Desmond Ayim-Aboagye is a Ghanaian psychologist of religion, educationist, and philosopher known for his research in psychology of religion, transcultural psychiatry, behavioral economics, social psychiatry, and pain psychology. He has developed numerous scientific theories and discovered several psychiatric disorders related to war. He received his B.A. and M.A. from Andrews University and PhD from the University of Uppsala. Currently he is a professor and dean at Regent University College of Science and Technology in Ghana.

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Desmond Ayim-Aboagye
Alma mater
University of Uppsala
Andrews University
Known for
Hannibal Odessey Complex (HOC)
Stealing-covet Disorders of War (Kleptomania Krig)
Norman Psychosis (NP)
Absolute Zenith Complex (AZC)
Occupatioonis Disorder (OD)
Superiority Complex Personality Disorder (SCP)
Filialdumn (FD)
Complementary Postulate on Evolution
The Theory of Superstructure Democracy
The Complex Action Law
Equivalence principle of complex ideas-disorder
Co-opTheorem
Minutron Theorem
Contestants Theorem
Prior-Mag Theorem
Awards HSFR GRANTS
Website https://www.linkedin.com/in/professor-desmond-ayim-aboagye-23962815/;
https://www.RegentUniversity.edu.gh

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Fields
Psychology of Religion
Pain Psychology
Philosophy; History of Science
Behavioral Economics
Transcultural Psychiatry
Social Psychiatry
Institutions
University of Uppsala
Abo Akademi University
University of Ghana
Regent University College of Science and Technology, Ghana
Thesis
The Function of Myth in Akan Healing Experience: A Psychological Inquiry into two Akan
Healing Communities (1993)
DoctoralAdvisors
Professor Owe Wikstrom
Professor Nils Holm

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DesmondAyim-Aboagye (Psychology of Religion Scholar, Educationist and
Philosopher)
1. Introduction
Desmond Ayim-Aboagye (born 6th June, 1959) is a psychology of religion scholar, educationist
and a philosopher whose research focuses on such areas as psychology of religion, transcultural
psychiatry, behavioral economics, social psychiatry and pain psychology. He has through
combination of different perspectives developed theories that enlighten the field of war and its
relationship with mental disorders. He is a Research Professor of Psychology of Religion in
Uppsala University in Sweden where he also obtained his research education there. Currently, he
works as a Professor and Dean of Faculty of Arts and Sciences at Regent University College of
Science and Technology in Ghana. He is also the legitimate Professor at the Department of
Human Development and Psychology at the same institution. He received the competitive
Swedish Humanities and Social Sciences Research Grant (HSFR) in 1994 to1998 in order to
conduct welfare research among immigrant inmates in the Swedish Prison Institutions.
2. Early Life
Ayim-Aboagye grew up in Begoro which is in the Eastern Region of Ghana. His parents, Joseph
Benumhene and Comfort Kyerewaa, respectively worked as a local building contractor and a
trader in Begoro. He was the first born of eight children. He obtained his Primary and Middle
Schools education at the S.D.A Denomination Schools at Begoro between 1964-1974. Later
through late entrance examination he attended Begoro Secondary Sechool (now Begoro Presby
Secondary, PRESEC) through the help of full Bursary and a Secretariat Scholarship awarded to
him by the Government of Ghana (1975-1980). Ayim-Aboagye started out as Theology major as
an undergraduate at Newbold College (Andrews University), Bracknell Berkshire in England
which awarded him both B.A and M.A degrees, but later turned to Psychology of Religion and
Medicine. After some year’s studies in the University of Uppsala, Sweden, he further worked
hard which enabled him to commence his research education as well.
3. Academic career

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Ayim-Aboagye received his B.A and M.A from Andrews University in Michigan, USA and
(MA) PhD in Psychology of Religion from the University of Uppsala, Sweden. Thus during
1990-1993 he was again awarded the Swedish Institute Scholarship which enabled him to
conduct his research that resulted his PhD dissertation in 1993. At the University of Uppsala,
Ayim-Aboagye remained a member of the Smaland Nation until his graduation. He could not
first become a member of the university after his research work, so he joined this famous
institution in the Nordic countries as a researcher/postdoctoral fellow where he conducted his
welfare research on immigrant inmates in the Swedish Prison System. Later as a Senior Lecturer
and Associate Professor and through research collaborations with the Department of Education,
Department of Peace and Conflict Studies, and Department of Surgical Sciences at the Uppsala
University, he became full Professor of Psychology of Religion. Ayim-Aboagye is currently a
Professor and Dean of Faculty of Arts and Sciences at the Regent University College of Sciences
and Technology which is in Ghana. His research interest focuses on transcultural psychiatry,
psychology of religion, pain psychology and behavioral economics. He has developed numerous
scientific theories, theorems, and lemmas in different areas of the social sciences which
contribute to the understanding of war relation with mental disorders and also the behavioral
economics in the developing countries.
4. ResearchInterest.
Early Research Contacts or Collaborations
Earlier before in research career, Ayim-Aboagye has been accepted by the following
universities in order to pursue his postdoctoral fellowship: University of Oxford, St
Anthony’s College (by Prof. Terence Ranger); University of Cambridge (by Rev Dr. Fraser
Watts); Princeton University (by Prof. Don Capps); and the University of Hamburg (by Prof.
Richter Rainer). But success in acquiring funding in Sweden caused him to alter his decision
to live in these famous universities. Instead, he made a few visitations and collaborated also
with other famous researchers around the world.
4.1 Social Psychiatry, War and Mentaldisorders
Through his meticulous observation and innovative research in the fields of psychiatry, war and
mental illness, he has successfully discovered numerous psychiatric illnesses or war disorders
such as Hannibal Odyssey Complex (HOC), Absolute Zenith Complex (AZC), Politicomadness
(PM), Filialdumm (FD), Norman Psychosis (NP), Winmust Syndrome (WS), Superexaggarare
(SE), Dissonance Positionioonis (DP), Superiority Complex Personality Disorder (SCP),

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Suicidium Bombing Disorder (SBD), Superwunsken Disorder (SD), Occupatioonis Disorder,
Stealing-covet Disorders of war (Kleptomania krig), Words War (WW), Economic Blockade
Disorders (EBD), Hassissi Disorders (HD), Kurokyiamansah Disorders, Miljodisorders and
Chicken Brooding Disorders (CBD). His two books which appear to have tackled these
hypotheses of the existence of these illnesses are: War Psychiatry: Contemporary Theories on
War Disorders and other Related Conditions (2010); The Security of Nations: A Psychological
Perspective on Modern Theory of Wars (2010).The latter book offers practical solutions as to
how to manage these improper and abnormal behaviors concerning wars.
As James Clark Maxwell of Great Britain made his great unification of Electricity and
Magnetism in Physics which led to the Electromagnetic theory, leading to enormous scientific
openings and developments, so also has Ayim-Aboagye successfully accomplished his
unification of Social Psychiatry, War and Mental Disorders forming an excellent medical theory.
This is indeed a great scientific achievement in medicine.
4.2 PsychologyofReligion, Psychiatric Treatments and Indigenous
Psychiatry
Traditional doctors/practitioners in the African continent have contributed enormously to the
curing of mental patients. Without the professional works of these health practitioners, streets
would have been filled with uncountable number of mental patients whom the biomedical
practitioners could not have been able to cure. Yet little research is found regarding their greater
contribution to the primary health care sectors in this great continent. Ayim-Aboagye’s scientific
contribution is given in his two outstanding books, one of them his magnum opus, which focuses
on indigenous practitioners. His combination of empirical data from these cultures, show salient
successful treatment in the various centers where collaboration with biomedical doctors and
indigenous practitioners take place frequently. The books primary contribution show that
governments in these regions should consider the need of the African patient in any major
attempts to develop the Primary Health Care sectors. The two books serve as valuable foundation
of knowledge in the health care industries in this modern world. These books are: Indigenous
Psychiatry: Transcultural Study of Traditional Practitioners in West African Healing
Communities with Focus on Ghana 2nd ed. Edition (2008) and also The Function of Myth in
Akan Healing Experience: A Psychological Inquiry into two Akan Healing Communities (1993)
4.3 Pain Psychologyand Medicine
Ayim-Aboagye developed an interest in pain psychology after his considerable number of years’
work in the Swedish hospital system, especially, in the psychiatry units/clinics. Through
collaboration and research conferences with renowned scholars in the field of pain studies, he

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has become a formidable researcher in pain concerning African patients in the West African
region. This important area of research incorporates scholars, clinicians, philosophers, and all
other health professionals in the field in order to combat pain, which patients suffer in all
illnesses both physical and psychological ones. Collaboration is being done with researchers all
around the globe but also mostly with the Scandinavian countries where he is actively a member
of the Scandinavian Association for the Study of Pain (SASP). Interesting publications have
appeared such as: Ayim-Aboagye, D. & Gordh, T. (2012) “HIVS/AIDS in different cultures”
Scandinavian Journal of Pain, Volume 3, Issue 3 July, pp 191-192; Ayim-Aboagye, D. &
Gordh, T. (2013) “Pain treatment in rural Ghana: A qualitative study”, Scandinavian Journal of
Pain, Volume 4, Issue 4, October 2013, p. 256; Ayim-Aboagye, D. & Gordh, T. (2014) “Some
practical treatment methods of pain disabilities in rural Ghana”, Scandinavian Journal of Pain,
Volume 5, Issue 3, July 2014, p. 207; Ayim-Aboagye, D. & Gordh, T. (2015) “Practitioners'
perspectives on pain disabilities in Ghanaian women”, Scandinavian Journal of Pain, Vol. 8, pp.
48-49, July 2015: With Adzika, V., & Gordh, T. (2016). Pain Management Strategies for
Effective Coping with Sickle Cell Disease. The Perspective of Patients in Ghana. Scandinavian
Journal of Pain, Vol 12, July 2016, p117; (2017) Correlation between quality of pain and
depression: A post-operative assessment of pain after caesarian section among women in Ghana
VA Adzika, FN Glozah, D Ayim-Aboagye, CSK Ahorlu, M Ekuban Scandinavian Journal of
Pain 16, 165; (2017) Socio-demographic characteristics and psychosocial consequences of sickle
cell disease: the case of patients in a public hospital in Ghana VA Adzika, FN Glozah, D Ayim-
Aboagye, CSK Ahorlu Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition 36 (1), 4; (2016) Pain
management strategies for effective coping with Sickle Cell Disease: The perspective of patients
in Ghana VA Adzika, D Ayim-Aboagye, T Gordh Scandinavian Journal of Pain 12, 117.
At the famous Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm, where most of the Scandinavian
researchers collaborate with other researchers from the European continent, important
discoveries have been made which show progress in the field of combating neuropathic, acute
and chronic pains.
4.4 PhilosophicalResearchInterestand History of Science
Apart from numerous diseases and illnesses which infect human beings intermittently, war is the
foremost enemy of mankind. The latter has taken lives just as the former had when human beings
were not civilized and had poor knowledge concerning antibiotics, penicillin and anesthesia.
Presently, the devastations caused by war tell the world that human beings have to take a serious
look concerning war which are brought up by ignorant religious groups and mentally disturbed
men who roam about in the developed as well as uncivilized nations around the world.
Emulating other philosophers and scientists in the past and present centuries, such as
Ernst Mach, James Clark Maxwell, Hermann von Helmholtz, Louis Pasteur, James Watson, Max
Planck, Albert Einstein, Ayim-Aboagye made war his object of contemplation and spent hours in
day and night to propound theories concerning this game where participants mourn even in the
vicinity where they have been declared winners. Ayim-Aboagye came to the realization that war
should not be seen as denoting “superiority” and “being civilized” but rather it should be seen as
a “symptom of a disorder.” His philosophical argument is that since it is originated by

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individuals who are ignorant, shallow in thoughts and also possess some forms of mental
disorders, they should be treated instead of being allowed to roam free and cause devastation.
From the fanatic Christian crusaders, Moslem jihadists, fanatic Judaism converts, and fanatic
Nazi Germans, it has been discovered that leaders as well as some noted individuals who have
been hailed as war heroes, all had some psychiatric disorders which compelled them to behave
like that in the first place. Ayim-Aboagye has developed his theories and theorems in his two
treatises called Matter Man and Motion: Scientific Theories on Modern Man and Adaptation
(2010) and The Security of Nations: A Psychological Perspective on Modern Theory on Wars
(2010)
The following theories have been treated well in the former book, namely “The theory of
superiority complex,” The theory of adaptability,” “Of climatic law and human behavior,” “The
theory of the blood language,” and etc. The latter book offers practical solutions to the problem
of war and therefore comes out with “The theory of war courts,” The theory of schola nobilite’”
and “The theory of discriminology.” Apart from this more than 100 propositions and theorems
have been deduced from these theories which portray the seriousness of war being a sign of
mental disorder. Notable among them are the following theorems: Minutron theorem, The
Complex Action Law, Equivalence principle of complex ideas-disorder, and The postulates of
the primary and secondary laws of intelligence.
In his latest book entitled, The New Façade: Ghana in the New Millenium. Political
Discourses on Ghana and Africa (2010), he has developed a new “Theory of the Superstructure
Democracy” by publishing nine articles concerning that. The book has since given the idea that
one can combine the powers of the conventional authorities with that of the mainstream power
structure in order to combat improper manners of overthrowing constitutionally instituted/elected
government.
4.5 Genetics, MolecularBiology, and Evolution
Complementary Postulate on Evolution
While Svante Pääbo, a renowned Swedish biologist at the Max Planck Institute in Germany, who
has specialized in evolutionary genetics is concerned with the Neanderthals genome and the
mating they had made with the new man, that is, those Homo Sapiens who moved beyond
Africa, and David Emil Reich, (born in 1973 or 1974) a Harvard University geneticist is focusing
on research in finding complex genetic patterns that cause susceptibility to common diseases
among populations,1 Ayim-Aboagye has focused on how the new species evolved and spread
beyond the African continent. His latest book entitled, War Psychiatry: Contemporary Theories
1
David Emil Reich is professorin the department of genetics at the Harvard Medical School, and an associate of the
Broad Institute. Svante Pääbo is one of the founders of paleogenetics,he has worked extensively on the
Neanderthal genome. Since 1997, he has been director of the Department of Genetics at the Max Planck Institute
for Evolutionary Anthropology

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on War Disorders and Other Related Conditions (2010), has contributed to the theory of
evolution. It makes special contribution with the introduction of his new and complementary
postulate on evolution:
“If species could evolve in a certain period in history/time, then with the prevalence of the same
conditions and adequate human specimen/prototype in the same environment, it should be
possible to repeat itself in the same milieu”
Ayim-Aboagye argues that the word “complementary” is meant to intimate that the principle
which is restricted to the theory of evolution, carries special contribution that helps the
inhabitants of the world to comprehend well the conditions surrounding the origination of man
and the later migration of the different species and their descendants into the various continents
of the world. The new theory of evolution does not depart from classical evolutionary theory of
Darwin. In the sense that the new theory of evolution aids us to recognize new emerging species
in the continent of Africa, reminding us of the continuity aspect enshrined in the theory. It
enables researchers, in combination with other conditions, to provide the world with adequate
explanation and comprehension concerning the phenomenon of nature. The new postulate of
evolution modifies and enriches the classical theory of evolution.
4.6. BehavioralEconomics
Ayim-Aboagye, has also contributed to economic science by his development of the Theory of
Double Count Policy (DCP Theory). Through the deductive method he deduced two theorems
that were accepted by a journal in the United Kingdom called Journal of Emerging Trends in
Economics and Management Sciences (JETEMS). His theorems, which he used three years to
develop them mathematically, appear to fulfill the First Law of Welfare Economics. They permit
efficiency to prevail in the market; and, moreover, they seem to work hand in hand with Coarse
Theorem, Arrow's Theorem and Fama's Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH). The journal article
which is entitled, Leadership, Political Behavior and Commerce, appeared in December 2015
Edition (Volume 6, Number 6). Another article by name Shipman Theory in Behavioral
Economics. A Review of Theory and Empirical Work where he discovered the Prior-Mag
Theorem was also accepted by the same journal Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and
Management Sciences (JETEMS) and can also be seen in February 2016 (Volume 7, Number 1).
Also in the April 2016 Edition (Volume 7, Number 2) Behavioural Economics and the Risk and
Uncertainty in Political Elections was also published this same Journal of Emerging Trends in
Economics and Management Sciences (JETEMS).
Some researchers would admit that what distinguishes Ayim-Aboagye from the late famous
economist Kenneth Arrow is that the latter conducted his famous studies on Welfare Economics
in the USA hospital systems, while the former conducted his famous Welfare research in the
Swedish Prison Systems. Both scholars, however, have contributed immensely to the study of
Welfare Economics and Behavioral Economics.

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5. Children
Ayim-Aboagye is the father of Mr Yaw Ayim-Aboagye, a political economist who graduated
from Georgetown University in 2010, and now works with a prestigious Law firm in New York
that has produced famous Presidents for the United States of America. Kwabena Ayim-Aboagye,
who is pursuing his degree in computer science at Columbia University in New York. Kwabena
is currently Vice President of Community Relations for the Interfraternity Council, Columbia
University. Kofi Ayim-Aboagye studied at Fordham University in New York and now lives,
studies and works in Japan. Alexandra and Benjamin Andersson live in Uppsala, Sweden.
6. PoliticalCareer
Ayim-Aboagye has worked in Sweden as a regional politician, having been in Uppsala Regional
Parliament for one full term. Also in another full term he has been a replacer/erssatare to those
who could not attend meetings due to unforeseen circumstances or persons that have been
assigned to important posts that do not allow them to function in both. All told, for seventeen
years he was a member of Regional Parliament or a member of one of the essential boards that
steer the affairs of the Uppsala Region: Committee on Integration, Board of Election, Board of
the Jury, and Committee on Culture. He was also a member of different Christian Organizations,
such as Christian Peace Movement, Swedish Christian Social Democrats, Gottsunda-Sunnersta
Union Members, etc.
7. Notable Publications
Ayim-Aboagye, D. (1996). Leisure and Religion in the Rural Sweden: A Sociological
Perspective. Religionsociologiska Skrifter nr. 10. Uppsala: Uppsala Univ. Department of
Theology. 50pp.
Ayim-Aboagye, D. (1996). Ageing and Religiosity: A Sociological Investigationinto the Effect
of Ageing on the Involvement Among Different Age Groups in the Church of Sweden.
Religionssociologiska skrifter nr. 11. Uppsala: Uppsala University. Department of Theology.
66pp.
Ayim-Aboagye, D. (2006).The Matter Man and the Theory of Adaptability. Modern Scientific
Theory on Discrimination. Exerter: Lightening Source, Inc. 160 pp.

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Ayim-Aboagye, D. (2008). Matter Man and Motion: Scientific Theories on Modern Man and
Adaptation. London, Hammersmith: Lulu Com UK Enterprise. 218 pp. 971-1-84799-622-0
Ayim-Aboagye, D. (2010). The Security of Nations: A Psychological Perspective on Modern
Theory of War. Lulu UK Enterprise, Hammersmith, London 133pp ISBN 978-1-4457-3340-1
Ayim-Aboagye, D. (2010). The New Facade: Ghana in the New Millennium. Political
Discourses on Ghana and Africa. Lulu UK Enterprise, Hammersmith, London 174pp ISBN
978-1-4457-3338-1
Ayim-Aboagye, D. (2010). War Psychiatry. Contemporary Theories on War Disorders and
Other Related Conditions. Lulu UK Enterprise, Hammersmith, London 214pp ISBN 978-1-
4457-3337-1
Ayim-Aboagye, D. (2010). Elements of Psychological Therapy in West Africa. With Notes on
Social and Psychiatric Research Methods. Lulu Press: North Carolina ISBN-13 9781409201168;
ISBN 1409201163
Ayim-Aboagye, D. (2011). Hollywood Wars and Africans. North Carolina, Carolina: Lulu Com Inc.
307pp /MaGraw Hill Book Open Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4475-1905-9
Ayim-Aboagye, D. (1995). "Crime, Community and the Prison Chaplain." Utmaningar for
Teologin. En Skriftserie Fran Tro & Liv. Red. Lennart Molin. Lidingo: Grafiska Huset. 5pp.
Ayim-Aboagye, D. (1996). "Art, Music and Religious Experience in Libation Pouring of Akan
Religion." Dance, Music, Art and Religion. Red. Tore Ahlback. The Donner Institute for
Research in Religious and Cultural History, Turku: Abo Akademi Press. 17pp.
Ayim-Aboagye, D. (1993). The Function of Myth in Akan Healing Healing Experience: A
psychological Inquiry Into Two Akan Healing Communities. Acta Universitatis Uppsaliensis,
nr 9 Almqvist & Wiksell International: Stockholm. 200pp.
Ayim-Aboagye, D. (1997). Using Christian Religious Resources in the Welfare of Prisoners: The
Case of Swedish Prisons. Religionsvetenskapliga skrifter nr. 37. Abo: Abo Akademi
University. 147pp.
Ayim-Aboagye, D. (1997). The Psychology of Akan Religious Healing. Religionsvetenskaliga
skrifter nr. 36. Abo: Abo Akademi University. 166pp.
Ayim-Aboagye, D. (2000). Prison, Punishment and the Church: A Socio-Psychological
Investigation of the Work of the Chaplains Among the Immigrants Inmates in Swedish Prisons.
Religionspsychologiska skrifter nr.8. Uppsala: Uppsala University. 207pp.
Ayim-Aboagye, D. (2006). Indigenous Psychiatry: Transcultural Study of Traditional

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Practitioners in West Africa Healing Communities with Focus on Ghana. Religionsvetenskaliga
skrifter nr. 66. Åbo: Åbo Akademi University. 475 pp.
Ayim-Aboagye (1997) "Sunden's Role Theory: An Impetus into Contemporary Psychology of
Religion" Religionshistorisk skrifter, 1997, pp.7.
Ayim-Aboagye, D. (2011). “Doctrine of irrevocable grace and young sexual adults” Journal
Tetractmentum Imperium, An International Theological Journal. Vol. 3 March 2011
Ayim-Aboagye, D. & Gordh, T. (2012) “HIVS/AIDS in different cultures” Scandinavian
Journal of Pain, Volume 3, Issue 3 July, pp 191-192.
Ayim-Aboagye, D. & Gordh, T. (2013) “Pain treatment in rural Ghana: A qualitative study”,
Scandinavian Journal of Pain, Volume 4, Issue 4, October 2013, p. 256.
Ayim-Aboagye, D. & Gordh, T. (2014) “Some practical treatment methods of pain disabilities in
rural Ghana”, Scandinavian Journal of Pain, Volume 5, Issue 3, July 2014, p. 207
Ayim-Aboagye, D. & Gordh, T. (2015) “Practitioners' perspectives on pain disabilities in
Ghanaian women”, Scandinavian Journal of Pain, Vol. 8, pp. 48-49, July 2015
Ayim-Aboagye, D. (2015). “Akan Language and its Relationship to Ancient Biblical Writings:
Sociology of Names and Places in the Ancient Near East.” A Festrshrift in Honour of Emeritus
Professor J. H. Kwabena Nketia. Institute of African Studies. Two-Day International Conference,
23-24 September, 2011. University of Ghana.
Ayim-Aboagye, D. (2016). "Leadership, political behaviour, and commerce" Journal of
Emerging Trends in Economics and Management Sciences (JETEMS), 6 (6) 407-403 (ISSN:
2141-7016)
Ayim-Aboagye, D. (2016). "Shipman Theory in Behavioural Economics: A Review of
Theory and Empirical Work" Journal of Emerging Trends in Economics and
Management Sciences (JETEMS), 7 (1): 50-56 (ISSN: 2141-7024)
With Lenos, K. A., & Glozah, F." Malaria Control Mechanisms for Effective Healthcare
Delivery in Ghana: The Use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS)"
Open Journal of Preventive Medicine Vol.6 No.2, Pub. Date: February 29, 2016
With Lenos, K. A., & Zogbator, B. E. (2016). "Using Geographical Information Systems (GIS)
to examine Sanitary Implications of Rubbish Dump Locations at Human Activity" Global
Journal of Medicine and Public Health, Vol. 5, issue 3, 1-12.
With Adzika, V., & Gordh, T. (2016). Pain Management Strategies for Effective Coping with
Sickle Cell Disease. The Perspective of Patients in Ghana. Scandinavian Journal of Pain, Vol
12, July 2016, p117

12. Page 12 of 12
(2017) Correlation between quality of pain and depression: A post-operative assessment of pain
after caesarian section among women in Ghana VA Adzika, FN Glozah, D Ayim-Aboagye, CSK
Ahorlu, M Ekuban Scandinavian Journal of Pain 16, 165
(2017) Socio-demographic characteristics and psychosocial consequences of sickle cell disease:
the case of patients in a public hospital in Ghana VA Adzika, FN Glozah, D Ayim-Aboagye,
CSK Ahorlu Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition 36 (1), 4
(2016) Pain management strategies for effective coping with Sickle Cell Disease: The
perspective of patients in Ghana VA Adzika, D Ayim-Aboagye, T Gordh Scandinavian Journal
of Pain 12, 117
References
Other Sources