj Chatushpad has very important
role in the management of a disease.
fHk”kdnzO;k.;qiLFkkrkjksxkhiknprq”V;e~A
xq.kor~dkj.ke~Ks;a fodkjk.;qi”kkar;s A
 In case of children disease ,General examination has
great importance ,because children are delicate by
nature and unable to explain their problems.
 So, Physical examination is one of the clinical method
in ayurveda which is not only necessary for diagnostic
purposes but prediction of longevity of life and social
status also can be known.

3.  According to ancient period scholars (particularly
Acarya Caraka and Acarya Kasyapa)have given much
importance to the examinations of children, and their
contributions are remarkable.
 So, the whole paediatric clinical methods in
ayurveda can be subdivided into two headings:
A. General examination of newborn and Children.
B. Examination of sick children.

4. General Examination:
 There are some questions about general examination
in ayurveda,
What to Examine?
How to Examine?
Where to Examine?
 Object to be examine i.e.Rogi-Rog Pariksha
means examination of patient and examination of
the disease for knowing about Aturbala as well as
Vyadhibala.

5.  Methods of Examination:
Trividha pariksha –
1. Darshan
2. Sparshan
3. Prashna.
Or,
1.Aptopdesha
2.Pratyaksha
3.Anumana (C.S.Vi 4/3)

6. Chaturvidha pariksha-
(C.S.Su.11/17)
1.Aptopdesha
2.Pratyaksha
3.Anumana
4.Yukti

7. Panchavidha pariksha-
( Panchendriya pariksha)
1.Srotendriya
2.Chakshuindriya
3.Ghranendriya
4.Sparshendriya
5.Rasanendriya.

8. Shadvidha pariksha-
Panchendriya pariksha
+ Prashna (Su.su.10)

9. Ashtavidha pariksha-(Y.R.)
1.Nadi
2.Mutra
3.Mala
4.Jihva
5.Shabda
6.Sparsha
7.Drika
8.Akriti.

10. Dashvidha pariksha- (C.S.Vi 8/94)
1.Prakriti
2.Vikriti
3.Sara
4.Samhanana
5.Pramana
6.Satmya
7. Satva
8.Aharshakti
9.Vyayamshakti
10.Vaya.

11.  History taking by Prashna pariksha.
 Physical exam.+ Systemic exam.
 By Panchendriya pariksha and Darshan,Sparshna and
Pratyaksha make a possible diagnosis with the help of
Anumana and Aptopdesha.

12. Shadanga sarira and tryodasha srotasa has to be
examine.
 The main object of physical examination of a healthy
NB,is to decide the life span.
 In Ka.S.Sutra Sthana a separate chapter has been
written on certain signs and named
“Lakshnadhyaya” .
 This chapter deals with auspicious and inauspicious
features of the body of children.
 The child should be examined from downwards to
upwards.

13. e.g.
1.Nails :
fLUkX?krUkq’G{.krkezku[kkvkf/kiR;k;HkofUr]
LFkwykvkpk;kZ.kka]jktheUr’pnh?kZ’pk;q”erka]
fUkEUk’kqfDrrq”kkd`r;ksnfjnz.kka]:{kk.kka
nq[kHkkfxUkkaa.................
 Unctuous ,thin smooth and coppery nails -
anministrator
 Broad nails –teacher
 Nails having vertical ridges – long life
 Dry nails -sorrow

14. 2.Feet –
 A well developed foot with vertical lines indicate long
life, wealthy and will be adhipati i.e. Chief or leader.
 Sole of the foot having any one of following signs will
be a king – Swastik,
langlak,shankha,chakra,horse,elephant.
3. Fingers –
vM-xqyhUk[kiknSnhZ?kSnh?kkZ;q”kks]gzLoSgzLok;q”k%A
4.Heels –
[kji:”krUkqfo”keLQqfVreafyUkkikf”Z.kLiz’kLrkA
 Rough,thin,irregular,cracked and dirty heel indicate
bad life of the child.

15. 5.Gulpha –
xqYQkS xw<koYikoyksefljkS iz’kL;rs]
/kUkUkk’kk;ksYo.kkS]foiqyks ifjDys’kk;......
 A strong ,small,hairless gulpha with less
prominent veins indicate good life.
 Too much prominent gulpha indicates loss of
wealth.
 Too bad or broad gulpha indicates sorrowful life.
6.Urine –
 If child void urine without trouble, stream is not
too thin ,not less in quantity and flow is good then
these features indicate child is normal.
 Urine having bad odour ,too hot ,discoloured and
micturition with pain – not good features.
 If urine spread on the ground in various direction
means boy/girl will be childless in future.

16. 7.Udara-
 Slightly prominent,not lax,not bulky or hard abdomen –
long life.
 Dry and sunken abdomen – poverty.
 Wasted abdomen – no children.
 Abdomen depressed above umbilicus – short life span.
 On examination of abdomen one or more lines or skin folds
can be observed.Number of these lines have their own
importance.
no.of lines/skin folds Significance
One Good
Two Intelligent
Three Lucky
Four long life and more children
Many Bad life

17. 8.Nabhi –
UkkfHkxEHkhjkiznf{k.kko`rksRlfM+xUkh]
yksefljkorZoftZrkiz’kL;rs]..........
 Deep,turned towards right,rounded,slightly
elevated ,prominent edges and without hair or
prominent veins – normal and good.
 Small umbilicus – no child.
 Large ,deep and with prominent edges –
Administrator.
9.Bahu –
 Well shaped with strong elbows and touching the
knees are good.
 Arms having visible prominent veins – long life.
 Hairy arms – many child
 Arms having no any visible veins – hard life.

18. 10.Hairs –
L=h.kkapkfrnh?kkZ’pkfrgzLok’pfUkfUnrk%A
ds’kHkwfefLUkX/kk yksfgrkfUkeZykfUkozZ.kkpiz’kL;rsAA
 Women having too much long and too much short
hairs are considerd bad.
 Scalp should be smooth ,clean and scarless.
11.Gait –
 Gait like an elephant,ox,lion and tiger – king
 Slow moving – good
 Fast moving - suffering with pleasure and
sorrow quickly

19.  Persons having oblique gait – not good
 Stammering gait – bad
General Features :
 Normal body structure will lead to a good health.
 Along with above mentioned examination,specific
parts of the body should also be noted for some
general features.
 Acarya Caraka has given the pramana of normal body
parts in C.S.Vi 8/117 while Acarya Kashyapa has
mentioned normal as well as abnormal features and
their probable effect on future life of the child K.S.Su
28 chapter.

20.  Besides these some Acaryas like Acarya
Susruta,Acarya Caraka and Acarya Vagbhat have
described several procedures like
Mukhvishodhana,abhyanga,snana,care of bregma
etc.are to be performed in newborns.
 During these above procedures,one may detect
congenital malformations like abnormalities of lips &
oral cavity, hare lip,tongue tie,cleft lip & palate during
mukhavishodhana.
 Care of bregma by taila pichu may provide opportunity
to examine skull for anterior fontanel & birth injuries
like caput succedaneum & cephalohematoma.

21. Examination of sick children :
 Acarya Kasyapa has described a separate chapter on
the signs and symptoms of various disorders, named
“Vedanadhyaya” in sutrasthana.
 In this chapter Vrdha Jivaka has asked Acarya Kasyapa
about the methods of diagnosis of diseases of ill
children,as most of them are unable to explain their
complaints.
 Manifestation of signs (diseases) of various sites ,as
described by Acarya Kasyapa are mentioned in a
systematic manner.

22. General signs and symptoms
 Sirahsula –
Hk`’kaf’kj%LiUn;fr- excessive movement of
head.
fUkfey;frp{kqf”k - closes his eyes
vodwtR;jfrekUkLoIUk’p~-sudden weeping in night
while sleeping in day time
anoxia &insomnia.
 Jvara –
eqgqUkZe;rsvM-xkfUkt`EhkrsdkLkrseqgq%A– Repeated
contraction of extremities,yawning and coughing.

23.  /kk=hekyh;rsvdLEkkr~LrU;a UkkR;fHkUkUn;frA
 yykVL;kfHkrIrrkA
 v:fp%ikn;ks%‘kSR;e~A
 Trishna –
 LRkUkaficfrpkR;FkZaUkpr`f”kjksfnfrA
Child is not satisfied even after excessive b/feeding
and cries.
 Kamla –
 The colour of eyes,nails,mouth,stool&urine become
yellowish.
 Child loses his enthusiasm and having loss of appetite
and body requires blood.

24. Pandu –
 UkkH;kaleUrr%‘kksFk%‘osrkf{kUk[kodzrkA
ik.MqjksxsvfXUklkn’p‘o;Fkq’pkf{kdwV;ks%A
Symptoms related to ear and eye
disorder
 Karnavedana
 Child touches ears.
 Excessive movement of head.
 Nausea & anorexia.
 Chakshu roga –
 Difficulty in looking .

25.  Pain , itching ,inflammation &redness of eyes
 Excessive lachrymation.
 Sticky eyes.
Symptoms related to the mouth &
throat
 Mukharoga –
 Excessive salivation.
 Excessive movement of head.
 Nausea , vomiting & insomnia.
 Adhijihvika roga –
ykykLkzkoksv:fpXykfUk%diksys‘o;FkqO;ZFkkA
eq[kL;foo`rRoaptkUkh;knf/kfgodke~AA

26. Symptoms related to Gastrointestinal system –
 Atisara –
nsgoSo.;ZejfreqZ[kXykfUkjfUknzrkA
okrdeZfUko`fr’psR;rhlkjkxzosnUkkAA
 Visuchika –
 ng;rsvM-kfUklwP;UrsHkT;UrsfUk”VUkR;frA
 g`fn‘kwyapo/kZrsA
 burning sensation & pain like peircing by needles.
 Difficulty in breathing &pain in cardiac region.

27.  Alsaka –
 Loss of head control & feeling of piercing sensation.
 Disliking of b/feed & vomiting.
 Anaha –
fo’kkyLrC/kUk;Uk%ioZHksnkjfrDyehA
 Eyes are widely opened.
 Pain in joints & feeling of dullness.
 Chhardi rog
vfUkfereHkh{.kap;L;ksnxkj%izorZrsA
 Belching without any apparent reason.

28.  Udarashula –
 Refuses b/feeding and cries.
 Sleep in supine position.
 Stifness of body.
 Feeling of cold and perspiration on face.
Symptoms related to anorectal disorder
 Arsha
c)iDoiqjh”kRoa ljDra ok d`’kkReUk%A
Symptoms related to respiratory tract
 Pinasa
 Breathing from mouth.
 Nasal discharge & warm forehead.
 Repeated coughing & sneezing.

29.  Svasa roga
 Exhalation of excessive warm air during respiration.
Symptoms related to the nervous
system
 Unmada
 Delirium and upset of mind.
 Apasmara –
 Child suddenly makes abnormal sound like horse.
 Madatyaya (effect of sedatives or alcoholic products) –

30.  Madatyaya (effect of sedatives or alcoholic products)
 The child loses his conciousness and suffer from
insomnia.
 Complaints of vomiting,disliking wet nurse , feeling of
uneasiness,confusion,fear,anxiety & thirst.
 The all above condition mentioned by Acarya
Kasyapa seems to be disorders of emotions ,especially
neurosis.Anxiety can be expressed as irritability or
whimpering or as worry in older children.It can also
appear as a phobia ,such as fear of dark or going
outside.

31. Early diagnosis of a child is always helpful to cure the
ill child very well in their early stage because these
diseases,in their later course may prove fatal or
difficult to treat.
Acarya Vagbhata has given very short description
about diagnostic aspect of children and prodromal
features of very few disorders like abdominal
discomforts,diseases of urogenital tract and headache
have been mentioned.
In later period,Acaryas like Madhav nidan,
Vangasena and GadaNigraha also gave some
descriptions for diagnosis of children disorders,but
these have followed only their previous texts.No
special contribution has been made by these texts,in
this field,except Acarya Kasyapa.

32. THANK YOU.