Hitachi's 4K UHD Camera Overcomes Biggest Objections
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Prezentace nové profesionální 2/3" studiové kamery Hitachi SK-UHD4000. Vysvětlení konfigurace celého kamerového řetězce a použití technologi čtyř MOS čipů.
![1© Hitachi Kokusai Electric, Ltd. 2014. All rights reserved.
To develop, manufacture and deliver the World’s First practical 4K Studio/
Field Production camera.
To employ B4 [BTA S-1005A] 2/3-inch lens format, to overcome one of the
biggest objections to wide adoption of 4K image for TV production.
To use 4 [four] MOS 2/3-inch format sensors, in order to offer a high SNR
of 62 dB and high sensitivity of F9 @ 50 frame rate.
To utilize the latest generation of MOS sensors each with 2.2Mpixel X 4 =
8.8Mpixel image to achieve a FULL 3840 x 2160 pixel raster.
To provide the lowest power consumption of any 4K camera currently on
the market. [<38W]
HITACHI 4K Camera Design Challenges](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
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Hitachi's 4K UHD Camera Overcomes Biggest Objections
- 1. © Hitachi Kokusai Electric, Ltd. 2014. All rights reserved. SK-UHD4000 Customer Presentation The world’s first practical 2/3-inch format, 4K UHD camera Broadcast and Professional Products Hitachi Kokusai Electric Ltd.
- 2. 1© Hitachi Kokusai Electric, Ltd. 2014. All rights reserved. To develop, manufacture and deliver the World’s First practical 4K Studio/ Field Production camera. To employ B4 [BTA S-1005A] 2/3-inch lens format, to overcome one of the biggest objections to wide adoption of 4K image for TV production. To use 4 [four] MOS 2/3-inch format sensors, in order to offer a high SNR of 62 dB and high sensitivity of F9 @ 50 frame rate. To utilize the latest generation of MOS sensors each with 2.2Mpixel X 4 = 8.8Mpixel image to achieve a FULL 3840 x 2160 pixel raster. To provide the lowest power consumption of any 4K camera currently on the market. [<38W] HITACHI 4K Camera Design Challenges
- 3. 2© Hitachi Kokusai Electric, Ltd. 2014. All rights reserved. Spatial pixel-offset alignment of 4K camera 4-chip 4k method Optical pixel placement Total number of pixels are similar but with 4-chip method achieved in a smaller space. CFA sensor has lower sensitivity due to the smaller photodiode region of each pixel. CFA sensor has inferior color reproduction that is dependent on the de-mosaicing process. R,G1,G2,B Process ･Pixel Concealment ･Gain ･W/B-balance ･SHD COMP ･TEST Video size Other manufacturers Single-chip 8M pixel Hitachi 4-chip(4 x 2M pixel)
- 4. 3© Hitachi Kokusai Electric, Ltd. 2014. All rights reserved. Precision pixel alignment technology
- 5. 4© Hitachi Kokusai Electric, Ltd. 2014. All rights reserved. MOS sensor technology What are the sensor selection criteria for a TV camera? Camera use Camera cost Color, mono Format size Pixel density Aspect Resolution Noise Efficiency Sensitivity Dynamics Power use Frame speed
- 6. 5© Hitachi Kokusai Electric, Ltd. 2014. All rights reserved. What is 4K? BASIC SPECS of 4K SIGNAL UHD-1Resolution: 3840 x 2160 (UHD-2: 7680 x 4320) Aspect Ratio: 16:9. Frame Rates: 120p, 60p, 59.94p, 30p, 29.97p, 25p, 24p, 23.96p. Scan Mode: Progressive only. Bit Depth: 10-bit or 12-bit. Sampling: 4:4:4, 4:2:2, 4:2:0.
- 7. 6© Hitachi Kokusai Electric, Ltd. 2014. All rights reserved. 4K Image output & super-sampling Optical cable HD-SDI (4x 3Gbps)4K CCU 2K, 4-sensor 4K, 4X 1080/59.94p +
- 8. 7© Hitachi Kokusai Electric, Ltd. 2014. All rights reserved. External Appearance of SK-UHD4000 Camera Low-profile camera body Active cooling fins. (No thru holes to inside of camera) Rotating Fiber-optic connector Rear-facing RED/GREEN tally lamps 2-channel Intercom and AUX video control panel Prompter video output or Genlock input BNC (Tri-Sync or BBS) HD-SDI-2 RET video output BNC for floor monitor Anti-slip soft padded shoulder pad MON/VF/RET output BNC AUX RET Switch Lens connector Strong metal camera handle with Anti-slip coating, carry strap post & shoe mount RCP connector Script & Prompter Power connectors Power, MIC-1/2 XLR connectors VF-402 ENG 2-inch CRT HDTV viewfinder Automatic switchable 50/60 Hz MIC-1 connector HD-SDI-1 video output BNC Strong locking-wedge studio viewfinder mount
- 9. 8© Hitachi Kokusai Electric, Ltd. 2014. All rights reserved. External Appearance of SK-UHD4000 Camera Strong locking- wedge studio viewfinder mount Anti-slip cheek-pad Intercom CALL switch Main Power switch White balance Memory select Bars, Cam, Auto KneeMenu navigation controls Audio monitor volume Electronic Shutter control Intercom MIC switch Variable intensity LED front-TALLY lamp Widest variety and choice of 2/3-inch format hand-held portable HDTV lenses Contrast, Brightness, Marker-1/2, Tally controls METAL chassis construction 2x Motorized, remotely controlled, 10-position optical filter wheel Flip VF eye piece Video gain Head Power Optical & ECC filters Anti-slip coating on handle Variable VF video Detail & Peaking SD Memory card slot VF-402 ENG 2-inch CRT HDTV viewfinder Automatic switchable 50/60 Hz Check TRUNK IN/OUT RS-422 or RS- 232C (option)
- 10. 9© Hitachi Kokusai Electric, Ltd. 2014. All rights reserved. External Appearance of SK-UHD4000 Camera Rear tri-color Tally lamps Customer “Soft” switch Return 1 (AUX) on/off Intercom PGM 1 volume Intercom 1 volume control delegation switch Intercom 1 volume Intercom headset connectors (5-pin XLR) MIC-1 Phantom power on/off MIC-1 connection delegation switch 12VDC power input connector Large lens adapter integrated connector (underneath cover) Tally on/off switch Return 2 (AUX) channel selection Swivel Fiber connector Intercom PGM 2 volume SMPTE-304M hybrid fiber connector PD/ENG intercom channel selection Script lamp power Remote AUX select Prompter power & tally connection MIC-2 Phantom power on/off HD-SDI 2 RET video output BNC for floor monitor MIC-2 audio input XLR MIC-1 audio input XLR
- 11. 10© Hitachi Kokusai Electric, Ltd. 2014. All rights reserved. Studio Adapter System for SK-UHD4000 Camera
- 12. 11© Hitachi Kokusai Electric, Ltd. 2014. All rights reserved. System Configuration Diagram
- 13. 12© Hitachi Kokusai Electric, Ltd. 2014. All rights reserved. External Appearance of the 4K Camera Control Unit
- 14. 13© Hitachi Kokusai Electric, Ltd. 2014. All rights reserved. Camera Control Unit inputs & outputs 4K OUTPUT1 1 2 3 4 - HD/SD1 - 1 2 - HD/SD2 - 1 2 - HD/SD3 - WFM PIX RET.A 1 2 3 4 - RET.B - 1 2 4K OUTPUT2 1 2 3 4 Video out Format note 2x4K-OUT 3G-SDI x 4 (Level-A/B) 2-sample inter- leave or Squared 6x HD/SD-OUT 1080p/ 1080i/ 720p/ SD -SDI PIX/WFM Cut out 2K from 4K, Prgsv or Intrld 4x Return A 1.5 or 3G-SDI 1080p/1080i/720p 2x Return B 1.5 or 3G-SDI 1080p/1080i/720p
- 15. 14© Hitachi Kokusai Electric, Ltd. 2014. All rights reserved. Control Panels
- 16. 15© Hitachi Kokusai Electric, Ltd. 2014. All rights reserved. RLAC – Real-time Lens Aberration Compensation Real-time Lens Aberration Correction (RLAC) can reduce colored edges caused by optical lateral chromatic aberration. The RLAC dynamically corrects the colored edges using aberration correction data provided by lens with a digital serial interface. TOP MENU COLOR DETAIL MAINTENANCE FILE : ■ : : : MAINTENANCE MENU AUTO SETUP WHT SHADING AUTO IRIS MIC GAIN M.GAIN SET :AUTO SHUTTER SYSTEM CHECK :-512 :OFF :OFF :MONITOR : : : ■ RLAC : RLAC RLAC STATUS :ENABLE : :ON Red color fringe ENABLE : Camera received the aberration data ENABLE* : Camera received the aberration data. But the extender position is not X2, so RLAC is disabled. READING : Receiving the aberration data from lens. WAITING : Waiting for completion of lens initialization. Turn the focus ring and zoom ring and detect both ends of the operation range to complete initialization. DISABLE : The lens does not have the aberration data, or cable is disconnected. RLAC menu access to check correction status RLAC ONRLAC OFF
- 17. 16© Hitachi Kokusai Electric, Ltd. 2014. All rights reserved. RLAC – Real-time Lens Aberration Compensation Red line is error data supplied to the camera by the lens. Blue line is correction data calculated by the camera. The lens error data is said to be ‘multi- dimensional’ because it takes into account the physical positions of the Focus, Zoom, Extender position and Iris. The correction takes place in real- time, automatically without user- intervention. The RLAC is a vast improvement but does not completely eliminate the lens chromatic aberration.
- 18. 17© Hitachi Kokusai Electric, Ltd. 2014. All rights reserved. Auto-ChromaAutoChromaOFF Auto-Chroma can automatically reduce over-saturated colors in the image caused by extremely bright and colorful objects such as emergency vehicle lights or stage lighting LED’s. Also has the effect of ‘legalizing’ the color gamut of a particular preset masking setting. AutoChroma:ON AutoChromaOFF AutoChromaOFF AutoChroma:ON AutoChroma:ON
- 19. 18© Hitachi Kokusai Electric, Ltd. 2014. All rights reserved. Ethernet Network Camera Control
- 20. © Hitachi Kokusai Electric, Ltd. 2014. All rights reserved. 19 THANK YOU
Editor's Notes
- Welcome to HITACHI’s presentation of the world’s first deliverable and practical, 2/3-inch format, 4K UHD television production camera system. The SK-UHD4000 is a truly revolutionary and unique piece of imaging equipment that embodies the very latest technological patents from HITACHI and other associated manufacturers. Let’s get to know what’s driving this effort and how HITACHI stepped up to the plate to answer today’s most difficult electro-optical challenges.
- As one of the world’s leading camera manufacturers, HITACHI answered the market demand for an 8K 2/3-inch lens mount camera with a combination of unique technologies that are part of the company’s camera design portfolio. [click-1] The lens being the key element in image acquisition shall be the start of our conversation after this slide. [click-2] The fact that there are no currently manufactured 8K 2/3-inch image sensors is not a barrier that stopped the SK-UHD4000 design team. Our selection of a patented 4-port, 2/3-inch prism is the best choice to preserve the optical modulation transfer function of modern lenses. This 4-port prism not only best preserves the lens MTF but also allows for an optical block assembly not much larger than 3-sensor prism ones. [click-3] Each MOS sensor is of standard 2K resolution and thus make up the FULL 4K image raster of 3840 by 2160 pixels or 8.8 mega-pixel composite 4K image. The use of modern MOS sensors and HITACHI advanced Digital Processing make it possible to manufacture a [click-4] low power consumption, portable and reliable 4K Studio and Field production camera.
- With the selection of the best color separation RGB, 4-part prism, HITACHI achieves the same number of pixels as the Color Filter Array camera design but in a smaller space relative to the RGB pixel. [click-1] A larger pixel aperture ratio is achieved if you take into consideration the spatial placement of the R-G-G-B pixels in the HITACHI optical block. This results in a good sensitivity rating. [click-2] The resolution has already been spoken for since the dual green system increases the sharpness in the luminance signal and overall depth of modulation. [click-3] Last; the Color Filter Array sensor’s necessity for de-bayering in the DSP is not needed in the RGB processing of the HITACHI camera. The outcome is higher fidelity of the colored objects reproduced by the camera.[click-4] The chroma sampling accuracy thus remains at the highest resolution captured by the MOS 2-mega-pixel sensors.
- The HITACHI SK-UHD4000 employs a patented 4-port, 2/3-inch prism that best preserves the depth of modulation and resolution in the composite 4K output signal. The 4-port prism also retains the size advantage of the 3-port one by physically fitting in the same chassis as HITACHI’s standard HDTV camera series. They key to HITACHI’s design is the patented ½-pixel, 2.5 micron pixel offset alignment process that substantially increases the picture sharpness. Furthermore, this precise alignment imposes a higher accuracy level of DSP processing not only for the dual Green channels but; subsequent RLAC functions that automatically correct the lens aberration errors of 2K HDTV lenses currently manufactured. As it as come to be expected in Broadcast TV cameras, HITACHI offers dual filters wheels remotely controlled and motorized with 5 filters in each to perform Neutral Density attenuation and Color Correction functions.
- MOS or CMOS sensors have advanced exponentially in performance and picture reproduction quality. The advantages over the traditional CCD sensors are indisputable. All camera manufacturers are in agreement that most new camera designs from this point forth will use CMOS sensors of some kind. [click-1] Looking at the wider spectral response of MOS sensors over CCDs would allow us to not only render colors more faithfully but, apply new Wide Color Gamut standards such as DCI and ITU-R BT2020 HITACHI has carefully weighed many factors in the design of the SK-UHD4000 and our choice for using MOS sensors. Some of the sensor selection criteria are; the purpose of the camera; the intended selling cost of the camera, whether it will operate in color or monochrome, the image format size & aspect, the pixel count or density, the spatial resolution required, the noise floor, quantum efficiency and sensitivity, dynamics and analog-to-digital resolution, the power consumption and the frame speed at which it is to operate.
- 4K is a generic term that represents display devices with horizontal resolution in the order of 4,000 horizontal pixels. The Digital Cinema Industry standard is 4096 horizontal pixels by 2160 vertical pixels. Whereas the broadcast Industry standard is 3,840 horizontal pixels by 2,160 vertical; this is otherwise known as UHD-1. It has twice the horizontal and vertical resolution of normal 2K HD thus 4 times the amount of visual information. The UHD-1 signal specifications are as shown here…
- The HITACHI 4K camera processes RGB as depicted here and outputs a 4K UHD signal or QUAD 2K. Each 2K image is composed of Y, Pb, Pr in full 1920 X 1080 resolution at 59.94 frames per second. Note that the chroma resolution can still be 4:2:2 same as traditional 2K HDTV cameras. The QUAD 2K images are seamlessly stitched together in the final display. The main advantages of doing it this way is that any quadrant of the 4K signal can be handled by a single, 3Gbps channel for subsequent processing, transport, quality measurements and eventually; compression for transmission. The external equipment therefore needs to be 4 times of greater capacity to be able to process just a single UHD signal source.
- This is a description of all the major switches and facilities on the left side of the camera chassis.
- This is a description of all the major switches and facilities on the right side of the camera chassis.
- This is a description of all rear switches and connectors on the CA-UHD4000 fiber cable adapter.
- The Studio Adapter system for the SKUHD4000 utilizes the large lens adapter model SA-1000 shown. The camera is installed in the SA without any type of external cables. It is a clean, cable-less installation that guarantees ruggedness and longevity of use. With the optional BU-1000, the 9-inch studio viewfinder swings open to the right to allow easy access to the camera. The SU-1000 provides full studio functionality due to its rear control panel. The rear control panel provides access to all intercom, program audio, returns selection, menu call up and navigation, ND and CC filter control, lens extender, VF menu cursors and more.
- This is a simple system diagram of the SK-UHD4000 camera system.
- This picture depicts an actual production sample of the 4K CCU’s front chassis.
- Looking at the actual CCU outputs of the 4K CCU; note that we offer 2 independent sets of 4X outputs via 8 BNCs. Note that these 4K outputs can be switched between Squared or 2-sample interleave transport and also, you can select 3G Level-A or Level-B for full compatibility with legacy Sony equipment. The system is designed to handle returns with as much as 3G of bandwidth. This allows for high quality returns and even digital teleprompter feeds up to the camera head.
- This slide shows the 2 available control panels for the SK-UH4000 camera system. Both control panels can control up to 128 cameras via a normal TCP/IP network. The SU-1000 on the left can serially connect up to 36 cameras, the first 12 directly and the rest via an external data delegation switch. Both control panels have the same access to all functions of the camera except the form factor of the RU-1500JY on the right is smaller to allow installation in space-restricted places. The SU-10000 does provide direct button access to many functions that are in MENU PAGES on the RU-1500JY touch-screen.
- The Real-time lens aberration compensation function is an important function in modern HDTV cameras that has now become critical in UHD-1 cameras. One of the concerns surrounding the use of 2/3-inch HDTV (2K) lenses on cameras having near 4K resolution is how will the chromatic aberrations be handled and corrected. In the HITACHI SK-UHD4000, the lens provides the multi-axis data to the camera and it then calculates the correction needed. Since the correction data is meant for a 2K raster, the camera calculates the compensation needed that is the equivalent for the larger 4K raster image.
- Once again, if we look at lateral aberrations of a lens, the worst performance can be expected in the last ¼ section closest to the edge of the lens. The Red line is error data supplied to the camera by the lens. The Blue line is correction data calculated by the camera. The lens error data is said to be ‘multi-dimensional’ because it takes into account the physical positions of the Focus, Zoom, Extender position and Iris. The correction takes place in real-time, automatically without user-intervention. The RLAC is a vast improvement but does not completely eliminate the lens chromatic aberration. Note that there are no electronic methods currently available to correct the lens’ longitudinal chromatic aberrations.
- Auto-chroma is yet another new function that deserves attention in new camera designs. It is provided in order to control excessive color modulation by aggressive matrixes like ITU-709. Unchecked, cool colors tend to over-saturate quickly and cause a visible distortion in some intense lighting situations. This typically happens with LED lighting. The function can be adjusted via menu to provide a natural picture under such situations. Furthermore, with the upcoming adoption of WCG [wide color gamut] standards; this function will become even more important in the control of incorrect color-space translations of older HDTV sets.
- The SKUHD000 camera system can be controlled via TCP/IP. Each CCU and control panel have an RJ45 connector for interface to the network. The system can handle up to 128 ports. No special hubs, switches or data adapters are needed to achieve this functionality. Regular ‘off-the-shelf’ data networking equipment can be used. Hitachi does not rely on power-over-Ethernet [PoE] since it presents a single point of failure that would disable camera control in the event of failure and all panels connected to the same switch or hub. With this control configuration, any CCU can be called up from any panel regardless of where it is located. As long as the panel knows the IP address of the CCU it is to connect to, it will seek, find and connect to it as long as it is on the same LAN or VLAN. This Ethernet network control adds cabling flexibilities previously unavailable with simple point-to-point serial data cabling.