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The Problem of Youth Drugged Driving
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Erin Holmes, M.A.
Research Scientist
Traffic Injury Research Foundation
RADD-ONDCP Teen DUID Summit
July 11th, 2014, Columbus, OH
3. Youth DUID: International problem
3
> In Canada, between 2000 and 2010, the number
of fatally injured drivers ages 16-19 who had
drugs (illicit and prescription) in their system
rose from 23.6% to 39.2% (Brown et al. 2013).
> The percentage of fatally injured drivers ages 16-
24 who had psychoactive drugs detected in their
system increased from 27.9% in
2000 to 40% in 2010 (Beirness et al. 2013).
> Cannabis is the most commonly
found drug in young drivers tested
at roadside and who are fatally
injured in crashes.
4. 4
Youth perceptions of DUID
> Youth have perceptions about the
prevalence, acceptability, and risk of DUID:
» DUID is not a serious problem.
» DUID is safer than alcohol-impaired
driving.
» Some drug use does not
adversely affect driving ability.
» Some drug use improves driving
ability.
» Likelihood of detection and
apprehension is low.
6. 6
Purpose of review
> Systematically review the literature on
prevention initiatives and approaches.
> Identify effective prevention programs,
interventions, initiatives, and
approaches aimed at reducing DUID
among youth.
> Inform the development
of future prevention
initiatives.
7. 7
Review findings
> Few programs and campaigns specific to
issue and target audience.
> Very limited body of literature; lack of
evaluation research.
> Definitive conclusions about the impact of
programs and campaigns on behavior
could not be drawn.
> Review did identify promising prevention
strategies that affected knowledge and
changed attitudes.
8. 8
Promising approaches
> Specific approaches, such as encouraging
youth to examine their attitudes, think
critically, make responsible choices and
communicate, could create opportunities
for empowerment.
> The teaching of coping skills, life skills, and
peer pressure resistance strategies, as well
as having youth assume
leadership roles, could
build self-esteem.
9. 9
Promising approaches
> Youth-centric, youth-created, culturally
sensitive, factual messaging will ensure
information is believable and easily
understood by the target audience.
> Involvement of parents
and engagement of the
community could
expand the outreach
and impact of
prevention
initiatives.
> Strategic timing.
10. The importance of self-efficacy
> Self-efficacy is the most important predictor
10
of behavior change (Cismaru et al. 2009).
> Necessary to provide advice on HOW to
avoid drugged driving.
» Should involve low costs.
» Feasible and practical alternatives.
> Making youth feel that they can actually
follow the recommendations should
constitute one of the main objectives of any
drugged driving prevention campaign.
11. 11
Prevention and enforcement
> Prevention alone cannot be ‘the’ solution.
> In the absence of the risk of being
detected, fined, or prosecuted for drugged
driving, education alone is not enough.
> Enforcing detection and penalties in
conjunction with prevention efforts could
make the consequences of driving after
using drugs relevant.
12. 12
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Institute for Behavior and Health (IBH):
www.ibhinc.org
Editor's Notes
These perceptions increase the likelihood that youth will engage in the behavior.
Important to keep these perceptions in mind as prevention strategies, programs, and campaigns are being developed.
There is concern about the frequency with which youth are driving under the influence of drugs; the combination of impairment and lack of driving experience increases their risk relative to other age groups of being involved in a collision.
To reduce the occurrence of drugged driving among youth, targeted prevention efforts are needed to educate, raise awareness, change attitudes, and alter behaviour.
Used a systematic search of the literature; identified, screened, and included as evidence relevant studies that evaluated interventions directed to youth to prevent drugged driving. Of the 106 studies identified, 9 were included in the final analysis.
Not enough research regarding behavior outcomes; did reveal that programs and campaigns were able to increase knowledge regarding different facets of the drugged driving issue and also change perceptions and attitudes towards the problem.
Literature and meta-analyses on social marketing campaigns for traffic safety.
