2. 51A. Fundamental duties.
It shall be the duty of every citizen of India:
(a) to abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions,
the National Flag and the National Anthem;
(b) to cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national
struggle for freedom;
(c) to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India;
(d) to defend the country and render national service when called upon
to do so;
(e) to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst
all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or
sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of
women;
(f) to value and preserve the rich heritage of our composite culture;
(g) to protect and improve the natural environment including forests,
lakes, rivers and wild life, and to have compassion for living creatures;
(i) to safeguard public property and to abjure violence;
3. Liberties
we are familiar with only duties imposed by rules they
are also liberties or privileges that are granted to us by
rules in effect liberties say that if a person performs a
certain type of act no other person will have any legal
basic for complaint and hence officials will not
interfere. example liberties established by law or
freedom of speech and freedom religion which are
granted to us by our constitution .we have liberty
either to speak or to maintain silence the law allows
us to choose. thus liberty simply means a absense of
duty
4. Power
368. Power of Parliament to amend the Constitution and procedure therefor.
(1) Notwithstanding anything in this Constitution, Parliament may in exercise
of its constituent power amend by way of addition, variation or repeal any
provision of this Constitution in accordance with the procedure laid down in
this article.
(2) An amendment of this Constitution may be initiated only by the
introduction of a Bill for the purpose in either House of Parliament, and when
the Bill is passed in each House by a majority of the total membership of that
House and by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members of that
House present and voting, it shall be presented to the President who shall give
his assent to the Bill and thereupon the Constitution shall stand amended in
accordance with the terms of the Bill:
Provided that if such amendment seeks to make any change in:
(a) article 54, article 55, article 73, article 162 or article 241,
5. Eg; buyer we can say has a power under the law to
sender what the law calls an offer noticed that buyer
has no duty to do so he is equally at liberty to make an
offer for some other washing machines or to make no
offer at all but once a person exercise power given to
him he will create new legal duties liberty and powers
for himself and for others to have paper means to
change the legal situation
6. Criminal law
Criminal law is the body of law that relates to crime. It
proscribes conduct perceived as threatening, harmful,
or otherwise endangering to the property, health,
safety, and moral welfare of people inclusive of one's
self.
7. Civil law
Civil law is a body of rules that defines and protects
the private rights of citizens, offers legal remedies that
may be sought in a dispute, and covers areas of law
such as contracts, torts, property and family law