2. Introduction
A multiband antenna is an antenna
that is designed to operate on
multiple frequency bands, typically
more than two. It is used in a wide
range of applications such as wireless
communication, radio broadcasting,
satellite communication, and military
communication.
3. PRESENT SCENARIO
The demand for multiband antennas is increasing in various industries due to their ability
to operate on multiple frequency bands, ensuring reliable and high-speed data
communication. As technology continues to evolve, multiband antennas are expected to
play an increasingly important role in the wireless communication industry.
● Multiband antennas are widely used in various wireless communication systems such
as cellular networks, wireless local area networks (WLAN), satellite communication,
and military communication.
● In the cellular communication industry, multiband antennas are widely used in
smartphones and other mobile devices.
● In the satellite communication industry, multiband antennas are used in earth
stations to communicate with satellites in different frequency bands.
● Multiband antennas are also used in military communication systems to ensure
reliable communication in various operational environments.
4. Motivation
Bandwidth: A multiband antenna offers a wide bandwidth that can operate over multiple
frequency bands, allowing for high-speed data communication and reliable connectivity.
Flexibility: A multiband antenna offers more flexibility in terms of frequency selection,
allowing for seamless communication across different frequency bands.
Space-Saving: In applications where space is limited, a multiband antenna can be an ideal
solution.
Improved Performance: Multiband antennas can offer improved performance compared
to single-band antennas.
Cost-Effective: Using a multiband antenna can be cost-effective compared to using
multiple single-band antennas.
5. Literature Survey
1. "A Review of Multiband Antennas for Mobile Devices" by M. A. Z. Khan, M. T. Islam, and N.
Misran (2020). This article provides a comprehensive review of multiband antennas used in mobile
devices, including smartphones and tablets.
2. "Design and Development of a Compact Multiband Antenna for Wireless Communication" by V.
Rani and A. Sharma (2021). This research paper presents the design and development of a compact
multiband antenna for wireless communication.
3. "Multiband Antennas for Wireless Communications: A Review" by H. Li, X. Li, and Q. Xue
(2021). This article provides a comprehensive review of multiband antennas used in wireless
communication, including WLAN, cellular networks, and satellite communication.
4. "Multiband Antenna Design for 5G Communication Systems" by M. Alibakhshi-Kenari, M. Naser-
Moghadasi, and S. D. M. Sadat (2021). This research paper presents the design of a multiband
antenna for 5G communication systems.
6. Explanation
Multiband antennas used in mobile phones are designed to operate over multiple frequency bands and
provide seamless connectivity to the users. These antennas allow the mobile phone to access different
frequency bands, depending on the availability of network coverage and the user's location.Some of
the common types of multiband antennas used in mobile phones include:
1. PIFA (Planar Inverted F Antenna): A PIFA antenna is a compact, planar antenna that is
commonly used in mobile phones due to its simple design and good performance over multiple
frequency bands.
2. FPCB (Flexible Printed Circuit Board) Antenna: A FPCB antenna is a flexible antenna that is
integrated into the mobile phone's PCB. These antennas are easy to manufacture and can be
designed to operate over multiple frequency bands.
3. Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA): A DRA antenna is a compact, high-performance antenna
that is commonly used in mobile phones. These antennas operate over multiple frequency bands
and offer a high gain, making them ideal for mobile phone applications.
9. Radiation Pattern Of PIFA Antenna
The width of the top plate is varied from 38
mm to 50 mm and length of the top plate is
changed from 5 mm to 25 mm and Lg = 60
mmWg = 50 mm, h = 14 mm Wf = 15 mm, Ws
= 2 mm, Lb = 10 mm
It is apparent that the increase in the length
or width of the top plate decreases the
resonant frequency and affects the
impedance bandwidth.
10. State-Of-The-Art Testing Facilities
There are several testing facilities for PIFA antennas in India and abroad. Here are some
examples:
1. Central Electronics Engineering Research Institute (CEERI), Pilani, India:
2. Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Bombay, India:
3. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), USA:
4. Microwave Vision Group (MVG), France:
5. Keysight Technologies, USA:
These facilities offer advanced measurement setups, including anechoic chambers, CATRs,
and near-field scanners, that can be used for testing PIFA antennas.
12. Limitations and Probable Solutions
While PIFA antennas have many advantages, they also have some limitations. Here are some of
the limitations of PIFA antennas and their solutions:
● Sensitivity to the Environment: The performance of PIFA antennas can be affected by the
presence of nearby objects or changes in the environment. One solution to this limitation is
to design the PIFA antenna with a high degree of isolation from the environment or to use
adaptive tuning techniques to maintain the antenna's performance.
● Low Gain: PIFA antennas have a lower gain compared to other types of antennas, such as
patch antennas or dipole antennas. One solution to this limitation is to use an array of
PIFA antennas, which can increase the overall gain of the antenna system.
● Surface Wave Excitation: PIFA antennas can excite surface waves, which can lead to
additional loss and distortion. One solution to this limitation is to use a thick substrate or a
ground plane that can prevent the surface wave excitation.
13. Applications
PIFA antennas have a wide range of applications due to their compact design, low
profile, wideband operation, high efficiency, and ease of integration. Some of the
common applications of PIFA antennas are:
1. Mobile Devices
2. Wireless Communication Systems
3. Medical Devices
4. Aerospace and Defense
5. IoT and Smart Home Devices
6. Industrial and Manufacturing
14. Future Scope
5G networks: The deployment of
5G networks is expected to
increase the demand for
multiband antennas, and PIFAs
can be designed to operate over
multiple frequency bands,
making them an attractive
option.
IoT devices: The growing
popularity of IoT devices, such as
smart home devices, wearables,
and sensors, requires compact and
low-power antennas, and PIFAs are
well-suited for these applications.
Autonomous vehicles:
PIFA antennas can be
designed to operate in the
millimeter-wave
frequency range, which is
used for vehicle-to-
vehicle and vehicle-to-
infrastructure
communication in
autonomous vehicles.
Medical devices: PIFA
antennas can be used in
medical devices, such as
implantable sensors, to
wirelessly transmit data to
external devices.
Aerospace and defense:
PIFAs can be used in
aerospace and defense
applications, such as radar
systems and satellite
communication systems, due
to their compact size and low
profile.
15. References
1. C. A. Balanis, "Antenna Theory: Analysis and Design," John Wiley & Sons, 2016.
2. K. Sertel, C. Karpuz, "Recent Advances in Planar Inverted-F Antenna Technology," International Journal of
Antennas and Propagation, vol. 2012, pp. 1-12, 2012.
3. Y. Qian, J. Li, "Research on Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA)," in 2011 International Conference on Multimedia
Technology, pp. 361-364, 2011.
4. J. A. Nasimuddin, M. T. Islam, "A Compact Planar Inverted-F Antenna for WLAN and WiMAX Applications,"
Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, vol. 52, no. 7, pp. 1532-1535, 2010.
5. M. Salim, M. A. Islam, M. T. Islam, et al., "A Review on Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA) for Wireless
Communication," International Journal of Computer Applications, vol. 111, no. 12, pp. 15-22, 2015.
6. J. Li, J. Liang, C. Liang, "Design of a Compact Planar Inverted-F Antenna for Mobile Handset," in 2006 IEEE
International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation Society, pp. 3481-3484, 2006.
7. M. T. Islam, M. N. Shakib, N. Misran, et al., "A Multiband Planar Inverted-F Antenna (PIFA) for Wireless
Communication Applications," Progress In Electromagnetics Research, vol. 60, pp. 159-170, 2006.
