Channel management strategies
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There are four key river management strategies for floodplain management: re-alignment, re-sectioning, bank protection, and planting of vegetation. Students are to create spider diagrams providing definitions, costs, benefits, and world examples for each strategy and evaluate their global availability and limitations. They are also to find photographic evidence of strategies used in Toulouse, France.
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River management strategies include channelization through river realignment and re-sectioning, and bank protection through embankments and vegetation management. These strategies have limitations such as causing flooding downstream, accumulating sediments, destroying habitats, and being costly to implement and maintain.
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There are several strategies for river channel management including river channelization, river re-sectioning, vegetation planting and clearance, and bank protection. River channelization involves altering the river channel to increase water flow and prevent flooding by clearing obstacles and dredging. River re-sectioning straightens river meanders through cut-offs to shorten and increase water flow. Vegetation planting stabilizes banks but slows water flow while vegetation clearance improves flow but can damage banks. Bank protection uses structures like levees and dykes to prevent erosion during high water volumes.
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There are four main types of river channel management strategies:
1) Realignment straightens river channels to increase flow speed and reduce flooding.
2) Resectioning widens and deepens channels to increase water carrying capacity.
3) Bank protection like levees and revetments divert flow away from banks, reducing erosion.
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Grand Prix - Sports, Leisure & Tourism IB Geography
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Migration - IB Geography Labour Flows
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Nevado del ruiz 1985
The 1985 eruption of Nevado del Ruiz volcano in Colombia was made deadly due to secondary effects of the eruption. The eruption melted the ice cap atop the volcano, causing massive lahars or mudflows that buried the town of Armero, killing nearly 23,000 people. While the primary eruption was not particularly powerful, a lack of early warning and effective evacuation led to the large loss of life. Lessons from this disaster emphasized improving monitoring of volcanoes to better predict eruptions and evacuate threatened populations.
Venice case study - Information Sheet
To go side by side with the YouTube video. Not written by me, just discovered on the internet. Thanks to authors.
Venice translation sheet.
The document discusses several problems with tourism in Venice. It notes that most tourism is "bite and run" where visitors only stay briefly. This type of mass tourism overwhelms the city and its infrastructure. Locals struggle with overcrowded boats and streets, as well as disrespectful behavior from some tourists. Suggested solutions include implementing small ticket taxes to fund cleanliness, separating tourist and local boat transportation, and promoting less visited areas to spread tourists out. However, Venice must also support its declining local population and control the negative impacts of its popularity and dependence on tourism.
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This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
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9
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