A small ppt on medicinal chemistry prepared by me

1. •Medicinal ChemistryMedicinal Chemistry
By Pinaki BeheraBy Pinaki Behera

2. ContentContent
• DefinitionDefinition
• IntroductionIntroduction
• HistoryHistory
• Formation of medicinal chemistryFormation of medicinal chemistry
• About drugs & medicinesAbout drugs & medicines
• Pharmacological Effect:-Pharmacological Effect:-
AntibioticsAntibiotics
AnalgesicAnalgesic
AntipyreticsAntipyretics
AntisepticAntiseptic

3. Medicinal ChemistryMedicinal Chemistry
IntroductionIntroduction
Medicinal chemistry is the type ofMedicinal chemistry is the type of
chemistry concerned with the design,chemistry concerned with the design,
development and synthesis ofdevelopment and synthesis of
pharmaceutical drugs.pharmaceutical drugs.

4. HistoryHistory
• The early explorer wereThe early explorer were
the south American Indian.the south American Indian.
• They chewedThey chewed coca leavescoca leaves
(containing(containing cocainecocaine) and) and
mushroomsmushrooms (containing methylated(containing methylated
tryptamine) as hallucinogens.tryptamine) as hallucinogens.
• Brazilian people found ipecocuahha roots for theBrazilian people found ipecocuahha roots for the
treatment of dyscentry whish contain emetine.treatment of dyscentry whish contain emetine.

5. FormationFormation ofof medicinalmedicinal chemistrychemistry

6. Drugs & Medicine:-Drugs & Medicine:-
• IT Interact with macro molecular targetIT Interact with macro molecular target
and produce a biological response.and produce a biological response.
• Used in diagnosis, prevention and curingUsed in diagnosis, prevention and curing
treatment of diseases.treatment of diseases.
• Can prove to be poisonous ,if it isCan prove to be poisonous ,if it is
consumed in higher doses than thoseconsumed in higher doses than those
recommended.recommended.

7. Pharmacological EffectPharmacological Effect
• Drugs which are classified on the basics ofDrugs which are classified on the basics of
pharmacological effect which so much useful to doctors.pharmacological effect which so much useful to doctors.
• This provides a wide range of drugs available for theThis provides a wide range of drugs available for the
treatment of a particular type of problemtreatment of a particular type of problem
• ExampleExample:-:-
• AnalgesicAnalgesic
AntibioticsAntibiotics
AntipyreticsAntipyretics
AntisepticAntiseptic
AntacidAntacid
AnesthesiaAnesthesia

8. Analgesics (Pain killer)Analgesics (Pain killer)
• Chemical substanceChemical substance
which are used for relievingwhich are used for relieving
from pain.from pain.
• Such as muscular pain,Such as muscular pain,
headache, toothacheheadache, toothache
etcetc
• It is of 2 types…It is of 2 types…

9. Analgesic (Pain killer)Analgesic (Pain killer)
• Narcotics:-Narcotics:-
• Generally these are theGenerally these are the
opium derivatives.opium derivatives.
• Called habit formingCalled habit forming
drugs.drugs.
• Causes sleep and highCauses sleep and high
doses causedoses cause
unconsciousnessunconsciousness
• Example:-Example:-
 HeroinHeroin
 Brown sugarBrown sugar
 CocaineCocaine
• Non-narcotics:-Non-narcotics:-
• Used for relieving from pain.Used for relieving from pain.
• The don’t cause addiction.The don’t cause addiction.
• Example:-Example:-
 Aspirin (Acetyl Salicylic Acid)Aspirin (Acetyl Salicylic Acid)
 ParacitamolParacitamol
 AnalginAnalgin

10. Non-narcoticsNon-narcotics
1.1.Aspirin:-IAspirin:-Itt is used as an analgesicis used as an analgesic
agent for the treatment of mildagent for the treatment of mild
to moderate pain.to moderate pain.
• Molecular formula:-
• Uses:-Uses:-
 Pain, fever and inflammation.Pain, fever and inflammation.
 prevent heart attacks and chest pain.prevent heart attacks and chest pain.
• Overdose:-Overdose:-
 RRinging in your earsinging in your ears
 HallucinationsHallucinations
 Rapid breathingRapid breathing
 vomiting, or stomach painvomiting, or stomach pain
 coughing up bloodcoughing up blood

11. 2.2. ParacitamolParacitamol
• Also known as acetaminophenAlso known as acetaminophen
• It is a pain reliever and a It is a pain reliever and a feverfever
reducer.reducer.
• Molecular formula:-
• Overdose:-Overdose:-
• DiarrheaDiarrhea
• increased sweatingincreased sweating
• nausea or vomitingnausea or vomiting
stomach painstomach pain

12. AntibioticAntibiotic
• Antibiotics are also called Antibiotics are also called
anti-bacterialanti-bacterial..
• They may either kill or inhibitThey may either kill or inhibit
the growth of the growth of bacteriabacteria..
• Alexander FlemingAlexander Fleming
discovered the 1discovered the 1stst
AntibioticAntibiotic
& later named it penicillin& later named it penicillin..

13. Usefulness :-Usefulness :-InfluenzaInfluenza
Molecular formula :-Molecular formula :-
How really penicillin looks like:-How really penicillin looks like:-
Side Effects:-Side Effects:- asthma;asthma;
kidney disease;kidney disease;
bleeding or blood clotting disorderbleeding or blood clotting disorder

14.  Ampicillin :-Ampicillin :- Prevents infectionsPrevents infections
like bladder infections, pneumonia,like bladder infections, pneumonia,
gonorrhea, meningitis and infectionsgonorrhea, meningitis and infections
of the stomach or intestines.of the stomach or intestines.
• Side effects:-Side effects:-nausea,nausea,
Vomiting, diarrhea.Vomiting, diarrhea.
 Tetracycline:-Tetracycline:-used for treatmentused for treatment
of infections of the urinaryof infections of the urinary
tract, respiratory tract.tract, respiratory tract.
 Side effectSide effect:-:-Some adults experienceSome adults experience
teeth discoloration.teeth discoloration.

15. AntipyreticsAntipyretics (fever killing medicines)(fever killing medicines)
• Drug that can reduce fever by lowering bodyDrug that can reduce fever by lowering body
temperature.temperature.
 AspirinAspirin
 ParacitamolParacitamol
 CodinCodin

16. Antiseptic:-Antiseptic:-
• Chemicals which prevents the growth and killChemicals which prevents the growth and kill
microorganism but not harming living tissues.microorganism but not harming living tissues.
• It can be applied on wounds ,cuts & infectedIt can be applied on wounds ,cuts & infected
skin surface etc.skin surface etc.
• Example:-Example:-
• DettolDettol
• Hydrogen peroxideHydrogen peroxide
• AlcoholAlcohol
• IodineIodine

17. Antacid:-Antacid:-
• The Chemical which neutralize the excess acidThe Chemical which neutralize the excess acid
present in the stomach as gastric juices and givepresent in the stomach as gastric juices and give
relief from acidityrelief from acidity
Example:-Example:-
• Such as magnesium hydroxide & AluminumSuch as magnesium hydroxide & Aluminum
hydroxidehydroxide
• Sodium BicarbonateSodium Bicarbonate
• It only can control the symptoms not the root.It only can control the symptoms not the root.

18. Anesthetics:-Anesthetics:-
• A A drugdrug to prevent pain during to prevent pain during surgerysurgery..
• Example:-nitrous oxideExample:-nitrous oxide
Side effects:-Side effects:-Nausea and/or vomitingNausea and/or vomiting
• Difficulty breathing or other respiratory problems;Difficulty breathing or other respiratory problems;
• Hypothermia (low body temperature due to poorHypothermia (low body temperature due to poor
circulation);circulation);
• Hallucinations;Hallucinations;