E-waste management

1. ENVIRONMENTAL
MANAGEMENT & AUDIT
UNIT
-III
E-WASTE MANAGEMENT

3. E-WASTE MANAGEMENT
➢Def: Electronic waste, popularly known as ‘e-
waste’ can be defined as electronic equipments or
products connects with power plug, batteries which
have become obsolete
➢Due to:
1. Advancement in technology
2. Changes in fashion, style and status
3. Nearing the end of their useful life.

6. TYPES OF E-WASTE
You can’t ignore the fact that there is a lot of waste
worldwide, and the amount is unstoppable. But if you
see the amount of waste that has increased the most, it
is electronic waste. For garbage like this, it is usually
divided into these seven types:
1. ICT and Telecommunications Equipment
Items classified into ICT include CPUs, screens,
monitors, mice, printers, keyboards, networking
equipment, laptops, audio amplifiers, CDs, DVDs,
and video cameras. And this number is arguably the
most in the current era because it is the easiest to
obtain.

7. • 2. Office Electronics
• Office use and the amount of trash in the world
seem to be a problem. Office electronics include
calculators, photocopying equipment, electronical,
typewriters, telephones, fax machines, and
facsimiles if they are still in the office.
• 3. Large Household Appliances
• Let’s see first what electronic items are in large
sizes in your home. You could say everyday items
such as freezers, cookers, air conditioners, radiators,
fans, and many more. And it is classified
as electronic waste in a large size.

8. 4. Small Household Appliances
If it was a large one, now try to imagine small items
also included in electronic devices. These are things
like hair dryers, fryers, swing weaving, and many
more. And this also consists of a lot.
5. Consumer Equipment
Items used for consumer use will also be included in
the electronic waste sector. This category for
consumers is all forms of activity that will be
important to serve consumers. Many activities fall into
this category.

9. 6. Medical Equipment
And there are still many who are not aware that this
waste is also included in medical matters. If this is
added up, it can be calculated how much the amount
of waste is. So, electronic equipment is involved in
injury, treatment, prevention, and detection activities.
7. Toys Leisure and Sports Equipment
As kids grow older, of course, there are toys or games
that they no longer use. And there must be some of
those items that belong to electronics. If there is only
one electronic component, such as a battery, in the
toy, then it is classified as e-waste as well.

11. • Collecting e-waste requires careful planning and
coordination to ensure that the waste is properly managed
and disposed of in an environmentally responsible manner.
Here are some methods and steps you can consider for
collecting e-waste:
• Awareness and Education:
• Start by educating your community or target audience
about the importance of responsible e-waste disposal and
the potential environmental and health hazards associated
with improper disposal.
• Create informational materials, workshops, and campaigns
to raise awareness about the need to recycle electronic
devices.
COLLECTION PROCESS

12. Collaboration:
Partner with local governments, waste management agencies,
non-profit organizations, and recycling facilities to ensure a
comprehensive and well-coordinated e-waste collection effort.
Designated Drop-Off Points:
• Set up designated collection points in convenient and
accessible locations such as community centres, schools,
libraries, or shopping centres.
• Provide clearly labelled bins or containers for different types of
e-waste.
Collection Events:
Organize e-waste collection events on specific dates or occasions,
where people can bring their unwanted electronic devices for
recycling.
Promote these events through social media, local newspapers, and
community bulletin boards.

13. Pick-Up Services:
• Partner with waste management companies to offer
pick-up services for larger e-waste items or for people
who are unable to drop off their items themselves.
• Schedule collection times and locations for these pick-
ups.
Corporate and Workplace Initiatives:
• Encourage businesses, offices, and institutions to
participate in e-waste collection by setting up collection
points within their premises.
• Promote workplace initiatives that encourage employees
to bring in their old electronic devices for recycling.

14. 1.School Programs:
• Collaborate with schools and educational institutions to
implement e-waste collection programs, educating
students about responsible disposal practices.
2.Online Platforms:
• Create online platforms or apps where individuals can
request e-waste pick-up services or find nearby drop-off
locations.
• Provide information on the types of devices accepted and
the recycling process.
3.Participation Incentives:
• Offer incentives such as discounts on future purchases or
small rewards to encourage people to participate in e-
waste collection initiatives.

15. Safe Data Removal:
• Encourage participants to erase personal data from
electronic devices before collection.
• Provide guidelines on data removal or partner with
certified data destruction services.
Certified Recycling Partners:
• Partner with certified e-waste recycling facilities that
follow proper recycling processes and adhere to
environmental regulations.
Measurement and Reporting:
• Keep track of the amount of e-waste collected and
properly recycled.
• Share progress reports with the community to showcase
the positive impact of their efforts.

16. SEGREGATION
Proper segregation of e-waste is crucial for effective recycling
and safe disposal. Here's a step-by-step guide on how to segregate
e-waste:
Educate Yourself and Your Team:
• Understand the different categories of e-waste and the types of materials
present in various electronic devices.
• Learn about the potential hazards associated with different components,
such as batteries and circuit boards.
Categorize E-Waste:
Divide e-waste into broad categories based on device type, such as
computers, mobile devices, home appliances, and more.
Separate Batteries:
Remove batteries from electronic devices, as they can contain hazardous
materials. Place batteries in separate containers designated for battery
recycling.

17. Identify Valuable Components:
• Identify components that contain valuable materials like
precious metals (gold, silver, etc.) and rare elements
(lithium, cobalt).
• These components can often be recovered during the
recycling process.
Remove Data Storage Devices:
• Remove hard drives, memory cards, and other data storage
devices from computers and other electronics before
recycling.
• Erase or destroy the data on these devices to protect personal
information.
Dismantle Larger Items:
• For larger electronic devices like printers or televisions,
consider dismantling them into smaller parts.
• Separate plastics, metals, circuit boards, and cables.

18. Sort by Material Type:
• Sort components by their material type, such as plastics,
metals, glass, and circuit boards.
• Different materials require specific recycling processes.
Label and Containerize:
• Use clearly labeled containers for different types of e-waste
materials, making it easy for recycling facilities to process
them.
Protective Measures:
• Wear appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) when
handling e-waste to protect against potential hazards.
Prevent Mixing:
• Avoid mixing different types of e-waste, as this can
complicate the recycling process.

19. Refer to Guidelines:
• Follow local regulations and guidelines for e-waste
segregation and disposal.
• Some areas may have specific requirements for handling
certain types of e-waste.
Train Personnel:
• Educate employees, volunteers, or community members
involved in e-waste collection on proper segregation
techniques.
Regular Audits:
• Conduct periodic audits of the e-waste segregation process
to ensure that guidelines are being followed correctly.
Documentation:
• Maintain records of the types and quantities of e-waste
segregated.
• This documentation can help monitor progress and

20. DISPOSAL METHODS
Disposing of e-waste properly is essential to prevent environmental
pollution and health hazards. Here are some responsible disposal
methods for e-waste:
Recycling:
• Recycling is one of the most environmentally friendly ways to
manage e-waste. Components like metals, plastics, and circuit
boards can be recovered and reused in the manufacturing of new
products.
• Look for certified e-waste recycling facilities that adhere to proper
recycling processes and environmental regulations.
Donation and Reuse:
• If electronic devices are still functional and in good condition,
consider donating them to schools, non-profit organizations, or
individuals in need.
• Many local charities and community organizations accept used
electronics for reuse.

21. Trade-In Programs:
• Some electronics manufacturers and retailers offer trade-in
programs where you can exchange your old devices for discounts
on new ones.
• These programs often ensure that old devices are properly
recycled or refurbished.
Manufacturer Take-Back Programs:
• Some electronics manufacturers have take-back programs where
they accept their products for proper disposal at the end of their
life cycle.
• Check the manufacturer's website or contact their customer service
to learn about available options.
Waste Collection Events:
• Participate in e-waste collection events organized by local
governments, waste management agencies, or non-profit
organizations.
• These events provide designated drop-off points for e-waste,
ensuring proper handling and disposal.

22. Certified E-Waste Collection Centres:
• Use the services of certified e-waste collection centres
that follow responsible disposal practices.
• These centres ensure that e-waste is managed safely and
in compliance with regulations.
Secure Data Destruction:
• Before disposing of devices, ensure that any personal
data is securely removed.
• Some recycling facilities offer data destruction services
to protect your sensitive information.
Proper Disposal Facilities:
• In cases where devices are no longer functional or
repairable, dispose of them at proper waste disposal
facilities.
• Avoid throwing e-waste into regular household trash or
incineration.

23. Household Hazardous Waste Collection Programs:
• Some areas have designated programs for collecting
household hazardous waste, including e-waste.
• Contact your local waste management agency to inquire
about these programs.
Electronic Recycler Certifications:
Look for e-waste recyclers certified by recognized
organizations, such as R2 (Responsible Recycling) or e-
Stewards, to ensure responsible and ethical disposal.
Responsible Export:
If exporting e-waste to other countries, ensure that it is being
sent to reputable facilities that adhere to proper recycling
practices and do not contribute to illegal dumping.

24. Effect on air, water and soil
➢ E-waste can have significant negative effects on air, water, and soil
quality when not properly managed.
➢ Improper disposal and recycling of electronic waste can release
hazardous substances into the environment, posing risks to human health,
ecosystems, and natural resources.
➢ Here's how e-waste can impact each of these environmental
components:
Air Pollution:
➢ Burning or incinerating e-waste, a common practice in some areas,
releases toxic fumes into the air.
➢ Many electronic devices contain plastic components and flame retardants
that, when burned, release dioxins and furans, which are highly toxic
compounds.
➢ Lead and other heavy metals in e-waste can vaporize during improper
disposal, contributing to air pollution.
➢ Airborne particles and pollutants can travel over long distances, affecting
not only local communities but also regional air quality.

25. Water Pollution:
• E-waste contains hazardous materials such as lead, mercury,
cadmium, and brominated flame retardants.
• When e-waste is dumped in landfills or improperly processed,
these toxic substances can leach into groundwater and surface
water, contaminating water sources.
• Water bodies near e-waste disposal sites can become polluted,
affecting aquatic life and potentially entering the human food
chain through fish consumption.
Soil Contamination:
• E-waste often contains heavy metals, which can accumulate in the
soil when improperly disposed of or recycled.
• The soil can become contaminated with lead, cadmium, and other
harmful substances, making it unsuitable for agriculture and
posing risks to plants, animals, and humans.
• The presence of toxic materials in soil can also result in the
contamination of crops grown in that soil.

26. Electronic Waste Dumping Sites:
• In some cases, e-waste is illegally dumped in open areas or
landfills without proper containment measures.
• Rainwater can carry chemicals from the e-waste, creating
"e-waste runoff" that can flow into nearby water bodies,
causing contamination.
Informal Recycling Practices:
• In certain regions, informal recycling practices involve
dismantling e-waste in unregulated environments.
• These practices can expose workers to hazardous materials
and result in the release of toxins into the air, soil, and water.
Global Trade in E-Waste:
• The export of e-waste to developing countries can
exacerbate environmental and health problems.
• In some cases, imported e-waste is processed using unsafe
methods, releasing pollutants into local environments.

27. Health hazards
E-waste (electronic waste) contains a variety of
hazardous materials that can pose serious health risks
to individuals who come into contact with it. The
improper handling and disposal of e-waste can lead
to exposure to these hazardous substances, resulting
in a range of health problems. Here are some specific
health hazards associated with e-waste:

28. Heavy Metal Exposure:
•Lead: Found in old CRT monitors, lead-acid batteries, and
soldered components. Lead exposure can lead to neurological
and developmental issues, especially in children.
•Mercury: Present in fluorescent lamps, switches, and some
batteries. Mercury exposure can affect the nervous system and
lead to behavioural and developmental problems.
•Cadmium: Found in rechargeable batteries and some
electronic components. Cadmium exposure can damage the
kidneys and cause lung and prostate cancer.
•Chromium: Used in electroplating and as an anti-corrosive.
Hexavalent chromium, a toxic form, can lead to lung cancer
and respiratory issues.

29. Brominated Flame Retardants (BFRs):
BFRs are used to reduce the flammability of plastics in
electronics. They can leach from e-waste and accumulate in
the environment, potentially disrupting hormones and
leading to developmental and reproductive problems.
Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs):
PCBs were commonly used in older electronics. Exposure
to PCBs can lead to a range of health issues, including
immune system disruption, reproductive problems, and
cancer.
Dioxins and Furans:
Produced during the burning or incineration of e-waste.
These highly toxic compounds can cause skin problems,
disrupt hormones, and have long-term health impacts.

30. Organophosphates and Flame Retardants:
1.Used in circuit boards, cables, and plastic casings. These
chemicals have been linked to neurodevelopmental
disorders, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
(ADHD) and cognitive impairments.
Respiratory and Skin Issues:
1.Open burning of e-waste releases toxic fumes that can
irritate the respiratory tract and cause lung problems.
2.Direct skin contact with e-waste components and dust
can lead to dermatitis and other skin issues.
Cancer Risk:
1.Exposure to various hazardous substances in e-waste has
been linked to an increased risk of cancer, particularly
among individuals who are continuously exposed
through informal recycling practices.

31. Neurological and Developmental Effects:
Heavy metals and certain chemicals in e-waste can affect
the nervous system, leading to developmental delays,
cognitive impairments, and behavioural problems.
Reproductive Health Issues:
Exposure to certain hazardous substances in e-waste can
lead to reproductive problems, including fertility issues and
developmental abnormalities in offspring.
Endocrine Disruption:
Some chemicals in e-waste can disrupt the endocrine
system, leading to hormonal imbalances and potential
health impacts on growth, development, and metabolism.

32. Role of individual for E-waste management.
Individuals play a critical role in effective e-waste
management to reduce its environmental impact and minimize
health hazards. Here's how you can contribute to responsible
e-waste management:
Reduce E-Waste Generation:
•Purchase durable products with a longer lifespan and avoid
unnecessary upgrades.
•Consider whether you truly need a new device before making a
purchase.

33. Reuse and Repair:
• Extend the life of your electronic devices by repairing
them instead of replacing them.
• Donate or sell functional electronics that you no longer
need.
Responsible Disposal:
• Do not throw e-waste in regular trash or incineration.
• Find certified e-waste collection centres or recycling
programs in your area.
Participate in Collection Events:
Attend e-waste collection events organized by local
communities, organizations, or recycling facilities.
Data Security:
Erase all personal data from devices before disposal or
recycling to protect your privacy.

34. Educate Yourself:
Learn about the hazardous materials present in electronic devices and
their potential impact on health and the environment.
Advocate for Responsible Practices:
• Raise awareness about e-waste issues among friends, family, and
your community.
• Encourage others to adopt responsible e-waste management
practices.
Support Legislation and Policies:
• Advocate for stricter e-waste regulations and policies in your
region.
• Support initiatives that promote proper recycling and disposal of
electronic devices.
Purchase Environmentally Friendly Products:
Choose electronic products that are designed for easy disassembly,
recycling, and are free of hazardous materials whenever possible.
Consumer Electronics Recycling:
Look for recycling programs provided by manufacturers or retailers
where you can return your old devices when purchasing new ones.

35. CURRENT E-WASTE MANAGEMENT
RULES
The Government has notified E-waste Management Rules,
2022, which shall come into force from the 1st day of April,
2023. These rules shall apply to every manufacturer,
producer, refurbisher, dismantler and recycler involve in
manufacture, sale, transfer, purchase, refurbishing,
dismantling, recycling and processing of e -waste or electrical
and electronic equipment (EEE)

36. Registration :
• Entities shall register on the portal (CPCB) under
applicable category. If the entity falls in more than one
category, then shall register under every category
separately.
• No Entity shall carry out any business without registration
and the registered entity shall not deal with any
unregistered manufacturer, producer recycler and
refurbisher.
• For registration, registration fee and annual maintenance
charges shall be based on the capacity of e -waste
generated, recycled or handled.

37. Other Responsibilities as Manufacturer :
The responsibility of the Manufacturer is only to Collect the e-
waste generated during the manufacture of any electrical and
electronic equipment and ensure its recycling or disposal.
Other Responsibilities as Producer :
• Creating awareness through media publications,
advertisements, post survey or any other means of
communication.
• Obtaining and implementing extended producer
responsibility targets as applicable based on the quantity
placed in the Market.