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A Publication of
Saudi GuidelinesSaudi Guidelines
Lung CancerLung Cancer
on the Diagnosis and Management ofon the Diagnosis and Management of
20162016
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© Saudi Thoracic Society, 2014
King Fahd National Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Saudi Thoracic Society
Saudi Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Lung Cancer - 2016
Saudi Thoracic Society. - Riyadh, 2014
40p; 20cm
ISBN: 978-603-01-4710-6
1- Thoracoscic 	 I-Title.
617.75 dc	 1435/3151
L.D. no. 1435/3151
ISBN: 978-603-01-4710-6
© Saudi Thoracic Society 2016, All Rights Reserved
List of Contributors:
Prof . Abdulrahman Jazieh, MD, MPH
Chairman of Saudi Lung Cancer Association, Lung Cancer Guidelines Committee
Prof. Khalid Kattan, Al Faisal University, Riyadh
Dr. Nagwa Ibrahim, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh
Dr. Abdullah Al Twairqi, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh
Dr. Turki Al Fayae, Princess Noorah Oncology Center, Jeddah
Dr. Khalid Al Saleh, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh
Dr. Hamad Husseini, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh
Dr. Ahmed Bamousa, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh
Dr. Ameen Al Omair, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh
Dr. Adnan Hebshi, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah
Dr. Saif Al Thaqafi, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh
Dr. Sarah Al Ghanem, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh
Dr. Shurki Loutfi, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh
Dr. Azzam Khankan, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh
RN. Mohammad Omar Al Kaiyat,(CCRP) King Abdulaziz Medical City( Project coordinator )
Saudi Lung Cancer Management Guidelines 2016
Saudi Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Lung Cancer - 2016Saudi Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Lung Cancer - 2016
For interactive lung cancer guideline and point of care resources click below :
•	 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
•	 Small Cell Lung Cancer
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Evidence Levels …………………………………………………………………................... 4
All Lung Cancer Patients ………………………………………………………................... 4
Initial Assessment Plan …………………………………………….................... 4
Diagnosis …………………………………………………………......................... 4
Staging …………………………………………………………............................. 5
General ………………………………………………………………….................. 5
Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer ……………………………………………………................. 6
Clinical Stage IA ……………………………………………............……............. 6
Clinical Stage IB …………………………………………………............. ........... 6
Clinical Stage IIA ………………………………………………………................. 7
Clinical Stage IIB …………………………………………………........................ 7
Clinical Stage IIIA …………………………………………………....................... 8
Clinical Stage Stage IIIB and Unresectable IIIA ………………….................. 9
Stage IV …………………………………………………....................................... 9
Follow-up of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer ………………………………….... 16
Small Cell Lung Cancer ………………………………………………................................ 18
Stage I-III …………………………………………………..................................... 18
Stage IV …………………………………………….............................................. 18
Follow-up and Surveillance .……………………………………….................... 18
Appendix
Metastatic NSCLC Management Guidelines …………………………............. 19
Table of Contents:
Saudi Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Lung Cancer - 2016Saudi Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Lung Cancer - 2016
ABBREVIATIONS: EVIDENCE LEVELS:
The following evidence levels (EL) were adopted for these guidelines:
	 •	 (EL-1) High Level:  well conducted phase III randomized studies or well 	
		 done meta- analyses.
	 •	 (EL-2) Intermediate Level:  good phase II data or phase III trials with         	
		limitations.
	 •	 (EL-3) Low Level: observational or retrospectives studies expert opinions.
		 General Oncology Recourses
I. ALL LUNG CANCER PATIENTS
General Lung Cancer Recourses
1.1 INITIAL PATIENT ASSESSMENT.
	
	 1.1.1 	 Perform history and physical examination, and document smoking
		 history and performance status.
	 1.1.2 	 Perform the following laboratory tests: Complete blood count (CBC), 	
		 differential, liver function test (LFT), renal function, electrolytes, calcium, 	
		 serum albumin, magnesium and phosphorus.
	 1.1.3	 Two-view chest x-ray.
CBC Complete blood count
LFT liver function test
NOS Not otherwise specified
PCR Polymerase chain reaction
CK7 Cytokeratin 7
EGFR Epidermal growth factor receptor
IHC Immunohistochemistry
EML4-ALK
Echinoderm microtubule-associated
protein-like 4  & Anaplastic lymphoma kinase
TTF-1 Thyroid transcription factor 1
MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging
SBRT Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy
TKIs Tyrosine kinase inhibitors
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Saudi Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Lung Cancer - 2016Saudi Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Lung Cancer - 2016
1.2 DIAGNOSIS
	 1.2.1	 Obtain adequate tissue specimen for diagnostic and predictive markers.
	 1.2.2	 Confirm histopathological diagnosis of lung cancer and determine the his	
		 tological subtypes of non-small cell lung cancer i.e. adenocarcinoma vs 	
		 squamous cell vs large cell carcinoma using most recent pathological 	
	 	 classification of lung cancer. Utilization of proper immunohistochem		
		 is try staining (minimal panel to include TTF1 (most important),CK7, and 	
		 CK20 	for adenocarcinoma and P40 (preferred) or P63 to minimize the 	
	 	 diagnosis of “not otherwise specified” (NOS).
	 1.2.3	 Obtain epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation testing by 	
	 	 PCR in certified laboratory for all histology except pure squamous cell.
	 1.2.4	 In EGFR Wild Type (WT) tumors, obtain EML4-ALK fusion test by FISH 	
	 	 in certified laboratory. IHC can be done to screen for positive tumors to 	
		 be tested by FISH.
	 1.2.5	 For patients with wild type EGFR & ALK, consider obtaining the ROS1 	
		test.
	 1.2.6	 If immune therapy is considered, PDL1 testing by IHC can be done.
1.3 STAGING
	 1.3.1. Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
	 1.3.1.1 Obtain contrast enhanced CT scan of the chest and upper abdomen.
	 1.3.1.2 Obtain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of brain for stages IB-IV 	
		 (preferred over contrast enhanced CT scan).
	 1.3.1.3 Obtain total body positron emission tomography/computed
		 tomography(PET/CT) scan when available if the patient is considered 	
		 for radical therapy (such as surgery or chemoradiotherapy).
1.3.1.4	 Obtain bone scan for stages IB-IV if PET/CT is not done.
	 1.3.1.5 Perform mediastinoscopy in selected cases; i.e. clinical stages
		 (IB-III).Mediastinoscopy can be omitted if PET/CT scan is negative.
	 1.3.1.6 Determine precise TNM staging using 7th edition (2009).
1.3.2. Small Cell Lung Cancer
					
	 1.3.2.1 Obtain contrast enhanced CT scan of chest and upper abdomen.
	 1.3.2.2 Obtain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of brain for stages IB-IV
		 (preferred over contrast enhanced CT scan which can be if MRI is not 	
		 available).
	 1.3.2.3 Obtain PET/CT scan if the disease in stages I-III.
	
	 1.3. 2.4 Obtain bone scan if PET/CT is not done.
	 1.3.2.5 Determine precise TNM staging using 7th edition (2009).
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1.4 PRE-TREATMENT ASSESSMENT
	 1.4.1 	 Discuss all new cases in a multidisciplinary conference (Tumor Board).
1.4.2 	 Obtain cardiopulmonary assessment (Pulmonary Function test, 6
	 	 minute walk, ECG and echo) if surgery considered and PFTfor curative                 	
		 radiotherapy is considered.
1.5 GENERAL
	 1.5.1 	 Offer available clinical research studies.
	 1.5.2 	 Counsel about smoking cessation and pulmonary rehabilitation.
II. NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER
2.1 CLINICAL STAGE IA
	 2.1.1. Anatomical surgical resection and mediastinal lymph node sampling.
	 2.1.2.	 No need for adjuvant chemotherapy (EL- 1).
	 2.1.3.	 If optimal surgery cannot be performed, consider limited surgery(wedge
		 resection or segmentectomy) or SBRT.
	 2.1.4.	 For positive surgical margins perform re-resection (EL- 1). If not possible 	
		 offer curative radiotherapy (EL- 2).
	 2.1.5.	 If surgical resection is not possible, offer curative radiotherapy.
	 2.1.6.	 Follow up and surveillance per section 2.8 (follow up of non-small cell 	
		lung cancer).
2.2 CLINICAL STAGE IB
	 2.2.1	 Anatomical surgical resection mediastinal lymph node sampling... (EL- 1) 	
		 or dissection (EL- 3).
	 2.2.2	 For lesions ≥ 4 cm or high-risk features (poorly differentiated, wedge re	
		 section, minimal margins, vascular Invasion), consider adjuvant chemo	
		 therapy. (EL- 2).
	 2.2.3	 Chemotherapy of choice: 4-6 cycles of cisplatin (carboplatin only if cispla	
	 	 tinis contraindicated) with docetaxel, gemcitabine or venorelbine (EL- 1) 	
	 	 or carboplatin and paclitaxel.
	 2.2.4	 If optimal surgery cannot be performed, consider limited surgery (wedge 	
		 resection or segmentectomy) (EL- 1).
	 2.2.5	 For positive surgical margins perform re-resection (EL- 1) and if not
		 possible, offer curative radiotherapy (EL- 2).
	 2.2.6	 If surgical resection is not possible, offer curative radiotherapy.
	 2.2.7	 Follow up and surveillance per section 2.8 (follow up of non-small cell
		lung cancer).
2.3 CLINICAL STAGE IIA
	 2.3.1	 Anatomical surgical resection with lobectomy or pneumonectomy and me	
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diastinal lymph node sampling (EL- 1) or dissection (EL- 3).
	 2.3.2	 Offer adjuvant chemotherapy as per 2.2.3 (EL - 1).
	 2.3.3	 If optimal surgery cannot be performed, consider limited surgery (wedge 	
		 resection or segmentectomy) or SBRT.
	 2.3.4	 For positive surgical margins perform re-resection (EL- 1) and if not
		 possible, offer curative radiotherapy (EL- 2).
	 2.3.5	 If surgical resection is not possible, offer curative radiotherapy.
	 2.3.6	 Follow up and surveillance per section 2.8 (follow up of non-small cell
		lung cancer).
2.4 CLINICAL STAGE IIB
	 2.4.1	 Anatomical surgical resection and mediastinal lymph node sampling.
		 (EL- 1) or dissection (EL- 3).
	 2.4.2	 Offer adjuvant chemotherapy. similar to 2.2.3 (EL- 1).
	 2.4.3	 Superior sulcus tumors patients should be induced by cisplatin/etoposide 	
		 with concurrent radiation therapy followed by surgical resection (EL- 2) 	
	 	 and 2 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy. Assess disease extent by using 	
		 MRI at baseline and pre-operative.
	 2.4.4	 For T3 N0 M0 perform en-bloc resection (EL- 1).
	 2.4.5	 If optimal surgery cannot be performed, consider limited surgery 		
		 (wedge resection or segmentectomy) (EL- 1).
	 2.4.6	 For positive surgical margins perform re-resection (EL- 1) and if not
		 possible, offer curative radiotherapy (EL- 2).
	 2.4.7	 If surgical resection is not possible, offer curative radiotherapy.
	 2.4.8	 Follow up and surveillance per section 2.8 (follow up of non-small cell l
		ung cancer).
2.5	 CLINICAL STAGE IIIA
	 2.5.1 	 For T3 N1 M0 perform en-bloc resection (EL- 1).
	 2.5.2	 For superior sulcus tumor, offer treatment similar to 2.4.3 (EL- 2).
	 2.5.3 For N2 disease offer neoadjuvant concurrent chemo- radiotherapy
		 (EL- 1) assess response. If resectable, offer surgery. For non-resectable 	
		 tumors, continue with the appropriate treatment based on disease status.
	 2.5.4	 If positive N2 disease discovered during surgery by frozen section abort 	
		 surgery if pneumonectomy is required (EL- 2).
	 2.5.5	 Incidental pathological N2 disease, adjuvant chemotherapy. is indicated 	
		 (EL- 1) radiotherapy can be considered (EL- 3).
	
	 2.5.6	 For T4 (2 nodules in ipsilateral separate lobes), offer pneumonectomy
		 followed by adjuvant chemotherapy.
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2.5.7	 T4 (mediastinal involvement or main airway involvement), offer surgery 	
	 	 if potentially curative, if not possible, offer definitive concurrent chemo- ra	
		diotherapy(2.5.1.)
	 2.5.8	 For non N2 stage IIIA, not specified above, offer surgical resection with 	
		 Adjuvant chemotherapy (EL- 1). Adjuvant chemotherapy. for positive
		margins.
	 2.5.9	 Follow up and surveillance per section 2.8 (follow up of non-small cell
		lung cancer).
2.6 CLINICAL STAGE IIIB AND UNRESECTABLE IIIA
	 2.6.1	 Offer concurrent chemo- radiotherapy(EL1) followed by chemotherapy 	
		 (EL2). surgical resection for selected cases could be offered.
	 2.6.2 Follow up and surveillance per section 2.8 (follow up of non-small cell
		lung cancer).
2.7 STAGE IV
		
	 * Obtain Palliative care. consultation / evaluation.
	 2.7.1	 Systemic Therapy (See Table)
	 2.7.1.1 Stage M1a(with pleural effusion) assess the need for thoracentesis and 	
		 pleurodesis. Offer systemic therapy as below.
	 2.7.1.2. With brain metastases
	 •	 Consider surgery for patient with single brain metastasis.
	 •	 Refer to radiation oncology for local treatment of the CNS
		disease.
	 •	 After CNS disease control, start systemic therapy as in 2.7.1.4.
	 2.7.1.3.  Isolated adrenal metastasis. Consider surgical resection (confirm histo	
		 logically before surgery). Discuss with multidisciplinary team.
	 2.7.1.4. No brain metastases/Treated brain disease, no prior systemic treat	
	 	 ment for metastatic disease. (See Table 1)
	 2.7.1.4.1.  Adenocarcinoma/non-squamous EGFR mutation (excluding exon 20 	
		 mutations or primary resistanet mutations)
	 A.	 First line:
	 1.	 Performance Status 0-2:
	 	 - Use TKIs (Erlotinib, Gefitinb, or Afatinib) (EL1).
		 - Systemic chemotherapy (platinum doublet+/-bevacizumab)
	 	   (Pemetrexed is preferred over gemcitabine).
	 2.	 Performance Status 3:
	 	 - Use TKIs (Erlotinib, Gefitinb, or Afatinib).
	 	 - Single agent chemotherapy (Pemetrexed is preferred over gemcitabine)
	 2.	 Performance Status 4:
	 	 - Use TKIs (Erlotinib, Gefitinb, or Afatinib).
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B.	Maintenance:
	 1.	 Performance Status 0-2:
		 - Continuation or switch maintenance with TKIs (EL1). If was not started 	
	 	 on TKIs, patient should be switched to TKIs as soon as possible
	 	 - Continue Bevacizumab, if started in first line.
	 2.	 Performance Status 3 and 4:
		 - Continuation or switch maintenance with TKIs. If was not started on 	
		 TKIs, patient should be switched to TKI as soon as possible .
	 C.	 Second line
	 *   Consider re-biopsy to assess the cause of resistance if TKI is used in first line  
	 1.	 Performance Status 0-2:
	 	 - Use TKIs, if not used in first line.
		 - Systemic Chemotherapy (platinum doublet+/-bevacizumab)
	 	   (Pemetrexed is preferred over gemcitabine).
		 - Consider using Ramucirumab
	 2.	 Performance Status 3:
	 	 - Use TKIs, if not used in first line.
	 	 - If TKI used, consider single agent chemotherapy (Pemetrexed
		 preferred over gemcitabine)
	 3.	 Performance Status 4:
	 	 - Use TKIs, if not used in first line. 	
		 - If TKIs were used, refer to Palliative care..
	 D.	 Third Line and Beyond
	 1.	 Performance Status 0-2:
		 - Use TKIs, if not used before.
		 - Consider immunotherapy (Nivolumab or Pembrolizurab)
		 - Systemic chemotherapy (single agent chemotherapy,
	 	    Pemetrexed if not used, docetaxel, etc) .
	 2.	 Performance Status 3 and 4:
	 	 - Use TKIs, if not used in first line.
		 - If TKIs were used, refer to palliative care.
	 2.7.1.4.2.	 ALK positive Adenocarcinoma/non-squamous
	 A.	 First line:
	 1.	 Performance Status 0-2:
		 - Use Crizotinib. (EL1).
		 - Systemic Chemotherapy (platinum doublet+/-bevacizumab)
	 	   (Pemetrexed is preferred over gemcitabine).
	 2.	 Performance Status 3:
		 - Use Crizotinib.
	 	 - Single agent chemotherapy (Pemetrexed preferred over gemcitabine).
	 2.	 Performance Status 4:
		 - Use Crizotinib.
		 - Palliative care.
		
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B.	Maintenance:
	 1.	 Performance Status 0-2:
		 - Continuation or switch maintenance with Crizotinib. If was not started 	
		 on Crizotinib, patient should be switched to Crizotinb as soon as
		 possible.
	 	 - Continue Bevacizumab, if started in first line.
	 2.	 Performance Status 3 and 4:
		 - Continuation or switch maintenance with Crizotinib. If was not started 	
		 on 	 Crizotinib, patient should be switched to Crizotinib as soon as
		 possible.
	 C.	 Second line
	 * Consider  re-biopsy  to assess the  cause of resistance  if TKI is used n first line  
	 1.	 Performance Status 0-2:
		 - Use Ceritinib, if Crizotinib used before.
	 	 - Use Crizotinib, if not used in first line.
		 - Systemic Chemotherapy (platinum doublet+/- bevacizumab)
	 	   (Pemetrexedis preferred over gemcitabine).  
		 - Consider using Ramucirumab
		 - Consider using Nivolumab or pembrolizumab
	 2.	 Performance Status 3 and 4:
		 - Use Ceritinib, If Crizotinib used before
		 - Use Crizotinib, if not used before.
	
	 D. 	 Third Line and Beyond
	 1.	 Performance Status 0-2:
		 - Use Crizotinib or Ceritinib, if not used before.
	 	 - Systemic Chemotherapy (single agent chemotherapy, Pemetrexed, if 	
	 	   not used, docetxel, etc)
		 - Consider immunotherapy (Nivolumab and Pembrolizumab)
	 2.	 Performance Status 3 and 4:
	 	 - Use Crizotinib, if not used in first line.
		 - If both agent is used, Palliative care..
	 2.7.1.4.3. EGFR/ALK wild type Adenocarcinoma/non-squamous (Including 	
		 EGFR Exon 20 mutation or primary resistance mutation)
	 A.	 First line:
	 1.	 Performance Status 0-2:
		 - Systemic Chemotherapy (platinum doublet+/-bevacizumab)
	 	   (Pemetrexed is preferred over gemcitabine).
	 2.	 Performance Status 3:
	 	 - Single agent chemotherapy (Pemetrexed is preferred over gemcitabine).
		 - Palliative care.
	 3.	 Performance Status 4:
		 - Palliative care.
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B.	Maintenance:
	 1.	 Performance Status 0-2:
	 	 - Continue or switch maintenance with Pemetrexed
	 	 - Continue Bevacizumab, if started in first line.
	 2.	 Performance Status 3:
	 	 - Continue or switch maintenance with Pemetrexed.
	 3.	 Performance Status 4:
		 - Palliative care.
	 C.	 Second line
	 .1.	 Performance Status 0-2:
	 	 -  Single Agent Systemic Chemotherapy (Pemetrexed ifnot used, 	 	
	 	    docetaxel).
		 - Consider using Nivolumab or pembrolizumab
		 - Consider using Ramucirumab
	 .2.	 Performance Status 3:
	 	 - Single Agent Systemic Chemotherapy (Pemetrexed if not used, 	 	
	 	   docetaxel).  
		 - Erlotinib (only TKI) can be used. EL3.
	 .3.	 Performance Status 4:
		 - Palliative care.
	
D.	 Third Line and Beyond
	 .1.	 Performance Status 0-2:
		 - Single agent systemic therapy.
		 - Erlotinib (only TKI) can be used. EL3.
	 2.	 Performance Status 3 and 4:
		 - Palliative care.
	 2.7.1.4.4. Adenocarcinoma/non-squamous with (EGFR and ALK unknown
		 status)
	 A.	 First line:
	 1.	 Performance Status 0-2:
		 - Systemic Chemotherapy (platinum doublet+/-bevacizumab)
	 	   (Pemetrexed is preferred over gemcitabine).
	 2.	 Performance Status 3:
	 	 - Single agent chemotherapy (Pemetrexed is preferred over gemcitabine).
		 - Use TKIs (Erlotinib).
	 3.	 Performance Status 4:
		 - Palliative care.
	 B.	Maintenance:
	 1.	 Performance Status 0-2:
	 	 - Continue or switch maintenance with Pemetrexed.
	 	 - Continue Bevacizumab, if started in first line.
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2.	 Performance Status 3:
	 	 - Continue or switch maintenance with Pemetrexed.
	 3.	 Performance Status 4:
		 - Palliative care.
	 C.	 Second line
	 1.	 Performance Status 0-2:
	 	 - SingleAgent Systemic Chemotherapy (Pemtrexed, if not used, docetaxel).
		 - Immune therapy (Nivolumab or pembrolizumab)
		 - Erlotinib can be used. EL2.
		 - Consider using Ramucirumab
	 2.	 Performance Status 3 and 4:
		 - Palliative care.
	 D.	 Third Line and Beyond
	 1.	 Performance Status 0-2:
	 	 -  Systemic Chemotherapy (single agent chemotherapy, Pemetrexed if
	 	    not used, docetaxel).
	 2.	 Performance Status 3 and 4:
		 - Palliative care.
	 2.7.1.4.5 Squamous cell carcinoma:
	 A.	 First line:
	 1.	 Performance Status 0-2:
		 - Systemic Chemotherapy (platinum doublet) (No Bevacizumab or
	 	   Pemetrexed).
	 2.	 Performance Status 3:
	 	 - Single agent chemotherapy (No Pemetrexed).
	 3.	 Performance Status 4:
		 - Palliative care.
	 B.	Maintenance:
	 1.	 Performance Status 0-2:
	 	 - Continuation or switch maintenance with docetaxel.
	 2.	 Performance Status 3 and 4:
		 - Palliative care.
	 C.	 Second line
	 1.	 Performance Status 0-2:
	 	 - Single agent systemic Chemotherapy (No Pemetrexed).
		 - Immune therapy (Nivolumab or pembrolizumab)
		 - Consider using Ramucirumab
	 2.	 Performance Status 3:
		 - Single agent systemic therapy
	 3.	 Performance Status 4:
		 - Palliative care.
	 D.	 Third Line and Beyond
	 1.	 Performance Status 0-2:
		 - Single agent systemic therapy
		 - Consider using Nivolumab or pembrolizumab if it’s not used before
	 2.	 Performance Status 3 and 4:
		 - Palliative care.
	
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2.8	 FOLLOW UP OF NON SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER
	 Evaluation includes: History and physical examination, laboratory and chest
	 x-ray.
	 2.8.1	 For tumor stage I-III: evaluation every 3 months for 2 years then every 	
		 6 months for 3 years then annually. CT scan of the chest every 6 months 	
		 for 2 years then annually for additional 3 years.
		 Consider annual screening CT scan after 5 years.
	 2.8.2	 Stage IV: evaluation every 2-3 months as clinically indicated.
III. SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER
	 3.1 Stage I-III ( Previously called limited stage):
	 3.1.1	 Offer cisplatin/ etoposide with radiation therapy then consolidate with two 	
		 cycles of cisplatin/ etoposide (EL-1). May substitute cisplatin with carbo	
		 platin in patients with neuropathy, renal dysfunction or hearing problem .
	 3.1.2	 After definitive therapy with any response offer prophylactic cranial                	
		 irradiation (PCI) (EL-1).
	 3.1.3	 For stage (T1-2 N0 confirmed by Mediastinoscopy ), offer surgical
		 resection followed by chemotherapy and prophylactic brain radiotherapy 	
		(EL- 2).
	 3.1.4	 Follow up and surveillance per section 3.3.
	 3.2	 STAGE IV (Previously Extensive Stage)
	 3.2.1	 Offer cisplatin/ etoposide  or cisplatin /irinotecan x 6 cycles (EL-1). Use of 	
		 carboplatin cisplatin is not indicated.
	 3.2.2	 After definitive chemotherapy with evidence of response and good perfor	
		 mance status offer (EL-1). Thoracic irradiation and prophylactic cranial 	
		irradiation (PCI).
	 3.2.3	 For previously treated patients who relapsed in less than 6 months from 	
		 initial treatment, offer topotecan (EL-1) or cyclophosphamide, adriamycin 	
		 and vincristin (CAV), or camptozar.
	 3.2.4	 For relapse after six months from initial treatment, may use original
		regimen.
	 3.2.5	 Follow up and surveillance per section 3.3
	 3.3	 FOLLOW UP AND SURVEILLANCE
	 1.3.1	 Evaluation includes: history and physical examination, laboratory data 	
	 	 and chest x-ray.
	 1.3.2	 Stage I-III: evaluation every 3 months for 2 years then every 6 months for 	
		 3 years then annually. CT scan of the chest every 6 months for 2 years 	
		 then annually for additional 3 years. Consider annual screening CT scan 	
		 after 5 years.
	
	 1.3.3	 Stage IV: evaluation every 2-3 months as clinical indicated .
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Adjuvant
Chemotherapy Regimen Reference
Carboplatin AUC 6 + paclitaxel 225 mg/m2 on day
1
21 DAYS cycle for 6 cycles
Schiller 2002
Strauss 2008
Cisplatin 75mg/m2 + docetaxel 75 mg/m2 on day
1
21 day cycle for 6 cycles
Sciller 2002
Cisplatin 100 mg/m2 + gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2
on day 1 & 8, 15
28 day cycle for 6 cycles
Usual practice is to omit day 15 and use every 21
days.
Schiller 2002
Carboplatin AUC 5 + gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 on
day 1 & 8 21 days cycle for 6 cycles
Zatloukal P
2003
Cisplatin 75mg/m2+ vinorelbine 25 mg/m2 on
day 1 & 8 21 days cycle for 6 cycles
Winton 2005
Concurrent
with
Chemoradation
Carboplatin AUC 2 + Paclitaxel 45 mg/m2
Weekly with radiation
Socinski
2001
Cisplatin 50 mg/m2 (days 1, 8, 29, 36) + etoposide
50mg/m2 (day 1 to 5 and 29 to 33)
Week 1 and 5
Albain 2002
Metastatic
Carboplatin AUC 6 + paclitaxel 225 mg/m2 on
day 1 21 days cycle for 6 cycles
Schiller 2002
Strauss 2008
Cisplatin 75mg/m2 + docetaxel 75 mg/m2 on day
121 days cycle for 6 cycles
Schiller 2002
Cisplatin 100 mg/m2 + gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2
on day 1 & 8, 15
28 day cycle for 6 cyclesUsual practice is to omit
day 15 and use every 21 days
Schiller 2002
Metastatic
Chemotherapy Regimen Reference
Carboplatin AUC 5 + gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 on
day 1 & 8
21 day cycle for 6 cycles
Zatloukal P
2003
Cisplatin 75mg/m2+ vinorelbine 25 mg/m2 on day
1 & 8
Winton 2005
Paclitaxel (200 mg/m2) +carboplatin (AUC 6)
+ bevacizumab (15 mg/kg) every 21 days
Sandler 2006
Single agent
regimens
Gemcitabine 1250mg/m2 (day 1 and 8)
21 day cycle
Sederholm
2005
Docetaxel 75mg/m2 21 day cycle
Shepherd FA
2000
Pemetrexed 500mg/m2 21 day cycle Hanna N 2004
Toptecan 1.5mg/m2 (day1 to 5) 21 day cycle Ramlau 2006
Gefitinib 250mg daily 28 day cycle Edward 2008
Erlotinib 150mg po daily 28 day cycle
Shepherd FA
2005
Pemetrexed (500 mg/m2 IV) 3 week cycle Giorgio 2009
Afatinib 40 mg po daily 28 day cycle. Sequest 2013
Crizotinib 250 mg po BID 28 day cycle Sahw 2013
Ceritinib 750 mg p.o daily 28 day cycle Shaw 2014
Nivolumab IV: 3 mg/kg once every 2 weeks until
disease progression or unacceptable toxicity
Brahmer 2015
Pembrolizumab IV: 2 mg/kg once every 3 weeks
until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity
Garon2015
Ramucirumab IV: 10 mg/kg on day 1 every 21
days in combination with docetaxel; continue until
disease progression or unacceptable toxicity
Garon 2012
Appendix 2. Systematic Therapy Regimens in NSCLC
2524 www.slca-sts.com www.slca-sts.com
Saudi Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Lung Cancer - 2016Saudi Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Lung Cancer - 2016
Diagnosis 1. Determining Histology Subtype 2. EGFR Mutation Testing 3. EML4 -ALK-Fusion Testing 4. PDL1 testing
Characteristics
Performance
Status
Non Squamous Cell Carcinoma Squamous Cell
CarcinomaEGFR+ EML4-ALK+ EGFR WT EGFR Unknown
First line
0-2
TKI or
Platinum doublet (Pemetrexed)
+/-Bevacizumab
Crizotinib or
Platinum doublet (Pemetrexed)
+/-Bevacizumab
Platinum doublet (Pemetrexed)
+/-Bevacizumab
Platinum doublet (Pemetrexed)
+/-Bevacizumab
Platinum doublets
(no Pemetrexed or
Bevacizumab)
3
TKI
single agent chemotherapy
Crizotinib, erlotinib or single agent
chemotherapy
Single agent chemotherapy or erlotinib erlotinib or single agent chemotherapy
Erlotinib or single agent
chemotherapy
4
TKI
Palliative Care
Crizotinib*
Palliative Care
Palliative Care
erlotinib
Palliative Care
Palliative Care
Maintenance 0-2
TKI or
Pemetrexed
Bevacizumab (CM)
Crizotinib, Pemetrexed
Bevacizumab**
Pemetrexed or
erlotinib
Bevacizumab (CM)
Pemetrexed or erlotinib
Bevacizumab**
Docetaxel
Second Line
0-2
IT, TKI if not used.
Pemetrexed or docetaxel
Crizotinib, if not used.
Ceritinib if Crizotinib is used. TKI,
Pemetrexed or docetaxel
IT, Pemetrexed if not used.
IT, Ramucirumab+ Docetaxel
Pemetrexed or Erlotinib or Docetaxel
IT, Ramucirumab+Docetaxel
Pemetrexed or erlotinib or docetaxel
IT Afatinib or erlotinib
Or Ramucirumab+
Docetaxel, Docetaxel or
othes
3 TKI, if not used Crizotinib or ceritinib Erlotinib Erlotinib Afatinib or erlotinib
4 TKI if not used Crizotinib, ceritinib or TKI if not used Palliative Care Palliative Care Palliative Care
Third Line
0-3
IT, if not used
TKI
IT, Crizotinib, ceritinib or erlotinib, if both
ceritinib and crizotinib used
IT, if not used
Erlotinib
IT, if not used
erlotinib
IT if not used,
Afatinib or erlotinib
4 Palliative Care Palliative Care Palliative Care Palliative Care Palliative Care
CM = Continuation Maintenance  TKI = Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: Erlotinib, Afatinib and Gefitinib. IT: Nivolumab and Pembrolizumab
Metastatic NSCLC Guidelines: Saudi Lung Cancer Group. Modified. J Infection and Public Health 2012.Metastatic NSCLC Guidelines: Saudi Lung Cancer Group. Modified. J Infection and Public Health 2012.
2726 www.slca-sts.com www.slca-sts.com
Saudi Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Lung Cancer - 2016Saudi Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Lung Cancer - 2016
1- General Lung Cancer Recourses:
•	 NCCN guideline NSCLC You need to have NCCN account
•	 NCCN guideline SCLC You need to have NCCN account
•	 BSA Calculator
2- Diagnosis Recourses:
•	 Tumors of the Lung
•	 Molecular Testing Guideline Selection of Lung Cancer Patients for EGFR 	
	 and ALK Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
3- Staging Recourses:
•	 CT scan
•	 TNM staging using 7th edition (2009).
4- Treatment Recourses
•	 Systematic Therapy Regimens in NSCLC
•	 Chemotherapy Table for stage ( IV)
•	 Suggested chemotherapy protocol
2928 www.slca-sts.com www.slca-sts.com
Saudi Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Lung Cancer - 2016Saudi Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Lung Cancer - 2016
www.slca-sts.com
CONTACT
P. O. Box 106911
Riyadh 11676, Saudi Arabia
Tel. #: 	 +966 11 2488966
Fax #: 	+966 11 2487431
Email: 	saudithoracicsociety@yahoo.com
© Saudi Thoracic Society 2016, All Rights Reserved

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Saudi lung cancer guidleines 2016

  • 1. www.slca-sts.com A Publication of Saudi GuidelinesSaudi Guidelines Lung CancerLung Cancer on the Diagnosis and Management ofon the Diagnosis and Management of 20162016
  • 2. 12 www.slca-sts.com www.slca-sts.com © Saudi Thoracic Society, 2014 King Fahd National Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data Saudi Thoracic Society Saudi Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Lung Cancer - 2016 Saudi Thoracic Society. - Riyadh, 2014 40p; 20cm ISBN: 978-603-01-4710-6 1- Thoracoscic I-Title. 617.75 dc 1435/3151 L.D. no. 1435/3151 ISBN: 978-603-01-4710-6 © Saudi Thoracic Society 2016, All Rights Reserved List of Contributors: Prof . Abdulrahman Jazieh, MD, MPH Chairman of Saudi Lung Cancer Association, Lung Cancer Guidelines Committee Prof. Khalid Kattan, Al Faisal University, Riyadh Dr. Nagwa Ibrahim, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh Dr. Abdullah Al Twairqi, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh Dr. Turki Al Fayae, Princess Noorah Oncology Center, Jeddah Dr. Khalid Al Saleh, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh Dr. Hamad Husseini, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh Dr. Ahmed Bamousa, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh Dr. Ameen Al Omair, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh Dr. Adnan Hebshi, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah Dr. Saif Al Thaqafi, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh Dr. Sarah Al Ghanem, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh Dr. Shurki Loutfi, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh Dr. Azzam Khankan, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh RN. Mohammad Omar Al Kaiyat,(CCRP) King Abdulaziz Medical City( Project coordinator ) Saudi Lung Cancer Management Guidelines 2016 Saudi Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Lung Cancer - 2016Saudi Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Lung Cancer - 2016
  • 3. For interactive lung cancer guideline and point of care resources click below : • Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer • Small Cell Lung Cancer 32 www.slca-sts.com www.slca-sts.com Evidence Levels …………………………………………………………………................... 4 All Lung Cancer Patients ………………………………………………………................... 4 Initial Assessment Plan …………………………………………….................... 4 Diagnosis …………………………………………………………......................... 4 Staging …………………………………………………………............................. 5 General ………………………………………………………………….................. 5 Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer ……………………………………………………................. 6 Clinical Stage IA ……………………………………………............……............. 6 Clinical Stage IB …………………………………………………............. ........... 6 Clinical Stage IIA ………………………………………………………................. 7 Clinical Stage IIB …………………………………………………........................ 7 Clinical Stage IIIA …………………………………………………....................... 8 Clinical Stage Stage IIIB and Unresectable IIIA ………………….................. 9 Stage IV …………………………………………………....................................... 9 Follow-up of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer ………………………………….... 16 Small Cell Lung Cancer ………………………………………………................................ 18 Stage I-III …………………………………………………..................................... 18 Stage IV …………………………………………….............................................. 18 Follow-up and Surveillance .……………………………………….................... 18 Appendix Metastatic NSCLC Management Guidelines …………………………............. 19 Table of Contents: Saudi Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Lung Cancer - 2016Saudi Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Lung Cancer - 2016
  • 4. ABBREVIATIONS: EVIDENCE LEVELS: The following evidence levels (EL) were adopted for these guidelines: • (EL-1) High Level: well conducted phase III randomized studies or well done meta- analyses. • (EL-2) Intermediate Level: good phase II data or phase III trials with limitations. • (EL-3) Low Level: observational or retrospectives studies expert opinions. General Oncology Recourses I. ALL LUNG CANCER PATIENTS General Lung Cancer Recourses 1.1 INITIAL PATIENT ASSESSMENT. 1.1.1 Perform history and physical examination, and document smoking history and performance status. 1.1.2 Perform the following laboratory tests: Complete blood count (CBC), differential, liver function test (LFT), renal function, electrolytes, calcium, serum albumin, magnesium and phosphorus. 1.1.3 Two-view chest x-ray. CBC Complete blood count LFT liver function test NOS Not otherwise specified PCR Polymerase chain reaction CK7 Cytokeratin 7 EGFR Epidermal growth factor receptor IHC Immunohistochemistry EML4-ALK Echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 & Anaplastic lymphoma kinase TTF-1 Thyroid transcription factor 1 MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging SBRT Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy TKIs Tyrosine kinase inhibitors 54 www.slca-sts.com www.slca-sts.com Saudi Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Lung Cancer - 2016Saudi Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Lung Cancer - 2016
  • 5. 1.2 DIAGNOSIS 1.2.1 Obtain adequate tissue specimen for diagnostic and predictive markers. 1.2.2 Confirm histopathological diagnosis of lung cancer and determine the his tological subtypes of non-small cell lung cancer i.e. adenocarcinoma vs squamous cell vs large cell carcinoma using most recent pathological classification of lung cancer. Utilization of proper immunohistochem is try staining (minimal panel to include TTF1 (most important),CK7, and CK20 for adenocarcinoma and P40 (preferred) or P63 to minimize the diagnosis of “not otherwise specified” (NOS). 1.2.3 Obtain epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutation testing by PCR in certified laboratory for all histology except pure squamous cell. 1.2.4 In EGFR Wild Type (WT) tumors, obtain EML4-ALK fusion test by FISH in certified laboratory. IHC can be done to screen for positive tumors to be tested by FISH. 1.2.5 For patients with wild type EGFR & ALK, consider obtaining the ROS1 test. 1.2.6 If immune therapy is considered, PDL1 testing by IHC can be done. 1.3 STAGING 1.3.1. Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer 1.3.1.1 Obtain contrast enhanced CT scan of the chest and upper abdomen. 1.3.1.2 Obtain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of brain for stages IB-IV (preferred over contrast enhanced CT scan). 1.3.1.3 Obtain total body positron emission tomography/computed tomography(PET/CT) scan when available if the patient is considered for radical therapy (such as surgery or chemoradiotherapy). 1.3.1.4 Obtain bone scan for stages IB-IV if PET/CT is not done. 1.3.1.5 Perform mediastinoscopy in selected cases; i.e. clinical stages (IB-III).Mediastinoscopy can be omitted if PET/CT scan is negative. 1.3.1.6 Determine precise TNM staging using 7th edition (2009). 1.3.2. Small Cell Lung Cancer 1.3.2.1 Obtain contrast enhanced CT scan of chest and upper abdomen. 1.3.2.2 Obtain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of brain for stages IB-IV (preferred over contrast enhanced CT scan which can be if MRI is not available). 1.3.2.3 Obtain PET/CT scan if the disease in stages I-III. 1.3. 2.4 Obtain bone scan if PET/CT is not done. 1.3.2.5 Determine precise TNM staging using 7th edition (2009). 76 www.slca-sts.com www.slca-sts.com Saudi Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Lung Cancer - 2016Saudi Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Lung Cancer - 2016
  • 6. 1.4 PRE-TREATMENT ASSESSMENT 1.4.1 Discuss all new cases in a multidisciplinary conference (Tumor Board). 1.4.2 Obtain cardiopulmonary assessment (Pulmonary Function test, 6 minute walk, ECG and echo) if surgery considered and PFTfor curative radiotherapy is considered. 1.5 GENERAL 1.5.1 Offer available clinical research studies. 1.5.2 Counsel about smoking cessation and pulmonary rehabilitation. II. NON-SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER 2.1 CLINICAL STAGE IA 2.1.1. Anatomical surgical resection and mediastinal lymph node sampling. 2.1.2. No need for adjuvant chemotherapy (EL- 1). 2.1.3. If optimal surgery cannot be performed, consider limited surgery(wedge resection or segmentectomy) or SBRT. 2.1.4. For positive surgical margins perform re-resection (EL- 1). If not possible offer curative radiotherapy (EL- 2). 2.1.5. If surgical resection is not possible, offer curative radiotherapy. 2.1.6. Follow up and surveillance per section 2.8 (follow up of non-small cell lung cancer). 2.2 CLINICAL STAGE IB 2.2.1 Anatomical surgical resection mediastinal lymph node sampling... (EL- 1) or dissection (EL- 3). 2.2.2 For lesions ≥ 4 cm or high-risk features (poorly differentiated, wedge re section, minimal margins, vascular Invasion), consider adjuvant chemo therapy. (EL- 2). 2.2.3 Chemotherapy of choice: 4-6 cycles of cisplatin (carboplatin only if cispla tinis contraindicated) with docetaxel, gemcitabine or venorelbine (EL- 1) or carboplatin and paclitaxel. 2.2.4 If optimal surgery cannot be performed, consider limited surgery (wedge resection or segmentectomy) (EL- 1). 2.2.5 For positive surgical margins perform re-resection (EL- 1) and if not possible, offer curative radiotherapy (EL- 2). 2.2.6 If surgical resection is not possible, offer curative radiotherapy. 2.2.7 Follow up and surveillance per section 2.8 (follow up of non-small cell lung cancer). 2.3 CLINICAL STAGE IIA 2.3.1 Anatomical surgical resection with lobectomy or pneumonectomy and me 98 www.slca-sts.com www.slca-sts.com Saudi Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Lung Cancer - 2016Saudi Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Lung Cancer - 2016
  • 7. diastinal lymph node sampling (EL- 1) or dissection (EL- 3). 2.3.2 Offer adjuvant chemotherapy as per 2.2.3 (EL - 1). 2.3.3 If optimal surgery cannot be performed, consider limited surgery (wedge resection or segmentectomy) or SBRT. 2.3.4 For positive surgical margins perform re-resection (EL- 1) and if not possible, offer curative radiotherapy (EL- 2). 2.3.5 If surgical resection is not possible, offer curative radiotherapy. 2.3.6 Follow up and surveillance per section 2.8 (follow up of non-small cell lung cancer). 2.4 CLINICAL STAGE IIB 2.4.1 Anatomical surgical resection and mediastinal lymph node sampling. (EL- 1) or dissection (EL- 3). 2.4.2 Offer adjuvant chemotherapy. similar to 2.2.3 (EL- 1). 2.4.3 Superior sulcus tumors patients should be induced by cisplatin/etoposide with concurrent radiation therapy followed by surgical resection (EL- 2) and 2 cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy. Assess disease extent by using MRI at baseline and pre-operative. 2.4.4 For T3 N0 M0 perform en-bloc resection (EL- 1). 2.4.5 If optimal surgery cannot be performed, consider limited surgery (wedge resection or segmentectomy) (EL- 1). 2.4.6 For positive surgical margins perform re-resection (EL- 1) and if not possible, offer curative radiotherapy (EL- 2). 2.4.7 If surgical resection is not possible, offer curative radiotherapy. 2.4.8 Follow up and surveillance per section 2.8 (follow up of non-small cell l ung cancer). 2.5 CLINICAL STAGE IIIA 2.5.1 For T3 N1 M0 perform en-bloc resection (EL- 1). 2.5.2 For superior sulcus tumor, offer treatment similar to 2.4.3 (EL- 2). 2.5.3 For N2 disease offer neoadjuvant concurrent chemo- radiotherapy (EL- 1) assess response. If resectable, offer surgery. For non-resectable tumors, continue with the appropriate treatment based on disease status. 2.5.4 If positive N2 disease discovered during surgery by frozen section abort surgery if pneumonectomy is required (EL- 2). 2.5.5 Incidental pathological N2 disease, adjuvant chemotherapy. is indicated (EL- 1) radiotherapy can be considered (EL- 3). 2.5.6 For T4 (2 nodules in ipsilateral separate lobes), offer pneumonectomy followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. 1110 www.slca-sts.com www.slca-sts.com Saudi Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Lung Cancer - 2016Saudi Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Lung Cancer - 2016
  • 8. 2.5.7 T4 (mediastinal involvement or main airway involvement), offer surgery if potentially curative, if not possible, offer definitive concurrent chemo- ra diotherapy(2.5.1.) 2.5.8 For non N2 stage IIIA, not specified above, offer surgical resection with Adjuvant chemotherapy (EL- 1). Adjuvant chemotherapy. for positive margins. 2.5.9 Follow up and surveillance per section 2.8 (follow up of non-small cell lung cancer). 2.6 CLINICAL STAGE IIIB AND UNRESECTABLE IIIA 2.6.1 Offer concurrent chemo- radiotherapy(EL1) followed by chemotherapy (EL2). surgical resection for selected cases could be offered. 2.6.2 Follow up and surveillance per section 2.8 (follow up of non-small cell lung cancer). 2.7 STAGE IV * Obtain Palliative care. consultation / evaluation. 2.7.1 Systemic Therapy (See Table) 2.7.1.1 Stage M1a(with pleural effusion) assess the need for thoracentesis and pleurodesis. Offer systemic therapy as below. 2.7.1.2. With brain metastases • Consider surgery for patient with single brain metastasis. • Refer to radiation oncology for local treatment of the CNS disease. • After CNS disease control, start systemic therapy as in 2.7.1.4. 2.7.1.3. Isolated adrenal metastasis. Consider surgical resection (confirm histo logically before surgery). Discuss with multidisciplinary team. 2.7.1.4. No brain metastases/Treated brain disease, no prior systemic treat ment for metastatic disease. (See Table 1) 2.7.1.4.1. Adenocarcinoma/non-squamous EGFR mutation (excluding exon 20 mutations or primary resistanet mutations) A. First line: 1. Performance Status 0-2: - Use TKIs (Erlotinib, Gefitinb, or Afatinib) (EL1). - Systemic chemotherapy (platinum doublet+/-bevacizumab) (Pemetrexed is preferred over gemcitabine). 2. Performance Status 3: - Use TKIs (Erlotinib, Gefitinb, or Afatinib). - Single agent chemotherapy (Pemetrexed is preferred over gemcitabine) 2. Performance Status 4: - Use TKIs (Erlotinib, Gefitinb, or Afatinib). 1312 www.slca-sts.com www.slca-sts.com Saudi Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Lung Cancer - 2016Saudi Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Lung Cancer - 2016
  • 9. B. Maintenance: 1. Performance Status 0-2: - Continuation or switch maintenance with TKIs (EL1). If was not started on TKIs, patient should be switched to TKIs as soon as possible - Continue Bevacizumab, if started in first line. 2. Performance Status 3 and 4: - Continuation or switch maintenance with TKIs. If was not started on TKIs, patient should be switched to TKI as soon as possible . C. Second line * Consider re-biopsy to assess the cause of resistance if TKI is used in first line 1. Performance Status 0-2: - Use TKIs, if not used in first line. - Systemic Chemotherapy (platinum doublet+/-bevacizumab) (Pemetrexed is preferred over gemcitabine). - Consider using Ramucirumab 2. Performance Status 3: - Use TKIs, if not used in first line. - If TKI used, consider single agent chemotherapy (Pemetrexed preferred over gemcitabine) 3. Performance Status 4: - Use TKIs, if not used in first line. - If TKIs were used, refer to Palliative care.. D. Third Line and Beyond 1. Performance Status 0-2: - Use TKIs, if not used before. - Consider immunotherapy (Nivolumab or Pembrolizurab) - Systemic chemotherapy (single agent chemotherapy, Pemetrexed if not used, docetaxel, etc) . 2. Performance Status 3 and 4: - Use TKIs, if not used in first line. - If TKIs were used, refer to palliative care. 2.7.1.4.2. ALK positive Adenocarcinoma/non-squamous A. First line: 1. Performance Status 0-2: - Use Crizotinib. (EL1). - Systemic Chemotherapy (platinum doublet+/-bevacizumab) (Pemetrexed is preferred over gemcitabine). 2. Performance Status 3: - Use Crizotinib. - Single agent chemotherapy (Pemetrexed preferred over gemcitabine). 2. Performance Status 4: - Use Crizotinib. - Palliative care. 1514 www.slca-sts.com www.slca-sts.com Saudi Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Lung Cancer - 2016Saudi Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Lung Cancer - 2016
  • 10. B. Maintenance: 1. Performance Status 0-2: - Continuation or switch maintenance with Crizotinib. If was not started on Crizotinib, patient should be switched to Crizotinb as soon as possible. - Continue Bevacizumab, if started in first line. 2. Performance Status 3 and 4: - Continuation or switch maintenance with Crizotinib. If was not started on Crizotinib, patient should be switched to Crizotinib as soon as possible. C. Second line * Consider re-biopsy to assess the cause of resistance if TKI is used n first line 1. Performance Status 0-2: - Use Ceritinib, if Crizotinib used before. - Use Crizotinib, if not used in first line. - Systemic Chemotherapy (platinum doublet+/- bevacizumab) (Pemetrexedis preferred over gemcitabine). - Consider using Ramucirumab - Consider using Nivolumab or pembrolizumab 2. Performance Status 3 and 4: - Use Ceritinib, If Crizotinib used before - Use Crizotinib, if not used before. D. Third Line and Beyond 1. Performance Status 0-2: - Use Crizotinib or Ceritinib, if not used before. - Systemic Chemotherapy (single agent chemotherapy, Pemetrexed, if not used, docetxel, etc) - Consider immunotherapy (Nivolumab and Pembrolizumab) 2. Performance Status 3 and 4: - Use Crizotinib, if not used in first line. - If both agent is used, Palliative care.. 2.7.1.4.3. EGFR/ALK wild type Adenocarcinoma/non-squamous (Including EGFR Exon 20 mutation or primary resistance mutation) A. First line: 1. Performance Status 0-2: - Systemic Chemotherapy (platinum doublet+/-bevacizumab) (Pemetrexed is preferred over gemcitabine). 2. Performance Status 3: - Single agent chemotherapy (Pemetrexed is preferred over gemcitabine). - Palliative care. 3. Performance Status 4: - Palliative care. 1716 www.slca-sts.com www.slca-sts.com Saudi Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Lung Cancer - 2016Saudi Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Lung Cancer - 2016
  • 11. B. Maintenance: 1. Performance Status 0-2: - Continue or switch maintenance with Pemetrexed - Continue Bevacizumab, if started in first line. 2. Performance Status 3: - Continue or switch maintenance with Pemetrexed. 3. Performance Status 4: - Palliative care. C. Second line .1. Performance Status 0-2: - Single Agent Systemic Chemotherapy (Pemetrexed ifnot used, docetaxel). - Consider using Nivolumab or pembrolizumab - Consider using Ramucirumab .2. Performance Status 3: - Single Agent Systemic Chemotherapy (Pemetrexed if not used, docetaxel). - Erlotinib (only TKI) can be used. EL3. .3. Performance Status 4: - Palliative care. D. Third Line and Beyond .1. Performance Status 0-2: - Single agent systemic therapy. - Erlotinib (only TKI) can be used. EL3. 2. Performance Status 3 and 4: - Palliative care. 2.7.1.4.4. Adenocarcinoma/non-squamous with (EGFR and ALK unknown status) A. First line: 1. Performance Status 0-2: - Systemic Chemotherapy (platinum doublet+/-bevacizumab) (Pemetrexed is preferred over gemcitabine). 2. Performance Status 3: - Single agent chemotherapy (Pemetrexed is preferred over gemcitabine). - Use TKIs (Erlotinib). 3. Performance Status 4: - Palliative care. B. Maintenance: 1. Performance Status 0-2: - Continue or switch maintenance with Pemetrexed. - Continue Bevacizumab, if started in first line. 1918 www.slca-sts.com www.slca-sts.com Saudi Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Lung Cancer - 2016Saudi Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Lung Cancer - 2016
  • 12. 2. Performance Status 3: - Continue or switch maintenance with Pemetrexed. 3. Performance Status 4: - Palliative care. C. Second line 1. Performance Status 0-2: - SingleAgent Systemic Chemotherapy (Pemtrexed, if not used, docetaxel). - Immune therapy (Nivolumab or pembrolizumab) - Erlotinib can be used. EL2. - Consider using Ramucirumab 2. Performance Status 3 and 4: - Palliative care. D. Third Line and Beyond 1. Performance Status 0-2: - Systemic Chemotherapy (single agent chemotherapy, Pemetrexed if not used, docetaxel). 2. Performance Status 3 and 4: - Palliative care. 2.7.1.4.5 Squamous cell carcinoma: A. First line: 1. Performance Status 0-2: - Systemic Chemotherapy (platinum doublet) (No Bevacizumab or Pemetrexed). 2. Performance Status 3: - Single agent chemotherapy (No Pemetrexed). 3. Performance Status 4: - Palliative care. B. Maintenance: 1. Performance Status 0-2: - Continuation or switch maintenance with docetaxel. 2. Performance Status 3 and 4: - Palliative care. C. Second line 1. Performance Status 0-2: - Single agent systemic Chemotherapy (No Pemetrexed). - Immune therapy (Nivolumab or pembrolizumab) - Consider using Ramucirumab 2. Performance Status 3: - Single agent systemic therapy 3. Performance Status 4: - Palliative care. D. Third Line and Beyond 1. Performance Status 0-2: - Single agent systemic therapy - Consider using Nivolumab or pembrolizumab if it’s not used before 2. Performance Status 3 and 4: - Palliative care. 2120 www.slca-sts.com www.slca-sts.com Saudi Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Lung Cancer - 2016Saudi Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Lung Cancer - 2016
  • 13. 2.8 FOLLOW UP OF NON SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER Evaluation includes: History and physical examination, laboratory and chest x-ray. 2.8.1 For tumor stage I-III: evaluation every 3 months for 2 years then every 6 months for 3 years then annually. CT scan of the chest every 6 months for 2 years then annually for additional 3 years. Consider annual screening CT scan after 5 years. 2.8.2 Stage IV: evaluation every 2-3 months as clinically indicated. III. SMALL CELL LUNG CANCER 3.1 Stage I-III ( Previously called limited stage): 3.1.1 Offer cisplatin/ etoposide with radiation therapy then consolidate with two cycles of cisplatin/ etoposide (EL-1). May substitute cisplatin with carbo platin in patients with neuropathy, renal dysfunction or hearing problem . 3.1.2 After definitive therapy with any response offer prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) (EL-1). 3.1.3 For stage (T1-2 N0 confirmed by Mediastinoscopy ), offer surgical resection followed by chemotherapy and prophylactic brain radiotherapy (EL- 2). 3.1.4 Follow up and surveillance per section 3.3. 3.2 STAGE IV (Previously Extensive Stage) 3.2.1 Offer cisplatin/ etoposide or cisplatin /irinotecan x 6 cycles (EL-1). Use of carboplatin cisplatin is not indicated. 3.2.2 After definitive chemotherapy with evidence of response and good perfor mance status offer (EL-1). Thoracic irradiation and prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI). 3.2.3 For previously treated patients who relapsed in less than 6 months from initial treatment, offer topotecan (EL-1) or cyclophosphamide, adriamycin and vincristin (CAV), or camptozar. 3.2.4 For relapse after six months from initial treatment, may use original regimen. 3.2.5 Follow up and surveillance per section 3.3 3.3 FOLLOW UP AND SURVEILLANCE 1.3.1 Evaluation includes: history and physical examination, laboratory data and chest x-ray. 1.3.2 Stage I-III: evaluation every 3 months for 2 years then every 6 months for 3 years then annually. CT scan of the chest every 6 months for 2 years then annually for additional 3 years. Consider annual screening CT scan after 5 years. 1.3.3 Stage IV: evaluation every 2-3 months as clinical indicated . 2322 www.slca-sts.com www.slca-sts.com Saudi Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Lung Cancer - 2016Saudi Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Lung Cancer - 2016
  • 14. Adjuvant Chemotherapy Regimen Reference Carboplatin AUC 6 + paclitaxel 225 mg/m2 on day 1 21 DAYS cycle for 6 cycles Schiller 2002 Strauss 2008 Cisplatin 75mg/m2 + docetaxel 75 mg/m2 on day 1 21 day cycle for 6 cycles Sciller 2002 Cisplatin 100 mg/m2 + gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 on day 1 & 8, 15 28 day cycle for 6 cycles Usual practice is to omit day 15 and use every 21 days. Schiller 2002 Carboplatin AUC 5 + gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 on day 1 & 8 21 days cycle for 6 cycles Zatloukal P 2003 Cisplatin 75mg/m2+ vinorelbine 25 mg/m2 on day 1 & 8 21 days cycle for 6 cycles Winton 2005 Concurrent with Chemoradation Carboplatin AUC 2 + Paclitaxel 45 mg/m2 Weekly with radiation Socinski 2001 Cisplatin 50 mg/m2 (days 1, 8, 29, 36) + etoposide 50mg/m2 (day 1 to 5 and 29 to 33) Week 1 and 5 Albain 2002 Metastatic Carboplatin AUC 6 + paclitaxel 225 mg/m2 on day 1 21 days cycle for 6 cycles Schiller 2002 Strauss 2008 Cisplatin 75mg/m2 + docetaxel 75 mg/m2 on day 121 days cycle for 6 cycles Schiller 2002 Cisplatin 100 mg/m2 + gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 on day 1 & 8, 15 28 day cycle for 6 cyclesUsual practice is to omit day 15 and use every 21 days Schiller 2002 Metastatic Chemotherapy Regimen Reference Carboplatin AUC 5 + gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 on day 1 & 8 21 day cycle for 6 cycles Zatloukal P 2003 Cisplatin 75mg/m2+ vinorelbine 25 mg/m2 on day 1 & 8 Winton 2005 Paclitaxel (200 mg/m2) +carboplatin (AUC 6) + bevacizumab (15 mg/kg) every 21 days Sandler 2006 Single agent regimens Gemcitabine 1250mg/m2 (day 1 and 8) 21 day cycle Sederholm 2005 Docetaxel 75mg/m2 21 day cycle Shepherd FA 2000 Pemetrexed 500mg/m2 21 day cycle Hanna N 2004 Toptecan 1.5mg/m2 (day1 to 5) 21 day cycle Ramlau 2006 Gefitinib 250mg daily 28 day cycle Edward 2008 Erlotinib 150mg po daily 28 day cycle Shepherd FA 2005 Pemetrexed (500 mg/m2 IV) 3 week cycle Giorgio 2009 Afatinib 40 mg po daily 28 day cycle. Sequest 2013 Crizotinib 250 mg po BID 28 day cycle Sahw 2013 Ceritinib 750 mg p.o daily 28 day cycle Shaw 2014 Nivolumab IV: 3 mg/kg once every 2 weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity Brahmer 2015 Pembrolizumab IV: 2 mg/kg once every 3 weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity Garon2015 Ramucirumab IV: 10 mg/kg on day 1 every 21 days in combination with docetaxel; continue until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity Garon 2012 Appendix 2. Systematic Therapy Regimens in NSCLC 2524 www.slca-sts.com www.slca-sts.com Saudi Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Lung Cancer - 2016Saudi Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Lung Cancer - 2016
  • 15. Diagnosis 1. Determining Histology Subtype 2. EGFR Mutation Testing 3. EML4 -ALK-Fusion Testing 4. PDL1 testing Characteristics Performance Status Non Squamous Cell Carcinoma Squamous Cell CarcinomaEGFR+ EML4-ALK+ EGFR WT EGFR Unknown First line 0-2 TKI or Platinum doublet (Pemetrexed) +/-Bevacizumab Crizotinib or Platinum doublet (Pemetrexed) +/-Bevacizumab Platinum doublet (Pemetrexed) +/-Bevacizumab Platinum doublet (Pemetrexed) +/-Bevacizumab Platinum doublets (no Pemetrexed or Bevacizumab) 3 TKI single agent chemotherapy Crizotinib, erlotinib or single agent chemotherapy Single agent chemotherapy or erlotinib erlotinib or single agent chemotherapy Erlotinib or single agent chemotherapy 4 TKI Palliative Care Crizotinib* Palliative Care Palliative Care erlotinib Palliative Care Palliative Care Maintenance 0-2 TKI or Pemetrexed Bevacizumab (CM) Crizotinib, Pemetrexed Bevacizumab** Pemetrexed or erlotinib Bevacizumab (CM) Pemetrexed or erlotinib Bevacizumab** Docetaxel Second Line 0-2 IT, TKI if not used. Pemetrexed or docetaxel Crizotinib, if not used. Ceritinib if Crizotinib is used. TKI, Pemetrexed or docetaxel IT, Pemetrexed if not used. IT, Ramucirumab+ Docetaxel Pemetrexed or Erlotinib or Docetaxel IT, Ramucirumab+Docetaxel Pemetrexed or erlotinib or docetaxel IT Afatinib or erlotinib Or Ramucirumab+ Docetaxel, Docetaxel or othes 3 TKI, if not used Crizotinib or ceritinib Erlotinib Erlotinib Afatinib or erlotinib 4 TKI if not used Crizotinib, ceritinib or TKI if not used Palliative Care Palliative Care Palliative Care Third Line 0-3 IT, if not used TKI IT, Crizotinib, ceritinib or erlotinib, if both ceritinib and crizotinib used IT, if not used Erlotinib IT, if not used erlotinib IT if not used, Afatinib or erlotinib 4 Palliative Care Palliative Care Palliative Care Palliative Care Palliative Care CM = Continuation Maintenance TKI = Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors: Erlotinib, Afatinib and Gefitinib. IT: Nivolumab and Pembrolizumab Metastatic NSCLC Guidelines: Saudi Lung Cancer Group. Modified. J Infection and Public Health 2012.Metastatic NSCLC Guidelines: Saudi Lung Cancer Group. Modified. J Infection and Public Health 2012. 2726 www.slca-sts.com www.slca-sts.com Saudi Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Lung Cancer - 2016Saudi Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Lung Cancer - 2016
  • 16. 1- General Lung Cancer Recourses: • NCCN guideline NSCLC You need to have NCCN account • NCCN guideline SCLC You need to have NCCN account • BSA Calculator 2- Diagnosis Recourses: • Tumors of the Lung • Molecular Testing Guideline Selection of Lung Cancer Patients for EGFR and ALK Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors 3- Staging Recourses: • CT scan • TNM staging using 7th edition (2009). 4- Treatment Recourses • Systematic Therapy Regimens in NSCLC • Chemotherapy Table for stage ( IV) • Suggested chemotherapy protocol 2928 www.slca-sts.com www.slca-sts.com Saudi Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Lung Cancer - 2016Saudi Guidelines on the Diagnosis and Management of Lung Cancer - 2016
  • 17. www.slca-sts.com CONTACT P. O. Box 106911 Riyadh 11676, Saudi Arabia Tel. #: +966 11 2488966 Fax #: +966 11 2487431 Email: saudithoracicsociety@yahoo.com © Saudi Thoracic Society 2016, All Rights Reserved