These slides includes definition of Fluid. Fluid Power, difference between hydraulic and Pneumatics, Advantages of Fluid Power and application of Fluid Power

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WELCOME
to
FLUID POWER

2. Definition of Fluid
Definition of Fluid Power
Difference between Pneumatic and Hydraulic
Advantages and Disadvantages of Fluid Power
Application of Fluid Power
HUSSAIN MOHAMED DIDI 2

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• In physics, fluid - substance that
continually
deforms (flows)
• under an applied shear stress.
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• Fluids > subset of the phases of matter
include
• liquids
• gases
• plasmas
• to some extent, plastic solids.

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• Liquids
• A liquid is a nearly incompressible
fluid that conforms to the shape of its
container but retains a constant
volume independent of pressure
Examples of Liquids
• Water.
• Milk.
• Blood.
• Gasoline.
• Mercury (an element)
• Bromine (an element)

7. • Gases
• Examples of Gases
• Hydrogen.
• Nitrogen.
• Oxygen.
• Carbon Dioxide.
• Carbon Monoxide.
• Water Vapor.
• Helium.
• Neon.

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Plasma => https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=94tReSbyPYc
Examples of Plasma
Gases in discharge tubes (fluorescent lamps and neon signs)

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Examples of Plasma
Welding arcs.

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Examples of Plasma
Lightning.

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Examples of Plasma
Auroras.

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Examples of Plasma
Stars and the Sun

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to some extent, Plastic solids
• Polyvinyl chloride: PVC.

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• Polypropylene: PP.

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• Polystyrene: PS.

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• Low-density polyethylene: LDPE

17. Classified into 5 types
1. Ideal fluid
2. Real fluid
3. Newtonian fluid
4. Non-Newtonian fluid
5. Ideal plastic fluid
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18. 1. Ideal fluid: Incompressible & no viscosity.
Only a theoretical fluid.
example: water, blood, clay … etc.
2. Real fluid: posses viscosity.
All the fluids, in actual practice are real fluids.
example: petrol, diesel … etc.
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19. 3. Newtonian fluid: obeys the law of Newton (shear stress is
directly proportional to the rate of shear strain).
- described the flow behavior of fluids with a simple linear
relation between shear stress [mPa] and shear rate [1/s]. This
relationship is now known as Newton's Law of Viscosity,
where the proportionality constant η is the viscosity [mPa-s]
of the fluid:
Example: kerosene
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20. 4. Non-Newtonian fluid: shear stress is not directly
proportional to the rate of shear strain. – viscosity/length
known as
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21. 5. Ideal plastic fluid: shear stress is more than the yield
value and shear stress is proportional to the rate of shear
strain
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23. Fluid power is the technology that deals:
 generation,
 control, and
 transmission of power using pressurized
fluids.
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24. It can be said that fluid power is the muscles that moves
industry.
Fluid power is used to:
 push
 pull
 regulate, or
 drive virtually all the machines.
Ex:
 Fluid power steers, & Breaks automobiles.
 Air planes
 Processing food
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25. Fluid Power is a type of power transmission that uses
fluid,
 such as liquids or
 gases
 to transmit power from one location to another.
This type of power transmission is used in a wide range
of applications
 including hydraulic systems and
 other types of machinery.
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26. Hydraulic systems use liquids, such as
 oil or
 water
 to transmit power.
 These systems typically use pumps to pressurize the fluid,
 which is then used to power
 cylinders,
 motors,
 or other types of actuators.
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27.  Hydraulic systems are commonly used in heavy machinery,
 such as construction equipment,
 as well as industrial applications,
 such as manufacturing and
 processing
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FORCE

30. differences between Pneumatic & Hydraulic “fluid power”
is called
 Pneumatic - fluid is gas
 Hydraulic - fluid is liquid.
Pneumatic system use air as gas medium
 air is very abundant
 can exhausted to atmosphere
 after completing its assigned task.
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31. Fluid power systems are designed specifically to perform
work.
work is accomplished by pressurized fluid bearing
directly on
 an operating fluid cylinder or
 fluid motor.
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32. fluid cylinder produces a force resulting
 linear motion.
fluid motor produces a torque resulting in
 rotary motion.
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33. methods of transmitting power.
 Electrical
 Mechanical
 Fluid power
most application actually use
 combination of these 3 methods to obtain most efficient overall
system.
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34. ADVANTAGES
Transmit power economically over greater
distance than mechanical types
Easy and accuracy of control: by use of
simple levers and push button operator of
fluid power can start, stop, speed or slow
down, with accuracy and desired power. Ex
aircraft rise & lower landing gear.
Constant force or torque: Only fluid power
systems are capable of providing constant
force or torque regardless of speed changes.
Fluid power systems also have the highest
power per weight ratio of any known power
source. 36

35. ADVANTAGES
Simplicity, Safety, Economy
 Fewer moving parts, compact, reliable
Multiplication of Forces
 Multiply of forces without gears, pulleys,
levers
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36. ADVANTAGES OF
HYDRAULICS
The advantages of hydraulics over the other
forms of power transmission are:
 An infinite control of speed
 An infinite control of pressure
 An instant change of direction, including
stopping and starting
 It is self lubricating
 Large forces are transmitted
 Pipes and hoses can run at any angle
 Systems are relatively compact for the forces
transmitted
 Leaks are easy to detect
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37. ADVANTAGES OF
PNEUMATICS
The advantages of pneumatics over the other
forms of power transmission are:
 Light equipment
 Does not require return lines for the use fluid
 Air does not cost anything
 No storage facilities are required for the used fluid
 Air does not cost anything
 There is no heavy fluid in the system
 High speeds can be achieved
 Components are relatively cheap
 There is no risk of environmental contamination
from the fluid
 Can be safely used in explosion risk areas
 Very little effect from temperatures up to 120°C
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38. DISADVANTAGES
It also has some draw backs
Hydraulic oil are messy and leakage is impossible to
eliminate completely.
Hydraulic line can burst possibly resulting injuries to
people.
Prolong exposure to loud noise originate from pumps
can result in loss of hearing.
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39. APPLICATION OF FLUID
POWER
Fluid power drives high-wire overhead tram.
Fluid power is applied to harvesting corn
Fluid power is the muscles in industrial lift truck:-
Fork lift
Fluid power drives excavators.
Door closer
Dentist chair
Hydraulic press
Hydraulic Shaper, Pneumatic Screw Driver
Hydraulic jack… etc.
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40. INDUSTRIAL USERS OF FLUID
POWER
Manufacturing: handling, bundling, tying, presses,
machine tools, mixing and lifting.
Mining: continuous miners, pit props & drills.
Agriculture: farming equipment.
Aircraft: the undercarriage, general flying controls, cargo
cramps & keeping wings de-iced
Marine: steering, stabilizers, winches, cargo doors,
Forestry: earth moving equipment, tree loppers and tree
stripers
Transport: automatic doors on trains, brakes and lifting
equipment
Entertainment
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41. SKID LOADER
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42. SKID LOADER
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43. OPERATOR COMPARTMENT
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44. DOUBLE ACTING ACTUATOR
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45. LOG SPLITTER
The major components of a log splitter are shown below:
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