Women Entrepreneurs And Social Incubators Essay

Women Entrepreneurs And Social Incubators Essay
In this chapter literature on women entrepreneurs and social incubators is discussed. It also explains the conceptual framework and conceptual map of
the study..
2.1 Concept of Women Entrepreneur
Women or a group of women who initiate, organize and operates a business enterprise is defined as Women Entrepreneurs'. The Government of India
has defined women entrepreneurs as an enterprise owned and controlled by women having a minimum financial interest of 51 per cent of the capital
and giving at least 51 per cent of the employment generated in the enterprise to women. "Women Entrepreneur" is a person who accepts challenging
role to meet her personal needs and become economically independent" (Meenu Goyal and Jai Prakash, 2011, pp. ). In India, these entrepreneurs are
part of the larger sustainable development strategy employed by the policymakers. Evidence shows that Women entrepreneurship has already
contributed to the economic growth across the world and women led enterprises are increasing in every country.. These enterprises also created a
large number of job opportunities in their respective economies. Apart from this, these enterprises also created new business solutions for the pressing
social problems.Further in whole enterprises scenario, number of enterprises owned by women is very less compared to men. Government of India
has implemented various schemes for development of such enterprises but impact is yet to be seen. Over the past few decades role of
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Women Entrepreneurs And Social Incubators
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
In this chapter literature on women entrepreneurs and social incubators is discussed. It also explains the conceptual framework and conceptual map of
the study..
2.1 Concept of Women Entrepreneur
Women or a group of women who initiate, organize and operates a business enterprise is defined as Women Entrepreneurs'. The Government of India
has defined women entrepreneurs as an enterprise owned and controlled by women having a minimum financial interest of 51 per cent of the capital
and giving at least 51 per cent of the employment generated in the enterprise to women. "Women Entrepreneur" is a person who accepts challenging
role to meet her personal needs and become economically independent" (Meenu Goyal and Jai Prakash, 2011, pp. [Gibve the page number.]). In India,
these entrepreneurs are part of the larger sustainable development strategy employed by the policymakers. Evidence shows that Women
entrepreneurship has already contributed to the economic growth across the world and women led enterprises are increasing in every country. These
enterprises also created a large number of job opportunities in their respective economies. Apart from this, these enterprises also created new business
solutions for the pressing social problems.Further in whole enterprises scenario, number of enterprises owned by women is very less compared to men.
Government of India has implemented various schemes for development of such enterprises but impact is yet to be

Status of Women Entrepreneurs in India
Status of Women Entrepreneurs in India
Miss Pooja, Lecturer Mr. Surinder Bhatia, Lecturer
SSIMT, Dinanagar SSIMT, Dinanagar
____________________________________________________________
______________________
Executive Summary
One primary objective of this paper is to find out the status of women entrepreneurs in India. In Hindu scriptures, woman has been described as the
embodiment of shakti. But in real life she is treated as Abla.. This paper includes rationale behind the women entrepreneurship. Another main objective
of this paper was to analyse policies of Indian government for women and also to analyse that are...show more content...
These women own textile mills, trucking firms, highway and construction firms, beauty parlours, drycleaning shops, photographic studios and dozens
of other businesses.
In India, women entrepreneurs constitute a negligible proportion of the total entrepreneurs. " the typical enterprises are the extension of kitchen
activities i.e. the 3 P's: Pickle, Powder, Papped or traditional cottage industries of basket making etc. in India women have contributed mainly in
household industries due to less technical know how required and little competition from men in these industries.
In recent survey of business women in Delhi and surrounding areas it was estimated that 40% of these entrepreneurs have ventured into non–traditional
areas such as electronics, engineering, consultancy etc.
The state of Kerla where the literacy among women is highest in India provides a good example of women entrepreneurship. As on march 1984, there
were 782 women's industrial units in Kerla, of these 592 were Proprietary concerns, 43 partnership concerns, 42 charitable institutions, 3 joint stock
companies and 102 cooperative societies.
According to a research study conducted in Tamil Nadu following are the businesses pursued by women entrepreneurs:–
Nature of Business

Women in Business Essay
The business world today is competitive. It's full of fierce, educated, and motivated people. For some people it's tough to rise to the top and for
some people it comes much easier. It's not always about hard work! One might ask for a map to the yellow brick road, but few people are ever
provided with it. Most people are stuck in an ocean making calculated guesses as to how they can reach land. Which route is the best? How much
school is enough? How many certificates of accreditation is enough? How much work experience is enough? All of us ask these questions attempting
to navigate our ships in a competitive world were only a few individuals ever get to their targeted career position. How many of those in leadership
positions are women?...show more content...
They're looking for direction from their top leadership. When we speak of top management the first thing that comes to mind is the CEO. If you had
to quickly name three CEO's off the top of your head who would they be? I'm sure many of you would have said Bill Gates, Steve Jobs, or Michael
Dell. There is an un–shocking statistic that the vast majority of people who hold top management positions are men.
Even for the average Joe it would be difficult to become a CEO of a billion dollar company. There are many more weeds women need to cut through
to reach the top of their respective fields. The list of challenges that women face are exponential. The following are what many would believe to be the
top three challenges. Women have faced discrimination towards their gender, their ability to be assertive, and some people say women don't have the
ability to take their employees to the next level.
Being discriminated against for being a woman is the most obvious challenge. If you think about the history of our country; it has only been about 90
years since women got the right to vote in 1920. In light of the election that just past I'm sure some of us still take those rights for granted. It has been
an uphill battle for women seeking equal treatment to men in the work place. Yet there is still gender discrimination apparent in today's workforce.
The people in the United States as well as many other countries

ISSUES AND CHALLENGES FOR WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN INDIA
S. BALASUBRAMANYAM*
Abstract
More than ever before, Change is the only constant in life, especially so in industry, and as a consequence, tremendous opportunities are opening up for
women entrepreneurs. It is true that the presence of women entrepreneurs is very low in India, but you can look at it as another great opportunity
riding on this all–pervasive change – and not as an obstacle toughening the entry barrier further for women in industry. Barely a decade ago, had few
people anticipated that the proportion of women in call centres and IT industry would rise to be what it is today? Similarly, women as entrepreneurs
can be a game changer and change the rules of the...show more content...
There is an urgent need for changing the attitude towards women to bestow equal rights as enshrined in the constitution. The progress towards
gender equality is slow and is partly due to the failure to attach money to policy commitments. In the words of former president Mr. APJ Abdul
Kalam, "empowering women is a prerequisite for creating a good nation, when women are empowered, society with stability is assured.
Empowerment of women is essential as their thoughts and their value systems lead to the development of a good family, good society and ultimately
a good nation." When a woman is empowered, it does not mean that another individual becomes powerless or is having less power. On the contrary, if
a women is empowered her competencies towards decision– making will surely influence her family's performance. In advanced countries, there is a
phenomenon of increase in the number of self– employed women after the world war second. In USA, women own 25% of all business, even though
their sales on an average are less than two–fifths of those of other small business. In Canada, women own one–third of small business; and, in France, it
is one–fifth.
Concept of Entrepreneur
The concept of entrepreneur can be well understood by Dr. APJ Kalam's portrayal of entrepreneur mentioned below: 1. Vision and pioneering spirit. 2.
Being able to see possibilities where others do not. 3. Always searching for new opportunities

Most Difficult Challenges Women Entrepreneurs Face (and How to Overcome Them) The Challenges Women Entrepreneurs Face It has been said that
women entrepreneurs are dealing with more challenges than their male counterparts. Paula Fernandes wrote a very insightful article about it.
Absolutely, women empowerment is more recognized in our modern world today. These are the things you have to know about women entrepreneurs
of today, their struggles, their strategies, and their success. Entrepreneurship was once considered a man 's domain, but the tide has shifted: More than
9 million U.S. firms are now owned by women, employing nearly 8 million people and generating $1.5 trillion in sales, according to 2015 data from
the National Association of Women Business Owners. Although more women are becoming entrepreneurs, they often face a set of challenges not
typically shared by their male counterparts. To shed light on some of these disparities, female CEOs spoke with Business News Daily about the key
challenges women entrepreneurs face and how to overcome them. 1. Defying social expectations Most female business owners who have attended
networking events can relate to this scenario: You walk into a crowded seminar and can count the number of women there on one hand. When women
entrepreneurs have to talk business with primarily male executives, it can be unnerving. In this sort of situation, women may feel as though they need
to adopt a stereotypically "male" attitude toward

Case Study Of Women Entrepreneurship
Women Entrepreneurship– A Case Study Of Mysore District
In this dynamic world women too have a significant role to play. They are the builder of any nation. They are psychologically stronger than men and
they are the sources of inspiration and encouragement behind every successful man but unfortunately blind beliefs and negligence of this society have
made them to cover up their talents, skills and capabilities. But today's expensive life style has forced women folk to come out of the four walls of
their sweet homes and new challenges have brought women force to job market. Women are gradually sinking in to the competitive and business world
to enhance the financial status of their families.
The notion of Economic empowerment of women...show more content...
Entrepreneurship of women creates an opportunity for well–educated and well trained youth to improve their carrier ,enhance the capabilities and also
to improve financial condition. It has helped them to meet various challenges and has brought them to the top of the social hierarchy. Government of
India has also introduced various schemes such as Rural and Women Entrepreneurship Development Programme, Women's Development Cooperations,
Marketing of Non–Farm Products of Rural Women, Trade Related Entrepreneurship Assistance And Development, India Mahila Yojana etc. to promote
a conducive business environment and to support the entrepreneurial initiatives among women.
Objectives
The present study is based on the following objectives. They are,
To study the factors responsible for the growth of women entrepreneurship
To analyze the demographic profile of woman entrepreneurship of study area
To understand the perceptions of woman entrepreneurs regarding their business activities.
Methodology
50 Women are selected on the basis of random sampling technique in Mysore city. The available data are collected through primary data. Secondary
data are collected from books, journals, working papers, magazines etc. Structured questionnaire method is used to gather information from woman
entrepreneurs. Tabulation and simple percentage method is used to analyze the available data.
Reasons for opting entrepreneurship by

Women Entrepreneur In India–An Overview About Growth And Various Problems faced by them.
ABSTRACT: Over the last few decades there has been a slow but steady change taking place with respect to the growth of women. Now a days
Women 's are actively participate in employment sector and its leads to set up their own enterprise and they become a job providers. Women
entrepreneur is a person who accepts a difficult role and ready to faces day to day problems to meet her personal and economical needs .This paper
reveals that women entrepreneur growth rate in southern states and various problems faced by them.
KEYWORDS: Women entrepreneur, growth rate , economical needs.
INTRODUCTION:
Entrepreneur defined as an individual who organizes or operates a business or businesses. Entrepreneurs play very important role in socio–economic
welfare of the country. The Government ofIndia has defined women entrepreneurs based on women participation in equity and employment of a
business enterprise. Accordingly, a women enterprise is defined as "an enterprise is owned and controlled by a women having a minimum financial
interest of 51% of the capital and giving at least 51% of the employment generated in the enterprise to women". A women entrepreneur is one who starts
business and manages it independently and tactfully, takes all the risks, faces the challenges boldly with an level will to succeed. Entrepreneurship of
Women development is an essential part of human resource.

IMPACT OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS ON SOCIETY
PRESENT STATUS, GROWTH AND IMPACT OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS
Abstract
Women constitute around half of the total world population. So is in India also. They are therefore, regarded as the better half of the society. In
traditional societies they were confined to the four walls of houses performing house hold activities. In modern society they have come out of the four
walls to participate in all sort of activities. The Indian women are no more treated as beautiful showpieces. They are also enjoying the fruit of
globalization marking an influence on the domestic and international sphere. They have carved a niche for themselves in the male dominated world.
Indian women well manage both burden of work...show more content...
The family members and the society are reluctant to stand beside their entrepreneurial growth. To a certain extent, this situation is changing among
Indian women and yet to face a tremendous change to increase the rate of growth in entrepreneurship.
b)Socio–cultural barriers – Women's family and personal obligations are sometimes a great barrier for succeeding in business career. Only few women
are able to manage both home and business efficiently, devoting enough time to perform all their responsibilities in priority
c)Market–oriented risks – Stiff competition in the market and lack of mobility of women make the dependence of women entrepreneurs on middleman
indispensable. They are not fully aware of the changing market conditions and hence can effectively utilize the services of media and internet.
d)Knowledge in Business Administration – Women must be educated and trained constantly to acquire the skills and knowledge in all the functional
areas of business management. This can facilitate women to excel in decision making process and develop a good business network
e)Awareness about the financial assistance – Various institutions in the financial sector extend their maximum support in the form of incentives, loans,
schemes etc. Even then every woman entrepreneur may not be aware of all the assistance provided by the institutions.
f)Identifying the available resources – Women are hesitant to find out

Vamadevan Ganesh
Fall 2014
Dowling College
Term Paper
On
Indra Nooyi, CEO , PepsiCo
11/04/14
There are many successful female entrepreneurs, in today's corporate world. Some are successful in making their company profitable by focusing
on market demand. Some are focused more on its employees and the environment. There are quite a few who give equal importance to its
employees and the environment at the same time catering to market needs thereby satisfying investors. IBM Chairwoman Rometty, General Motors
CEO Barra and Indra Nooyi of PepsiCo are a few who were named as the most powerful business women by Fortune Press. Out of these I chose Indra
Nooyi as my favorite leader because she is an inspiration to me and my two daughters, and to the entire world, because of her great leadership qualities.
Mrs.Indra Nooyi was born and raised in a middle class family from Southern India. She started her career as a Manager in a British firm after her
Management education from Indian Institute Of Management, Calcutta, India. Her interest in the field of Management got her into Yale school of
Management. Her approach to critical issues and excellent problem solving skills was soon realized by the corporate world, specifically by PepsiCo
which was struggling to compete with Coca–Cola in the early 90's. PepsiCo appointed her as the senior vice–president, corporate strategy and
development in 1994 and named her president and CFO in 2001. Since then she

Why Women Empowerment And Entrepreneurs
Why women empowerment and entrepreneurs
Swami Vivekananda, one of the greatest sons of
India, quoted that, "There is no chance for the welfare of the world unless the condition of women is improved, It is not possible for a bird to fly on
only one wing. "
Therefore, inclusion of "Women Empowerment' as one of the prime goals in the eight Millennium Development Goals underscores the relevance of this
fact. Thus, in order to achieve the status of a developed country, India needs to transform its colossal women force into an effective human resource and
this is possible only through the empowerment of women.
Economic empowerment is the first step towards political empowerment and beyond. Economic empowerment should enable woman to take greater
financial risks, greater standards of development and more access to resources; it is not merely a marginal increase in income.
However, if economic empowerment has to translate into substantial change in power relations, the socio–political empowerment should take place
simultaneously. HE Tebelelo Seretse Ambassador of Botswana to the united state said that when you empower a man, you empower an individual,
when you empower a woman you empower the nation. It is perfect statement because a nation's competitiveness in the long term depends on how it
educate ,trains and equips its women power potential talent base by providing them the same rights ,responsibilities and opportunities as others.
Empowering women worldwide and investing
in

Role of Women Entrepreneur
ROLE OF INDIAN WOMEN ENTREPENEUR
IN
NEW MILLENEIUM
(CASE STUDY– LUDHIANA METRO CITY OF PUNJAB) Jagdeep Singh& Poonam Arora
Lecturer,
B.G.I.E.T &B.G.I.M.T., Sangrur
INTRODUCTION: – "Women" as Entrepreneurs in India:
"You can tell the condition of a nation by looking at the status of its women"
–Jawaharlal Nehru.
Till the turn of the century, man has enjoyed a dominant position. But as technology speeds up lives in the new millennium, Women Entrepreneurs has
come up with challenging role to meet her personal needs and become economically independent.The challenges and opportunities provided to the
women of digital era are growing rapidly that the job seekers of yesterday are turning into job...show more content...
Even more important, the expansion in revenues and employment has far exceeded the growth in numbers. With the emergence and growth of their
businesses, they have contributed to the global economy and to their surrounding communities.
Women Entrepreneur' is a person who accepts challenging role to meet her personal needs and become economically independent. A strong desire to
do something positive is an inbuilt quality of entrepreneurial women, who is capable of contributing values in both family and social life. With the
advent of media, women are aware of their own traits, rights and also the work situations. The glass ceilings are shattered and women are found
indulged in every line of business from pappad to power cables. Women–owned businesses span the entire range of business life cycle and business
success, whether the measuring stick is revenue, employment or longevity.
OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY
To portray a profile of women entrepreneurs;
To identify problems associated with women in setting up and running their enterprises.

To document existing policies, programmes, institutional networks and the involvement of support agencies in promoting women's entrepreneurship.
To explore gender differences in entrepreneurial characteristics;
To explore the Strategies to promote Women Entrepreneur
To study the reasons for being in business i. e. motivational factors
To study the attitude of family and society towards women entrepreneurs

Traits of Successful Women Entrepreneurs.
It is general belief in our society that role of women is restricted in four walls of home or for mainly household activities. Economy of any country
can't boom without contributing women. The growing industrialization, urbanization and social legislation and with the spread of education and
awareness women have shifted from kitchen to higher level of professional activities. Today's women are taking more and more professional and
technical degrees to cope up with market need.The position of women and their position is any society is an index of its civilization. Women are to be
considered as equal partner in the process of development.
Researchers have known since the 1970s that female entrepreneurs are motivated by a desire for...show more content...
They read industrial journals, books and magazines. They attend seminars and update themselves regularly with the latest industrial trend. Successful
female entrepreneurs know that their cup is never full; they know that they don 't have the right answers to all questions. So they humble themselves
and learn when availed the opportunity.
5. Ability to handle criticism
Show me a business woman who hasn't been criticized and I will show you an average woman. Successful women entrepreneurs were able to achieve
success because they refused to be bugged down by negative comments. From Oprah Winfrey and Rachael Ray to Martha Stewart; they have all been
criticized heavily. If you are an individual that listens to other people's opinion before taking action; then your success will be limited.
6. Persistence
Another trait possessed by successful women entrepreneurs is persistence. Starting a business is one thing; but sticking to the entrepreneurial process
is another. Nothing good comes easy; you must give a good fight and persist on what you want; if you are to really achieve success in the business
world. Without persistence, I don't think you can become a successful business woman.
7. Dream
The most successful women entrepreneurs are those who "dream big"–they see themselves succeeding financially, managing large staffs and running
businesses that have

Theme No. 7 Capacity building for encashing technological options and Entrepreneurial Opportunities
Role of Women Entrepreneurs in Agricultural Development: Problems and Prospects
Dr. C.S Arneja and Gaganpreet Kaur
Dept. of Extension Education
Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana.
ABSTRACT
The emergence of entrepreneurs in agriculture and allied activities can propel our rural population into self sustaining individuals, who in turn can
catalyze the development of economy. The concepts of entrepreneur and entrepreneurship have been frequently applied to industrial sector. Agriculture,
on the other hand, has largely been viewed as non–entrepreneurial traditional activity. For rural folk it is a way for life. Hence farmers were never
...show more content...
Indian women business owners are changing the face of businesses of today, both literally and figuratively. The dynamic growth and expansion of
women–owned businesses is one of the defining trends of the past decade, and all indications are that it will continue unabated. For more than a decade,
the number of women–owned businesses has grown at one–and–a–half to two times the rate of all businesses. Even more important, the expansion in
revenues and employment has far exceeded the growth in numbers.
The various types of women entrepreneurs are:
Women entrepreneurs in organized & unorganized sector
Women entrepreneurs in traditional & modern industries
Women entrepreneurs in urban & rural areas
Women entrepreneurs in large scale and small scale industries.
Single women and joint venture entrepreneurs.
Different categories of women entrepreneurs in practice in India are:

Category–I
– Established in big cities
– Having higher level technical & professional qualifications
– Non traditional Items
– Sound financial positions
Category–II
– Established in cities and towns
– Having sufficient education
– Both traditional and non traditional items
– Undertaking women services–kindergarten, crГЁches, beauty parlors, health clinic etc
Category–III
– Illiterate women
– Financially week
– Involved in family business such as Agriculture, Horticulture, Animal Husbandry, Dairy, Fisheries, Agro Forestry, Handloom, Power loom etc.
Status of

A Study On Female Entrepreneurs
Chapter 1 Introduction
The main aim of this study is to explore how female entrepreneurs have managed to open new ventures and also coping with the entrepreneurial system
in the UK. Initially, women want to be part of the entrepreneurship activities and studies shows that the rate of women entrepreneurs is increasing
(Brush et al, 2006). Gender discrimination is no longer a taboo in this twentieth century (Butler, 2003).
1.1Research background
In today's business world, entrepreneurship is fundamental for the whole society and businesses (Blundel and Lockett, 2011). There is a considerable
interest in entrepreneurial activity worldwide including the United Kingdom. Between 2010 and the start of 2015, UK experienced up to 36% increase
...show more content...
This was 19% higher than the same period in 2008, compared with growth of only 4% in the number of self–employed men (Kelley, 2012) However,
this is due to women achieving in education extraordinarily over the last few decades. Women constantly overtake men in terms of college enrolment
and receive 50% more master's degrees than men do. Among the youngest workers, those eighteen to thirty–two, female are now far more likely to
obtain a bachelor's degrees than male (Robb et al, 2014).
1.3Economic growth
The Global Entrepreneurship (GEM), 2011 reports a significant increase in the number of entrepreneurship in 54 countries, creating positive
expectations and development for the future. Therefore, it is a must to make additional research as the scope and involvement of Female
Entrepreneurship as a societal and economical phenomenon is certain. Women entrepreneurship is as important for the economy of the country in
addition to innovation economic growth, job creation and renewal through diversity (Ahl, 2006) However, in the UK, an additional 150,000
businesses would be created if rates of women's business ownership equalled those of men and an additional 900,000 if UK rates equaled those in the
US (Verheul et al, 2006).
1.4 Project aim and objectives

Main Aim:
To assess how women entrepreneurs are

Abstract
Increasing numbers of women are becoming leaders of their own businesses, and many are struggling to achieve success. A growing body of theory
and research is exploring how different women come to business ownership, their unique leadership challenges and strategies for success, their personal
change and the processes of leadership development they experience. This paper reviews literature addressing women business owners from the general
perspective of understanding their leadership. Within this frame, existing studies of women business owners are classified and examined according to
four themes that appear to be most prominent. These four themes are (1) Women business owners' characteristics and development; (2) Women's
...show
more content...
Qualitative studies in the past five years have indicated contested issues related to values, identity and the meaning of leadership emerging in this trend
of women business ownership (Gay, 1997; Robertson, 1997; Thrasher and Smid, 1998). For example, women don't always accept the dominant formula
that success equals money and power. Women who start their own business sometimes do so to craft a new way of working, and many continue to
fight barriers related to traditional constructs of economic power and expectations. Many women business owners claim that the whole experience
changes them profoundly.
The purpose of this paper is first to provide a critical overview of selected literature exploring women's small business ownership, and second to pose
questions arising from the existing literature to guide further research and theorizing about women's leadership in small business contexts. In her 1992
review of existing literature, Brush concluded that women's business leadership cannot be understood using traditional (male–oriented) frameworks of
business analysis. She writes, "Significant differences have been found in reasons for business start–up, educational background, work experience and
business skills . . . business

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