Budgeting is one of the most important processes carried out by governments, because budgets enable governments to acquire the resources to execute public policy. The funds needed to maintain a police force, pave streets, build government buildings, provide a safety net for the poor, and run school systems are identified through budget processes. Budgeting requires matching sources of funds with expenditures needed to carry out the business of government. Common sources of funds include property tax, business tax, income tax, sales tax, fees for service, fines, and licensing fees. Expenditures are directed at things like public security, education, culture, social welfare, capital projects and recreation. One of the great challenges of budgeting is forecasting future revenues. Budgets are developed before government officials know how much revenue they will be able to work with. Generally, governments initially establish a basic budget based on best estimates of revenue at the outset of the budget year. As time passes and the actual value of revenue becomes clearer, budgets are adjusted. If revenues are more bountiful than predicted, budgets can be increased. If there are revenue shortfalls, budgets need to be trimmed. Ultimately, revenues and expenditures need be balanced. The budget process should begin with an understanding of the community’s needs and wants. Governments should establish visions, missions, and goals that target the achievement of these needs and wants. Without tying budgets to defined visions, missions, and goals, governments run the risk of pursuing irrelevant projects and operations. In this assignment, we examine the government budget process by looking at a real world example of a budget-in-action. Specifically, we look at the budget of Prince William County, Virginia as summarized in Proposed FY2015 Budget: Citizen Guide. Use this Document to answer the assignment questions below. Questions 1. Based on demographic data supplied in “Our Community” (p. 3), provide a summary of some key characteristics of the community and its members. 2. Beginning in the 1990s, PWC tied its budget to achieving its strategic plan. Explain how PWC uses the strategic plan to establish the foundation of its budget, using specific examples from Citizens Guide. 1. What are the top four sources of revenue for PWC? Do you believe the PWC revenue profile is typical for counties in the USA? Explain your answer. 1. PWC divides its budget into two categories: capital budget and operating budget. What is the difference between the two. What is the primary source of revenue for the capital budget? For the operating budget? 1. A big portion of the PWC budget entails “transfer to schools.” What does this mean from both the Revenue and Expenditure perspective? Supplement your answer with data from Citizens Guide. Be sure to look at the special character of this budget item on p. 11. 1. Smart county budgeting requires political sensitivity of e ...

1. Budgeting is one of the most important processes carried out by
governments, because budgets enable governments to acquire
the resources to execute public policy. The funds needed to
maintain a police force, pave streets, build government
buildings, provide a safety net for the poor, and run school
systems are identified through budget processes.
Budgeting requires matching sources of funds with expenditures
needed to carry out the business of government. Common
sources of funds include property tax, business tax, income tax,
sales tax, fees for service, fines, and licensing fees.
Expenditures are directed at things like public security,
education, culture, social welfare, capital projects and
recreation.
One of the great challenges of budgeting is forecasting future
revenues. Budgets are developed before government officials
know how much revenue they will be able to work with.
Generally, governments initially establish a basic budget based
on best estimates of revenue at the outset of the budget year. As
time passes and the actual value of revenue becomes clearer,
budgets are adjusted. If revenues are more bountiful than
predicted, budgets can be increased. If there are revenue
shortfalls, budgets need to be trimmed. Ultimately, revenues
and expenditures need be balanced.
The budget process should begin with an understanding of the
community’s needs and wants. Governments should establish
visions, missions, and goals that target the achievement of these
needs and wants. Without tying budgets to defined visions,
missions, and goals, governments run the risk of pursuing
irrelevant projects and operations.
In this assignment, we examine the government budget process

2. by looking at a real world example of a budget-in-action.
Specifically, we look at the budget of Prince William County,
Virginia as summarized in Proposed FY2015 Budget: Citizen
Guide. Use this Document to answer the assignment questions
below.
Questions
1. Based on demographic data supplied in “Our Community” (p.
3), provide a summary of some key characteristics of the
community and its members.
2. Beginning in the 1990s, PWC tied its budget to achieving its
strategic plan. Explain how PWC uses the strategic plan to
establish the foundation of its budget, using specific examples
from Citizens Guide.
1. What are the top four sources of revenue for PWC? Do you
believe the PWC revenue profile is typical for counties in the
USA? Explain your answer.
1. PWC divides its budget into two categories: capital budget
and operating budget. What is the difference between the two.
What is the primary source of revenue for the capital budget?
For the operating budget?
1. A big portion of the PWC budget entails “transfer to
schools.” What does this mean from both the Revenue and
Expenditure perspective? Supplement your answer with data
from Citizens Guide. Be sure to look at the special character of
this budget item on p. 11.
1. Smart county budgeting requires political sensitivity of
elected officials. How is such political sensitivity reflected in
the PWC budget process? (Hint: See p. 14.)
2. The PWC Capital Improvement Program (CIP) is reasonably
typical for counties in the USA. Why do county (and municipal)

3. budgets distinguish between capital budgets and operating
budgets? Which three budget areas dominate anticipated capital
budget expenditures? Where do you think the money is being
spent in these three areas?
Question 13 pts
An election consists of four candidates A, B, C, and D. The
candidates are ranked in order of preference by each of the
voters. The preference schedule for this election is given below.
Using the Borda Count Method, how many “points” does
candidate B have from the following election?
Number of voters
14
10
8
3
1st choice
A
C
D
C
2nd choice
B
B
A
B
3rd choice
C
D
B
D
4th choice
D
A
C

4. A
93
72
97
88
Flag this Question
Question 23 pts
An election consists of four candidates A, B, C, and D. The
candidates are ranked in order of preference by each of the
voters. The preference schedule for this election is given below.
Using the Borda Count Method, rank the contestants.
Number of voters
14
10
8
3
1st choice
A
C
D
C
2nd choice
B
B
A
B
3rd choice
C
D

5. B
D
4th choice
D
A
C
A
A, B, C, D
A, C, D, B
C, A, D, B
B, A, C, D
Flag this Question
Question 33 pts
According to the preference schedule of the following table,
who is ranked third using the plurality with Elimination
Method?
Number of voters
14
10
8
3
1st choice
A
C
D
C
2nd choice
B
B

6. A
B
3rd choice
C
D
B
D
4th choice
D
A
C
A
There is a tie.
B
D
A
Flag this Question
Question 43 pts
According to the preference schedule shown below, how
many 1st place votes does candidate C have?
Number of voters
14
10
8
3
1st choice
A
C
D

7. C
2nd choice
B
B
A
B
3rd choice
C
D
B
D
4th choice
D
A
C
A
14
10
3
13
Flag this Question
Question 53 pts
According to the preference schedule shown below, who is the
winner of the election using the Plurality Method?
Number of voters
14
10
8
3

8. 1st choice
A
C
D
C
2nd choice
B
B
A
B
3rd choice
C
D
B
D
4th choice
D
A
C
A
A
C
D
B
Flag this Question
Question 63 pts
According to the preference schedule shown below, how
many points does candidate C have using the Borda Count
Method?

9. Number of voters
14
10
8
3
1st choice
A
C
D
C
2nd choice
B
B
A
B
3rd choice
C
D
B
D
4th choice
D
A
C
A
76
88
48
60

10. Flag this Question
Question 73 pts
According to the preference schedule shown below, who is the
winner of the election using the Plurality with Elimination
Method?
Number of voters
14
10
8
3
1st choice
A
C
D
C
2nd choice
B
B
A
B
3rd choice
C
D
B
D
4th choice
D
A
C
A
B
D

11. A
C
Flag this Question
Question 83 pts
According to the preference schedule shown below:
Number of voters
14
10
8
3
1st choice
A
C
D
C
2nd choice
B
B
A
B
3rd choice
C
D
B
D
4th choice
D
A
C
A
When you use the Method of Pairwise Comparisons, how many
“pairwise” comparisons do you have?

12. 5
6
10
8
Flag this Question
Question 93 pts
According to the preference schedule shown below:
Number of voters
14
10
8
3
1st choice
A
C
D
C
2nd choice
B
B
A
B
3rd choice
C
D
B
D
4th choice
D
A
C

13. A
When you use the Method of Pairwise Comparisons, who is the
winner?
There is a tie.
A
B
C
Flag this Question
Question 103 pts
An election is held among five candidates (A, B, C, D, and E).
There are 37 votes. Using the Method of Pairwise Comparison it
is found that A, B, and C each win one pairwise comparison
while D wins four. If E wins the remaining comparisons in this
election, then which statement is true?
D is the Condorcet candidate.
E is the Condorcet candidate.
Both D and E are Condorcet candidates.
There is no Condorcet candidate.
Flag this Question
Question 113 pts
A violation of the Monotonicity Criterion occurs when
the increase in preference, among voters, of the winning

14. candidate causes the outcome of the election to change.
the removal of a losing candidate from the election causes the
outcome of the election to change.
the winning candidate is not Condorcet.
the winning candidate receives less than a majority of 1st
choice votes.
Flag this Question
Question 123 pts
A violation of the Independence of Irrelevant Alternatives
Criterion occurs when
the winning candidate is not Condorcet.
the winning candidate receives less than a majority of 1st
choice votes.
the removal of a losing candidate from the election causes the
outcome of the election to change.
the increase in preference, among voters, of the winning
candidate causes the outcome of the election to change.
Flag this Question
Question 133 pts
An election is held among five candidates (A, B, C, D, and E).
There are 37 votes. Using the Method of Pairwise Comparison it
is found that A, B, and C each win one pairwise comparison; D
wins four and E wins the remaining comparisons in this
election. How many “pairwise” comparisons did A lose?

15. 3
4
5
2
Flag this Question
Question 143 pts
Tim and his three friends Beth, Jane, and Sam pool their money
to buy a pizza. Tim gives $4; Beth gives $3; while both Jane
and Sam each give $2. If there are two choices for pizza and
each person gets to vote proportionally to the amount of money
he or she gave, then which weighted voting system models
scenario if the quota is a simple majority of votes?
[6: 3, 2, 1, 1]
[8: 4, 3, 2, 2]
[6: 4, 3, 2, 2]
[5: 4, 3, 2, 2]
Flag this Question
Question 153 pts
Consider the weighted voting system [40: 20, 18, 12, 8, 7, 5].
What's the weight of P2?

16. 40
12
18
20
Flag this Question
Question 163 pts
Consider the weighted voting system [40: 20, 18, 12, 8, 7, 5].
In a coalition of {P2, P3, P4, P6, P5, P1} find all
the pivotal players.
P2, P3, P4, P6
All of the players.
P5
P6
Flag this Question
Question 173 pts
Consider the weighted voting system [40: 20, 18, 12, 8, 7, 5].
In a coalition of {P2, P3, P4, P5}, find all the critical players.
P2, P3, P4
P4, P5
P2, P3

17. P2, P3, P4, P5
Flag this Question
Question 183 pts
An election with four candidates (A, B, C, and D) and 200
voters will use the Plurality Method to choose a winner. How
many first-place votes are needed for a majority?
99
200
100
101
Flag this Question
Question 193 pts
Consider the weighted voting system [11: 7, 5, 2, 1]. Which
player(s), if any, have veto power?
P2
P1 & P2
All of the players.
P1
Flag this Question
Question 203 pts
A committee consists of four members. How many
different coalitions are possible?

18. 31
16
4
15
Flag this Question
Question 213 pts
In a weighted voting system, when the quota is too small, it’s
possible for both YES’s and NO’s to have enough votes to a
certain issue. For example, [10: 8, 7, 3, 2], one can see a
mathematical version of ________________________. Fill the
blank.
dictator
anarchy
gridlock
veto
Flag this Question
Question 223 pts
On the other hand, if the quota is too big, you can never have
enough votes to pass a motion. For example, [22: 8, 7, 3, 2], one
can see a ________________________. Fill the blank.
anarchy
dictator

19. veto
gridlock
Flag this Question
Question 233 pts
In the weighted voting system [13: 10, 6, 5], consider
a sequential coalition <P2, P3, P1>. Who is the pivotalplayer?
All three players.
P1 & P2
P3
P1
Flag this Question
Question 243 pts
Consider the weighted voting system [13: 10, 6, 5]. What is
the Shapely-Shubik Power of P1?
2/6
1/5
4/6
3/6
Flag this Question
Question 253 pts
Consider the weighted voting system [20: 13, 11, 8].

20. In a coalition of {P1, P2, P3} who is the critical player(s)?
P1
P3
P1 & P2
P2
Flag this Question
Question 263 pts
Consider the weighted voting system [20: 13, 11, 8]. What is
the Banzhaf Power of P3?
1/4
2/5
1/5
1/6
Flag this Question
Question 273 pts
If there are 16 teams to play in a tournament, where each team
will play every other team once. Then how many matches will
take place?
16
15

21. 120
240
Flag this Question
Question 283 pts
Consider the weighted voting system [q: 6, 4, 2, 2].
Find the smallest value that the quota q can take.
12
9
7
8
Flag this Question
Question 293 pts
Consider the weighted voting system [q: 6, 4, 2, 2].
What is the largest value that the quota q can take?
8
15
14
7
Flag this Question
Question 303 pts
Consider the weighted voting system [q: 8, 6, 4]. Find
the smallest value of q for which all three players

22. have veto power.
16
14
13
15
Flag this Question
Question 313 pts
Consider the weighted voting system [q: 8, 6, 4]. Find
the smallest value of q for which P2 has veto power but P3 does
not.
13
14
12
15
Flag this Question
Question 323 pts
Consider the weighted voting system [18: 12, 10, 6].
Consider a sequential coalition {P1, P3, P2}. Who
is the pivotal player?
P3
P1

23. P2
P1 & P3
Flag this Question
Question 334 pts
Consider the weighted voting system [18: 12, 10, 6].
What is the Shapley-Shubik Power of P3?
1/6
1/5
2/7
2/6