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Developing Low Power Mobile Platform
1.
Copyright © 2001
Intel Corporation. Intel Developer Forum Spring 2001 Copyright © 2001Intel Corporation. DevelopingDeveloping Low Power MobileLow Power Mobile PlatformPlatform PochangPochang HsuHsu,, Engineering ManagerEngineering Manager Mobile Technology Development, Intel Corp.Mobile Technology Development, Intel Corp. Don J. NguyenDon J. Nguyen,, Mobile Power Architecture ManagerMobile Power Architecture Manager Mobile Technology Development, Intel Corp.Mobile Technology Development, Intel Corp. David B. ChungDavid B. Chung,, Sr. Display ManagerSr. Display Manager Advanced Display Group, Home Product Group, IntelAdvanced Display Group, Home Product Group, Intel Feb 27Feb 27 –– March 1, 2001March 1, 2001
2.
Copyright © 2001
Intel Corporation. Intel Developer Forum Spring 2001 Copyright © 2001Intel Corporation. AgendaAgenda Problem StatementProblem Statement Low Power Platform DesignLow Power Platform Design StrategiesStrategies SummarySummary Call to ActionCall to Action Low Power Display DemoLow Power Display Demo
3.
Copyright © 2001
Intel Corporation. Intel Developer Forum Spring 2001 Copyright © 2001Intel Corporation. Problem StatementProblem Statement Power consumption of anPower consumption of an OEM performanceOEM performance notebook under ZD Batterynotebook under ZD Battery MarkMark Major power contributorsMajor power contributors are LCD, GFX, chipset,are LCD, GFX, chipset, power supply, HDD/DVDpower supply, HDD/DVD CPU power well managedCPU power well managed by OSby OS Battery Life Is a Platform IssueBattery Life Is a Platform IssueBattery Life Is a Platform Issue CPU 7% Chipset 12% LCD 32% Graphics 13% HDD/DVD 11% Power Supply Loss 10% Others 15%
4.
Copyright © 2001
Intel Corporation. Intel Developer Forum Spring 2001 Copyright © 2001Intel Corporation. Low Power Platform DesignLow Power Platform Design StrategiesStrategies Strategy #1 : Take full advantage of IntelStrategy #1 : Take full advantage of Intel’’ss mobile processor and chipsetmobile processor and chipset Strategy #2 : Enhance third party devices toStrategy #2 : Enhance third party devices to support ACPI based power managementsupport ACPI based power management Strategy #3 : Optimize platform powerStrategy #3 : Optimize platform power deliverydelivery Strategy #4 : Utilize display low powerStrategy #4 : Utilize display low power management architecture and technologymanagement architecture and technology
5.
Copyright © 2001
Intel Corporation. Intel Developer Forum Spring 2001 Copyright © 2001Intel Corporation. Strategy # 1Strategy # 1 Take full advantage of Intel CPUTake full advantage of Intel CPU and Chipsetand Chipset Processor power management optimizationProcessor power management optimization Intel processor offers optimal power/frequencyIntel processor offers optimal power/frequency scalabilityscalability Fully utilize CPU low power featuresFully utilize CPU low power features Working around C3 usage with bus masteringWorking around C3 usage with bus mastering Chipset power management optimizationChipset power management optimization Power Management Optimization for MXPower Management Optimization for MX Power Management Optimization for ICHPower Management Optimization for ICH
6.
Copyright © 2001
Intel Corporation. Intel Developer Forum Spring 2001 Copyright © 2001Intel Corporation. IntelIntel®® processor offers optimalprocessor offers optimal power/frequency scalabilitypower/frequency scalability Sub 1 volt and sub 1 W processor for miniSub 1 volt and sub 1 W processor for mini and suband sub--notebook segmentsnotebook segments 0.975V ultra low power Pentium III at 300 MHz0.975V ultra low power Pentium III at 300 MHz and 0.4W average power for battery mode.and 0.4W average power for battery mode. 1.1V, 500 MHz, 0.8W for performance mode using1.1V, 500 MHz, 0.8W for performance mode using IntelIntel SpeedStepSpeedStepTMTM TechnologyTechnology Strategy # 1: Processor Power Management OptimizationStrategy # 1: Processor Power Management Optimization Intel® has sub 1.0 watt processors to enable low power platform design IntelIntel®® has sub 1.0 watt processors tohas sub 1.0 watt processors to enable low power platform designenable low power platform design
7.
Copyright © 2001
Intel Corporation. Intel Developer Forum Spring 2001 Copyright © 2001Intel Corporation. Fully Utilize CPU Low PowerFully Utilize CPU Low Power FeaturesFeatures Ensure correct C3 (deep sleep)Ensure correct C3 (deep sleep) usageusage CPU spends 65% of time in C3 duringCPU spends 65% of time in C3 during ZDBLZDBL Working around C3 usage with busWorking around C3 usage with bus master activitymaster activity Use IMVP (Intel Mobile VoltageUse IMVP (Intel Mobile Voltage Positioning) for CPU supplyPositioning) for CPU supply Full Utilize Key CPU Low Power FeaturesFull Utilize Key CPU Low Power FeaturesFull Utilize Key CPU Low Power Features Strategy # 1: Processor Power Management OptimizationStrategy # 1: Processor Power Management Optimization
8.
Copyright © 2001
Intel Corporation. Intel Developer Forum Spring 2001 Copyright © 2001Intel Corporation. Working around C3 usage withWorking around C3 usage with bus master activitybus master activity USB devicesUSB devices SolutionSolution: long term solution is to enable: long term solution is to enable selective suspend in the OS.selective suspend in the OS. Short termShort term solution is to not embed USB devices on thesolution is to not embed USB devices on the platform.platform. AGP graphics controllersAGP graphics controllers SolutionSolution: ensure your graphics controller is: ensure your graphics controller is asserting AGP_BUSY# only when generatingasserting AGP_BUSY# only when generating bus master cycles.bus master cycles. Strategy # 1: Processor Power Management OptimizationStrategy # 1: Processor Power Management Optimization
9.
Copyright © 2001
Intel Corporation. Intel Developer Forum Spring 2001 Copyright © 2001Intel Corporation. Working around C3 usage withWorking around C3 usage with bus master activity (cont.)bus master activity (cont.) Intel LAN (includingIntel LAN (including KinnereethKinnereeth,, KinnerethKinnereth+, 82559)+, 82559) SolutionSolution: when network cable is disconnected,: when network cable is disconnected, disable 1 sec synchronization and put thedisable 1 sec synchronization and put the controller in D3.controller in D3. PowerDownOnLinkLossPowerDownOnLinkLoss feature MUST be enabledfeature MUST be enabled Strategy # 1: Processor Power Management OptimizationStrategy # 1: Processor Power Management Optimization Work with Intel to ensure proper usage of processor low power states Work with Intel to ensure proper usage ofWork with Intel to ensure proper usage of processor low power statesprocessor low power states
10.
Copyright © 2001
Intel Corporation. Intel Developer Forum Spring 2001 Copyright © 2001Intel Corporation. Using IMVP for CPU supplyUsing IMVP for CPU supply IMVP* II -Intelligent regulator reduces Idle power Deeper Sleep Voltage Deeper Sleep Quick Start Active Quick Start Deep Sleep Minimum Operating Voltage Deep Sleep Voltage Deep Sleep Quick Start Active Quick Start Deep Sleep Minimum Operating Voltage Conventional Regulator -Constant Voltage Voltage Restored toVoltage Restored to Maximum LevelMaximum Level Min Voltage with Deep SleepMin Voltage with Deep Sleep and Even Lower Voltage withand Even Lower Voltage with Deeper SleepDeeper Sleep Strategy # 1: processor Power Management OptimizationStrategy # 1: processor Power Management Optimization Attend IDF session MOBS166 to learn more about IMVP technology Attend IDF session MOBS166 to learnAttend IDF session MOBS166 to learn more about IMVP technologymore about IMVP technology
11.
Copyright © 2001
Intel Corporation. Intel Developer Forum Spring 2001 Copyright © 2001Intel Corporation. MX Chipset OptimizationMX Chipset Optimization 440MX chipset (integrated DX + PIIX4E)440MX chipset (integrated DX + PIIX4E) supports performance and value for bothsupports performance and value for both mini and submini and sub--notebook segments.notebook segments. 440MX Power Optimization Checklist:440MX Power Optimization Checklist: Enable dynamic clock gating (GCLKEN bit 2)Enable dynamic clock gating (GCLKEN bit 2) Enable dynamic SDRAM power down (PDSE bit 7)Enable dynamic SDRAM power down (PDSE bit 7) Enable PCI CLKRUN# and quiet mode serial IRQ (PCNTRLEnable PCI CLKRUN# and quiet mode serial IRQ (PCNTRL bit 13, SERIRQC bit 6)bit 13, SERIRQC bit 6) Enable DRAMEnable DRAM--MD Clamp Disable (BXBT bits [5:4])MD Clamp Disable (BXBT bits [5:4]) Enable GTL Clamp Disable (BXBT bits [1:0])Enable GTL Clamp Disable (BXBT bits [1:0]) Enable GTL Data Buffer power down feature (PMCR bits 5,7)Enable GTL Data Buffer power down feature (PMCR bits 5,7) Ensure all power management signals are enabledEnsure all power management signals are enabled –– GENCFG bits [22:21], [19:17] = 0GENCFG bits [22:21], [19:17] = 0 Strategy # 1: Chipset Power Management OptimizationStrategy # 1: Chipset Power Management Optimization
12.
Copyright © 2001
Intel Corporation. Intel Developer Forum Spring 2001 Copyright © 2001Intel Corporation. ICH Chipsets OptimizationICH Chipsets Optimization Strategy # 1: Chipset Power Management OptimizationStrategy # 1: Chipset Power Management Optimization Chipset Power ManagementChipset Power Management Optimization for ICH2/3Optimization for ICH2/3--M:M: Enable dynamic SDRAM power downEnable dynamic SDRAM power down (C3STATUS bit 16 = 1)(C3STATUS bit 16 = 1) Enable PCI CLKRUN# and quiet mode serialEnable PCI CLKRUN# and quiet mode serial IRQ (GEN_PMCON1 bit 2 = 1, SERIRQ_CNTIRQ (GEN_PMCON1 bit 2 = 1, SERIRQ_CNT bit 6 = 0)bit 6 = 0) Work with Intel to optimize the usage of chipset low power features Work with Intel to optimize the usage ofWork with Intel to optimize the usage of chipset low power featureschipset low power features
13.
Copyright © 2001
Intel Corporation. Intel Developer Forum Spring 2001 Copyright © 2001Intel Corporation. Strategy # 2Strategy # 2 Enhance third party device toEnhance third party device to support ACPI low power statessupport ACPI low power states Platform Idle Power ConsumptionPlatform Idle Power Consumption HDD Power ManagementHDD Power Management Device Power ManagementDevice Power Management
14.
Copyright © 2001
Intel Corporation. Intel Developer Forum Spring 2001 Copyright © 2001Intel Corporation. CPU in C3 alreadyCPU in C3 already when system is idlewhen system is idle Very few devicesVery few devices powered managedpowered managed in S0in S0 ““runningrunning”” system statesystem state Some devicesSome devices logically enter D3,logically enter D3, but power didnbut power didn’’tt dropdrop Graphics needs DGraphics needs D state modificationstate modification Platform Idle Power ConsumptionPlatform Idle Power Consumption Strategy # 2: Enhance Third Party Device to Support Low Power ACStrategy # 2: Enhance Third Party Device to Support Low Power ACPI StatePI State CPU consumes ~1% of platform power during idle Significant room for improvement for TPV devices CPU consumes ~1% of platform power during idleCPU consumes ~1% of platform power during idle Significant room for improvement for TPV devicesSignificant room for improvement for TPV devices 0 1 2 3 4 5 LCD 15" GFX BX Power Supply Loss HDD PIIX4 Audio/Modem PIII 600MHz 1.3V Card Bus I/O subsystem Forced into D3 No application W
15.
Copyright © 2001
Intel Corporation. Intel Developer Forum Spring 2001 Copyright © 2001Intel Corporation. HDD Power ManagementHDD Power Management Current ACPI operating systems use onlyCurrent ACPI operating systems use only the D0 and D3 device power statesthe D0 and D3 device power states HDD power management policy isHDD power management policy is ““timetime-- basedbased””, not, not ““demanddemand--basedbased”” ACPI 2.0 device class powerACPI 2.0 device class power management specs allowmanagement specs allow ““Motor OFFMotor OFF”” inin the D0 power statethe D0 power state Strategy # 2: Enhance Third Party Device to Support Low Power ACStrategy # 2: Enhance Third Party Device to Support Low Power ACPI StatePI State Work with your vendors to enable improved ACPI-based HDD power management Work with your vendors to enable improvedWork with your vendors to enable improved ACPIACPI--based HDD power managementbased HDD power management
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Intel Corporation. Intel Developer Forum Spring 2001 Copyright © 2001Intel Corporation. HDD Power Management (cont.)HDD Power Management (cont.) ConventionalConventional 3 power levels3 power levels Entered by fixed times sinceEntered by fixed times since last accesslast access Idle mode typically fixed byIdle mode typically fixed by HDDHDD AdaptiveAdaptive SelfSelf--managed mode entrymanaged mode entry Device specific power levelDevice specific power level Adjustable behavior: energyAdjustable behavior: energy vs. performancevs. performance POWER(WATTS) 3 2 1 0 Inactive No Delay Adaptive (Fast) Adaptive (Medium) Adaptive (Slow) PERF.IDLE ACTIVE FAST IDLE LOW POWER IDLE STANDBY TIME (s) TIME (m) POWER(WATTS) 3 2 1 0 Command Burst Ends Command Burst Ends ACTIVE IDLE STANDBY 0 0 5 5 10 10 5 5 10 10 Wait 5 seconds Wait 5 minutes Inactive FULL POWER Convent ional Adapt ive Adaptive approach improves idle powerAdaptive approach improves idle powerAdaptive approach improves idle power Strategy # 2: Enhance Third Party Device to Support Low Power ACStrategy # 2: Enhance Third Party Device to Support Low Power ACPI StatePI State Source: IBM
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Intel Corporation. Intel Developer Forum Spring 2001 Copyright © 2001Intel Corporation. Device Power ManagementDevice Power Management Windows* 2000 implements ACPIWindows* 2000 implements ACPI--based device powerbased device power managementmanagement Does not support APMDoes not support APM ACPI support is required for system logoACPI support is required for system logo Work with your IHV to develop device drivers thatWork with your IHV to develop device drivers that implement ACPIimplement ACPI--defined interfaces including devicedefined interfaces including device power states and device performance states:power states and device performance states: Smart battery system managerSmart battery system manager LCD brightness controls (_BCL, _BCM)LCD brightness controls (_BCL, _BCM) Dynamic device power down (graphics, DVD and SIO, etc.)Dynamic device power down (graphics, DVD and SIO, etc.) Strategy # 2: Enhance Third Party Device to Support Low Power ACStrategy # 2: Enhance Third Party Device to Support Low Power ACPI StatePI State Make all your devices ACPI 2.0 compliant !Make all your devices ACPI 2.0 compliant !Make all your devices ACPI 2.0 compliant !
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Intel Corporation. Intel Developer Forum Spring 2001 Copyright © 2001Intel Corporation. Strategy # 3Strategy # 3 Optimize Platform Power DeliveryOptimize Platform Power Delivery Mobile Power System OverviewMobile Power System Overview HDD Power Reduction throughHDD Power Reduction through Hardware ControlHardware Control Single stage power conversion forSingle stage power conversion for LCD analog powerLCD analog power Improve CCFL LCD lightingImprove CCFL LCD lighting
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Intel Corporation. Intel Developer Forum Spring 2001 Copyright © 2001Intel Corporation. Mobile Power Distribution OverviewMobile Power Distribution Overview AC/DC Charger VDC CCFL Inverter CPU VTT CPU CLK Low-Voltage Pentium-III CPU Core Main 3.3V MemMX Clk Main 5.0V FDDHDD DVD Mode m Fan LCD Lighting Gfx Strategy # 3: Optimize Platform Power DeliveryStrategy # 3: Optimize Platform Power Delivery Opportunities exist to improve power distribution efficiency Opportunities exist to improve powerOpportunities exist to improve power distribution efficiencydistribution efficiency 2p x 3s Li-Ion 9-13.2V 11.1V Nom 16V Adapter Large Mosfet Switching Loss Large Ripple Current Line Regulation Control Supporting multi-component Difficult to maintain Load Regulation 30-40% PTOTAL Max High Xfmr DC Loss Small Dimming Range
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Intel Corporation. Intel Developer Forum Spring 2001 Copyright © 2001Intel Corporation. Battery StackBattery Stack--up Optimizationup Optimization Using 3p x 2s LiUsing 3p x 2s Li--IonIon Same 38.88WHr capacity @ 7.2V nomSame 38.88WHr capacity @ 7.2V nom 6V min & 8.4V max (~ 10V w/ AC/DC)6V min & 8.4V max (~ 10V w/ AC/DC) More Efficient Power ConversionMore Efficient Power Conversion 90 % for CPU Core Rail90 % for CPU Core Rail > 90% for 3.3V & 5.0V rails> 90% for 3.3V & 5.0V rails 5% Longer Battery Life5% Longer Battery Life Strategy # 3: Optimize Platform Power DeliveryStrategy # 3: Optimize Platform Power Delivery Optimized Battery Configuration Increases Battery Life Optimized Battery Configuration IncreasesOptimized Battery Configuration Increases Battery LifeBattery Life
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Intel Corporation. Intel Developer Forum Spring 2001 Copyright © 2001Intel Corporation. HDD Power ReductionHDD Power Reduction HDD consumes ~1 W during battery lifeHDD consumes ~1 W during battery life testing, ~ 50% each for 5Vtesting, ~ 50% each for 5V--motor and 5Vmotor and 5V--logiclogic HDD converts 5.0V to 3.3V (or lower) forHDD converts 5.0V to 3.3V (or lower) for ““logic digitallogic digital”” componentscomponents 5V to 3.3V linear regulator is 60% efficient5V to 3.3V linear regulator is 60% efficient ~ 200mW battery power wasted~ 200mW battery power wasted Strategy # 3: Optimize Platform Power DeliveryStrategy # 3: Optimize Platform Power Delivery Power HDD logic components with 3.3V rail to reduce power dissipation Power HDD logic components with 3.3V railPower HDD logic components with 3.3V rail to reduce power dissipationto reduce power dissipation
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Intel Corporation. Intel Developer Forum Spring 2001 Copyright © 2001Intel Corporation. HW Power Reduction IdeasHW Power Reduction Ideas -- HDDHDD Interface Connector Motor Drive 3.3V Linear Regulator 3.3V Logic Component Storage Element 5V-Motor 5V-Logic Interface Connector Motor Drive Proposal to power logic rail with 3.3V 3.3V Logic Component Storage Element 5V-Motor 3.3V-Logic Conventional Strategy # 3: Optimize Platform Power DeliveryStrategy # 3: Optimize Platform Power Delivery
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Intel Corporation. Intel Developer Forum Spring 2001 Copyright © 2001Intel Corporation. LCD Panel Data Drv Data Drv Data Drv Data Drv Column/Data Board LCD Controller Grey & BP Voltage Generator 4.5V Boost VR GateDrvGateDrvGateDrv 2x Charge -Pump Invert Charge -Pump 2x Charge -Pump Gate/Ro w Driver VCC = 3.3V Cold Cathod Flourescent Lamp (CCFL) Backlight Inverter Battery PANALO G Analog Input Power > 80% total LCD Panel PowerAnalog Input Power > 80% total LCD Panel Power 4.5V Boost VR Efficiency ~ 85%4.5V Boost VR Efficiency ~ 85% HW Power Reduction IdeasHW Power Reduction Ideas -- LCDLCD Strategy # 3: Optimize Platform Power DeliveryStrategy # 3: Optimize Platform Power Delivery Optimize Power Partition to reduce Power DissipationOptimize Power Partition to reduce Power DissipationOptimize Power Partition to reduce Power Dissipation
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Intel Corporation. Intel Developer Forum Spring 2001 Copyright © 2001Intel Corporation. HW Power Reduction IdeasHW Power Reduction Ideas -- LCDLCD SingleSingle--Stage Power Conversion Efficiency = 90%Stage Power Conversion Efficiency = 90% LCD Panel converts battery voltage to 4.5V directlyLCD Panel converts battery voltage to 4.5V directly Buck (StepBuck (Step--Down) VR is more efficient than BoostDown) VR is more efficient than Boost (Step(Step--Up)Up) Main 3.3V VR 85% Efficient To System 4.5V Boost VR 86% Efficient LCD Panel LCD OFF 4.5V Buck VR 90% Efficient LCD Panel Battery Battery Strategy # 3: Optimize Platform Power DeliveryStrategy # 3: Optimize Platform Power Delivery Optimize Power Partition to reduce power dissipation by ~ 20% Optimize Power Partition to reduce powerOptimize Power Partition to reduce power dissipation by ~ 20%dissipation by ~ 20%
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Intel Corporation. Intel Developer Forum Spring 2001 Copyright © 2001Intel Corporation. CCFL LCD LightingCCFL LCD Lighting Highest Power DissipationHighest Power Dissipation >30% of Total Platform Power>30% of Total Platform Power Inverter efficiency is ~ 80%Inverter efficiency is ~ 80% Thinner Platform requires lowThinner Platform requires low--height transformerheight transformer –– Small wire diameter due ~ 7mm max heightSmall wire diameter due ~ 7mm max height Most power loss incurred in transformer windingMost power loss incurred in transformer winding with high DC resistancewith high DC resistance Transformer Loss accounts for ~ 70% total lossTransformer Loss accounts for ~ 70% total loss Strategy # 3: Optimize Platform Power DeliveryStrategy # 3: Optimize Platform Power Delivery
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Intel Corporation. Intel Developer Forum Spring 2001 Copyright © 2001Intel Corporation. CCFL LCD Lighting Continue..CCFL LCD Lighting Continue.. Excellent display performance and lowExcellent display performance and low-- power demands large dimming rangepower demands large dimming range Ultra LowUltra Low--Power State requires lowerPower State requires lower minimum lamp currentminimum lamp current ““Lamp ThermometerLamp Thermometer”” effect will limit the lowesteffect will limit the lowest lamp currentlamp current ““DigitalDigital”” oror ““LowLow--FrequencyFrequency”” Dimming techniqueDimming technique can helpcan help Strategy # 3: Optimize Platform Power DeliveryStrategy # 3: Optimize Platform Power Delivery Optimize Inverter Design to increase Battery Life Optimize Inverter Design to increaseOptimize Inverter Design to increase Battery LifeBattery Life
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Intel Corporation. Intel Developer Forum Spring 2001 Copyright © 2001Intel Corporation. Strategy # 4Strategy # 4 Low power display ArchitectureLow power display Architecture and technologyand technology ArchitectureArchitecture Automatic backlight controlAutomatic backlight control Smart computerSmart computer--humanhuman--interface tointerface to reduce LCD powerreduce LCD power TechnologyTechnology DisplayDisplay materialsmaterials Display cell constructionDisplay cell construction Driving schemesDriving schemes ElectroElectro--Optical PerformanceOptical Performance
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Intel Corporation. Intel Developer Forum Spring 2001 Copyright © 2001Intel Corporation. Auto Backlight ControlAuto Backlight Control LCD Lighting consumes ~30LCD Lighting consumes ~30--40 % of Total40 % of Total Platform PowerPlatform Power Optimize the NitsOptimize the Nits--perper--Watts CurveWatts Curve Luminance is proportional to Power ConsumptionLuminance is proportional to Power Consumption Dim brightness level to extend battery lifeDim brightness level to extend battery life Use sensing method to automatically reduceUse sensing method to automatically reduce brightness to reduce power dissipationbrightness to reduce power dissipation Strategy # 4: Low Power Display ArchitectureStrategy # 4: Low Power Display Architecture Extend Battery Life by > 1Hr using Minimum Brightness setting Extend Battery Life by > 1Hr using Minimum Brightness setting
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Intel Corporation. Intel Developer Forum Spring 2001 Copyright © 2001Intel Corporation. LCD Power ManagementLCD Power Management LCD powerLCD power is controlled now by a useris controlled now by a user selectable inactivity timeout period in the BIOSselectable inactivity timeout period in the BIOS registerregister Timeout period is counted from the lastTimeout period is counted from the last interrupt generated by keyboard or mouseinterrupt generated by keyboard or mouse activityactivity Short timeout setting will shut off LCD at anShort timeout setting will shut off LCD at an inappropriate timeinappropriate time Long timeout setting will result in unnecessaryLong timeout setting will result in unnecessary LCD power consumption during an actualLCD power consumption during an actual period of disuseperiod of disuse Strategy # 4: Low Power Display ArchitectureStrategy # 4: Low Power Display Architecture
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Intel Corporation. Intel Developer Forum Spring 2001 Copyright © 2001Intel Corporation. Smart ComputerSmart Computer--HumanHuman--InterfaceInterface to reduce LCD powerto reduce LCD power Basic set up: 1Basic set up: 1 -- Laptop NB, 2Laptop NB, 2 -- Video Camera, 3Video Camera, 3 -- LCD, 4LCD, 4 -- UserUser 2 1 3 1 4 3 2 Strategy # 4: Low Power Display ArchitectureStrategy # 4: Low Power Display Architecture
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Intel Corporation. Intel Developer Forum Spring 2001 Copyright © 2001Intel Corporation. Smart ComputerSmart Computer--HumanHuman--InterfaceInterface to reduce LCD powerto reduce LCD power (cont.)(cont.) Computer vision technology based on video camera enables new method of controlling LCD power states by monitoring real time user’s presence If no user presence is found, the LCD is turned Off Strategy # 4: Low Power Display ArchitectureStrategy # 4: Low Power Display Architecture
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Intel Corporation. Intel Developer Forum Spring 2001 Copyright © 2001Intel Corporation. Smart ComputerSmart Computer--HumanHuman--Interface to reduceInterface to reduce LCD power (cont.)LCD power (cont.) Strategy # 4: Low Power Display ArchitectureStrategy # 4: Low Power Display Architecture Significant power saving depending on the user behavior Significant power saving depending on the userSignificant power saving depending on the user behaviorbehavior
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Intel Corporation. Intel Developer Forum Spring 2001 Copyright © 2001Intel Corporation. Strategy # 4Strategy # 4 Low Power Display TechnologyLow Power Display Technology DisplayDisplay materialsmaterials Display cell constructionDisplay cell construction Driving schemesDriving schemes ElectroElectro--Optical PerformanceOptical Performance
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Intel Corporation. Intel Developer Forum Spring 2001 Copyright © 2001Intel Corporation. Potential Low Power DisplayPotential Low Power Display MaterialsMaterials Strategy # 4: Low Power Display TechnologyStrategy # 4: Low Power Display Technology Low Power CostMateial Candidates Now In 5 yrs Now In 5 yrs Backlight Needed Bistability Commercial Ready OLED (Organic LED) ?? Y Hi Lo No No No TNLC – Transmissive No No Lo Lo Y No Y FLC No No Hi Lo? Y Y No ChLC Y Y Hi Lo No Y ~Y PDLC – Transmissive No No Lo Lo Y No ~Y Electrophorectics Y Y Hi Lo No Y No Electrochromics Y Y Hi Lo? No No No Specify material technology can lead to lower power consumption Specify material technology can lead toSpecify material technology can lead to lower power consumptionlower power consumption
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Intel Corporation. Intel Developer Forum Spring 2001 Copyright © 2001Intel Corporation. Typical AM LC Display StructureTypical AM LC Display Structure Strategy # 4: Low Power Display TechnologyStrategy # 4: Low Power Display Technology
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Intel Corporation. Intel Developer Forum Spring 2001 Copyright © 2001Intel Corporation. Low Power Attributes of LC MaterialLow Power Attributes of LC Material ViscosityViscosity Dielectric ConstantsDielectric Constants Refractive IndexRefractive Index Transition Temperature RangeTransition Temperature Range -+ Strategy # 4: Low Power Display TechnologyStrategy # 4: Low Power Display Technology Amount of LC Material used: Cell GapAmount of LC Material used: Cell Gap Performance Related PropertiesPerformance Related Properties Optimize low power materials with display vendorsOptimize low power materials with display vendorsOptimize low power materials with display vendors For Low Power = decrease values = increase values
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Intel Corporation. Intel Developer Forum Spring 2001 Copyright © 2001Intel Corporation. Cell GapCell Gap –– Amount of material usedAmount of material used Coatings TransmittanceCoatings Transmittance –– e.g. ITO (Indium Tin Oxide)e.g. ITO (Indium Tin Oxide) Optical FilmsOptical Films –– PolarizersPolarizers -- ContrastContrast –– Retardation filmRetardation film -- Color, Brightness,Color, Brightness, ContrastContrast –– Alignment LayerAlignment Layer -- Viewing angleViewing angle –– Light Guide / SourceLight Guide / Source -- Brightness,Brightness, UniformityUniformity Low Power related DisplaysLow Power related Displays Construction ParametersConstruction Parameters Strategy # 4: Low Power Display TechnologyStrategy # 4: Low Power Display Technology Low power depends on display constructionLow power depends on display constructionLow power depends on display construction For Low Power = decrease values = increase values
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Intel Corporation. Intel Developer Forum Spring 2001 Copyright © 2001Intel Corporation. Low Power Display PackagingLow Power Display Packaging Front Light R-LCD w Front LightR-LCD w Front Light Polarizer Optical films Color filter ITO Metal electrode Back light Glass Glass Glass Glass LC layer Strategy # 4: Low Power Display TechnologyStrategy # 4: Low Power Display Technology Transmissive ModeTransmissive Mode Transflective ModeTransflective Mode
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Intel Corporation. Intel Developer Forum Spring 2001 Copyright © 2001Intel Corporation. Low Power Display Characteristics Paper Reflective PassiveLCD Transmissve Backlit LCD Bistable Contrast 7-10:1 newspaper 20 :1 laser print ~5 : 1 0 to >100:1 depending on ambient 20 – 30 : 1 View Angle All Narrow Selective All Full Color Yes Off / No Yes Yes/No Reflection Type Lambertian Highly specular Transmissive Near Lambertian Flexibility Yes No No Plastic / moderate Response Time -- 20 ms 20 ms 30 – 100 ms Driving Voltage -- < 5V < 5V 40V Drive Scheme -- Active Active Passive Multiplexing Capability -- Low Low High Substrates (Wt) -- Glass Glass Glass / Plastic Battery Lifetime @1min/page -- 18 hrs 2 hrs 340 hrs(1min/pg) 680 hrs(2min/pg) Availability Commercial Commercial Commercial Demo(arranged) Strategy # 4: Low Power Display TechnologyStrategy # 4: Low Power Display Technology Low power depends on display applicationsLow power depends on display applications
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Intel Corporation. Intel Developer Forum Spring 2001 Copyright © 2001Intel Corporation. SummarySummary Battery life is a platform issueBattery life is a platform issue Intel CPU is optimized for low power designIntel CPU is optimized for low power design Great power reduction opportunity in theGreat power reduction opportunity in the third party componentsthird party components Pay attentions to platform power distributionPay attentions to platform power distribution Look for the best match in displayLook for the best match in display technologytechnology Low power design requires industrialLow power design requires industrial collaborationcollaboration
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Intel Corporation. Intel Developer Forum Spring 2001 Copyright © 2001Intel Corporation. Call to ActionCall to Action Take full advantage of Intel processor andTake full advantage of Intel processor and chipset for your next designchipset for your next design Work with your TPV to enhance deviceWork with your TPV to enhance device power management under ACPIpower management under ACPI Optimize your platform power deliveryOptimize your platform power delivery Improve your display architecture andImprove your display architecture and technology to save powertechnology to save power Look for power reduction opportunity in theLook for power reduction opportunity in the third party componentthird party component
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Intel Corporation. Intel Developer Forum Spring 2001 Copyright © 2001Intel Corporation. Low Power Display DemoLow Power Display Demo Smart computerSmart computer--humanhuman--interface tointerface to reduce LCD powerreduce LCD power Automatic backlight control withAutomatic backlight control with ambient light sensorambient light sensor A low power biA low power bi--stable full color displaystable full color display
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Intel Corporation. Intel Developer Forum Spring 2001 Copyright © 2001Intel Corporation. CollateralCollateral Banister Component Specification, Rev 1.0Banister Component Specification, Rev 1.0 Adaptive Battery Life Extender: (whiteAdaptive Battery Life Extender: (white paper)paper) http://www.storage.ibm.com/hardsoft/diskdrdl/library/techhttp://www.storage.ibm.com/hardsoft/diskdrdl/library/tech nolo.htmnolo.htm Backlight InverterBacklight Inverter LowLow--Frequency DimmingFrequency Dimming –– Texas Instrument UCC3972Texas Instrument UCC3972 Digital DimmingDigital Dimming –– LinfinityLinfinity LXM161LXM161
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