2. Health Inequality
• Health inequality refers to the differences in the health caused by vaious policies. In other words
we can say that it is the disparity which occur between the most advantaged and unadvantaged
groups.These health inequalities represent unfair differences in the health status of the population
and are determined by various factors.
4. Health Outcome Indicators
• Mortality Rate- It is a measure of frequency of occurrence of death in
a defined population during a specified interval.
• In 2020, female child mortality rate for India was 33 deaths per
thousand live births. Between 1971 and 2020, female child
mortality rate of India was declining at a moderating rate to
shrink from 215.7 deaths per thousand live births in 1971 to 33
deaths per thousand live births in 2020.
5. • Life Expectancy Rate-The term “life expectancy” refers to the
number of years a person can expect to live. By definition,
life expectancy is based on an estimate of the average age that
members of a particular population group will be when they die.
• The life expectancy at birth in 2019 was 69.5 years for men and
72 years for women, which came down to 67.5 years and 69.8
years, respectively, in 2020.
6. • Over the years, women in India have been victims of extreme social, cultural, and developmental adaptations. In the
ancient period, many women across various Indian States were compulsorily made to follow several social traditions
and restrictions. Practices such as female feticide, female infanticide, dowry, domestic violence, acid throwing, and
taboo on widow remarriage were rampant. On a positive note, there have been incidents where a few Indian women
have shone, nationally as well as internationally.
•
when it comes to equality between men and women, as a country, India is still struggling. Gender inequalities between
Indian men and women have been observed to exist right from the time they are born. India's sex ratio at birth (number
of females per 1000 males) has always been favorable toward the males. In 1901, the census reported a sex ratio of
972 females per 1000 males at birth. This figure deteriorated in the subsequent decades, until it reached an all-time
low at 927 females per 1000 males during the 1991 census, only to increase again slowly. In 2011, the ratio was
943 females per 1000 males.
• World Economic Forum's Gender Gap global report of 2019 published various reports on disparitites in health,
education and employment where india was ranked 112.
•
7. Besides mortality rate, there has been various other
health issues faced by them like anemia and under
nutrition.
. As per the National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-4
(2015–2016), the proportion of non-pregnant anemic
women in the age group of 15–49 years is 53.2%.
Furthermore, more than 50% of pregnant women in the
same age group have been reported to be anemic .
Gender equality in India was reported at 0.66667 % in
2020, according to the World Bank collection of
development indicators.
8.
9. Impact of gender disparity in health sector-
Health inequalities are a huge economic burden in terms
of the prosperity of economies. The inequality-related
losses cause not only deaths, but also health care and
social security costs or losses in GDP.
10. Programmes And Schemes For Health Sector
Ayushman Bharat
and wellness
Centres
Ayushman Bharat
Pradhan Mantri
Jan Arogya Yojana
PM-Ayushman
Bharat Heath
Infrastructure
Mission
Ayushman Bharat
Digital Mission
E- Sanjeevani
