subtopics: 1- History of Astronomy 2- Astronomy& Cosmology 3- Stars and galaxies Prepared by : Ranko Kamil Hassan Physics Department Email : rankokamil95@gmail.com

1. Prepared by : Ranko Kamil Hassan
Country : Sulaymaniyah , Iraq
Course : Academic English for Postgraduate Students
Instructor : Ayfer Civisilli
Date : 14 January 2020
Email : rankokamil95@gmail.com

2.  Contents
 History of Astronomy
 Astronomy & Cosmology
 Stars and Galaxies

3.  History of Astronomy
 One of the oldest natural sciences.
 In 1910 Harlow Shapley estimated the size of the Milky Way
 Used to make calendars.

4.  Astronomy & cosmology
 Astronomy talks about motion and relative positions of heavenly bodies.
 Focuses on celestial mechanics and optics.
 Cosmology involves the origin and evolution.
 Studies the universe as whole.

5.  Stars and galaxies
 Stars a huge ball of gas
 The core is extremely hot and produces energy
 Have unusual sizes, colors and temperatures.
 Galaxies is a huge collection of gas, and dust.
 Our universe a small part of the Milky Way galaxy.

6.  CONCLUSION
I have been making explanations history of astronomy, stars and galaxies and also astronomy and
cosmology. As far as I concerned astronomy is a very crucial and worthwhile for understanding our
universe and also while space. Possible you like to see the stars and Saturn especially at night if you use
the modern telescopes you will see unbelievable and amazing views. I suggest you read some information
about the Miky Way Galaxy. And also search this website (www.cosmolearning.org) .

7.  References
 Unsold, Albrecht; Bichsel, Bodo. (2001). The new cosmos: An introduction to astronomy and
astrophysics. Translated by Brewer, WD. Berlin, New York. Retrieved 17 November 2016, from
Wikipedia.org, https://en.Wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomy.
 Hinshaw, Gary.(13 July 2006). Cosmology 101: The study of the universe. From the original 13
August 2006. Retrieved 10 August 2006. from NASA WMAP.
https://web.archive.org/web/20060813053535/http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/munihtml.
 Arthur Berry. (1961). A short history of astronomy from earliest times through the nineteenth century.
New York: publications, the international standard book number ISBN 978-0-486-20210-5

8. End of presentation
I am really appearance to Mrs. Ayfer Civisilli
and also thank you so much to the audiences for
listening the presentation