1. 1
Schema, Metadata, DDL, DML and Data definitions are the foundation of
Universal Database Modeling Concepts (UDMC)

2. Universal Database Modeling Concepts (UDMC)
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 The core goal is to establish
industry standards for data
modeling that transcends the
target database syntax and
semantics.
 The standard should be
modeling tool agnostic.
 It should have universal
acceptance by the modeling
vendors.

3. Schema Entities (Tables versus Collections)
are common objects with different syntax
A database schema of a database system is its structure described in a formal language supported
by the database management system (DBMS) and refers to the organization of data as a blueprint
of how a database is constructed (divided into database tables in the case of Relational
Databases).
A database can be considered a structure in realization of the database language. The
states of a created conceptual schema are transformed into an explicit mapping, the database
schema. This describes how real world entities are modeled in the database.
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A database schema of a database system is its structure described in a formal language supported
by the database management system (DBMS) and refers to the organization of data as a blueprint
of how a database is constructed (divided into database collections in the case of NOSQL
Databases).

4. Metadata is “data about data”!
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Metadata describes the contents and context of data or data files, increasing
their usefulness.
 The main purpose of metadata is to facilitate in the discovery of relevant information, more
often classified as resource discovery.
 Metadata also helps organize electronic resources, provide digital identification, and helps
support archiving and preservation of the resource.
 Metadata assists in resource discovery by “allowing resources to be found by relevant criteria,
identifying resources, bringing similar resources together, distinguishing dissimilar resources,
and giving location information.”

5. Doesn’t DDL and DML works across SQL and NOSQL?
 The term data definition language or data description language (DDL) is
used in a generic sense to refer to any formal language for describing data or
information structures.
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A DDL is a syntax, similar to a computer programming language, for
defining data structures, especially database schemas.
 A data manipulation language (DML) is a family of syntax elements,
similar to a computer programming language, used for selecting,
inserting, deleting and updating data in a database. Performing read-
only queries of data is sometimes also considered a component of
DML.