Operating System.pptx

Operating System
1
Budhanilkantha School

Chapter Overview :
UNIT – 3 : Operating System
Introduction to Operating System
Function of Operating System
Types of Operating System
Open Source Operating System
2

Introduction to Operating System
 An operating system acts as an intermediary between the user of a
computer and computer hardware. The purpose of an operating
system is to provide an environment in which a user can execute
programs in a convenient and efficient manner.
 An operating system is software that manages computer
hardware. The hardware must provide appropriate mechanisms to
ensure the correct operation of the computer system and to
prevent user programs from interfering with the proper operation
of the system.
3

4 Introduction to Operating System
Figure : Conceptual view of a computer system

Introduction to Operating System
Some more definition of Operating System -
 An operating system is a program that controls the execution of
programs and acts as an interface between the user of a computer and
computer hardware.
 A more common definition is that the operating system is the one
running at all times on the computer (usually called the kernel), with all
being application programs.
 An operating system is concerned with the allocation of resources and
services, such as memory, processors, devices, and information.
 The operating system correspondingly includes programs to manage
resources, such as a traffic controller, a scheduler, a memory management
module, I/O programs, and a file system.
5

Functions Operating System
Fundamentally Operating system performs three major functions:
 Convenience:
An OS makes a computer more convenient to use.
 Efficiency:
An OS allows the computer system resources to be used efficiently.
 Ability to Evolve:
An OS should be constructed in such a way as to permit the effective
development, testing, and introduction of new system functions at the
same time without interfering with service.
6

Functions of Operating System
Along with these three fundamental functions OS have following
functionalities ;-
7

Types of Operating System
The Operating System (system software) is a collection of programs
designed to operate, control, and extend the processing capabilities of
the computer system itself.
Operating system can be categories on the basis of following different
fundamental criteria;-
 On the basis of User Interface Mode
 On the basis of User mode
 On the basis of processing mechanism
8

On the basis of User Interface :
 Graphical User Interface (GUI) based OS:
 This is a type of user interface based OS, where user interacts with
the computer using graphics. Graphics include icons, navigation
bars, images etc.
 Mouse can be used while using this interface to interact with the
graphics.
 It is a very user-friendly interface and requires no expertise.
 E.g.: Windows OS, MAC OS, Ubuntu OS, Android OS, IOS, etc.
9

On the basis of User Interface :
 Command (character) User Interface (CUI) based OS:
 CUI stands for Character User Interface or sometimes it is also
called Command User interface.
 This is a type of user interface based OS, where user interacts with
computer using only keyboard. To perform any action a command
is required.
 CUI is precursor of GUI and was used in most primitive computers.
Most modern computers use GUI and not CUI.
 E.g.: MS-DOS, and some version of Linux has CUI.
10

On the basis of user mode :
 Single user Operating System :
 A Single-User Operating System is
system in which only one user can
access the computer system at a
time.
 Multi user Operating System :
 A Multi-User Operating System is a
system that allows more than one
user to access a computer system
at one time.
11 Types of Operating System

On the basis of Processing Mechanism :
 Multi-Tasking/Time-sharing Operating systems
 Time-sharing operating system enables people located at a different
terminal(shell) to use a single computer system at the same time. The
processor time (CPU) which is shared among multiple users is termed
time sharing.
 Multithreading Operating System:
 Multithreading OS is similar to multitasking OS, but enables the
processing of multiple threads at one time, rather than multiple
processes. Since threads are smaller, more basic instructions than
processes, multithreading may occur within processes.

 Batch Operating System :
 The batch operating system is a very lengthy and time-saving
process. To speed up the same process, a job with the same type of
requirements are combined and executed as a group. The user of a
batch operating system doesn’t have direct interaction with the
computer.
 Real-time Operating System
 The military and Space software system is a real-time operating system
that has minimum response time for fetching and executing the input
commands.

 Distributed Operating System :
 The distributed operating system is similar to the time-sharing
system, where many processors located in a variety of locations are
used by the distributed system to provide fast computing to users.
 Network Operating System :
 Networking operating system executes on a server that can serve
and manages the data, groups, user, security, application and other
networking functions.

 Mobile Operating System :
 The mobile operating system is the OS that is designed to power tablets,
wearable devices, and smartphones. Some smartphone OS includes
windows, BlackBerry, Smart watchOS, Android, and iOS.
 Multiprogramming Operating System :
 A Multiprogramming technique is used in the multi-user environment. It
the technique in which multiple user programs are executed
simultaneously by single processor or CPU. Multiprogramming means
when two or more programs are provides to the CPU for processing or
loaded in to the internal storage of CPU at the same instant.

 Open source software is code that is designed to be publicly
accessible—anyone can see, modify, and distribute the code as they
see fit.
 Open source software is developed in a decentralized and
collaborative way, relying on peer review and community production.
 Open source software is often cheaper, more flexible, and has more
longevity than its proprietary peers because it is developed by
communities rather than a single author or company.
16 Open Source Software / Operating System

 Values of Open Source Software (Operating System)
 There are lots of reasons why people choose open source over
proprietary software, but the most common ones are:
→ Peer review
→ Transparency
→ Reliability
→ Flexibility
→ Lower cost
→ No vendor lock-in
→ Open collaboration
17 Open Source Software / Operating System

 A proprietary operating system is one which a particular company
conceptualizes, designs, develops and sells. Examples of proprietary
operating systems are Windows and Mac OS X.
 These operating systems are designed and sold by these companies
and are not meant to be tampered with or tweaked by users.
 Proprietary software/OS also is called commercial software or closed-
source software inattention to one of its most important characteristics.
 This OS also is really good and unique and sometimes, they can be
modified within creators limits.
18 Proprietary Software / Operating System

 Features of Proprietary Software / Operating System
 Stability: This maybe is the most important advantage. Creator
gives you a software which it was probed and it is capable to do
perfectly all things an actions you saw before buying it.
 Reliability and warranty : Reliability and warranty of 100% from
creators.
 Uniqueness : Proprietary software is unique. You won’t find it in any
place different from the provider.
 Compatibility : Most compatibility in some cases.
19 Proprietary Software / Operating System

20
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