Project-Pool

Rory Conlon; Aidan Conroy; Paul Derwin; M127/01/15
Sustainable Swimming Pool
Popular Sustainable Energy Sources
1. Solar
• Thermal or PV
2. Wind Turbine
3. Heat Pumps
• Geothermal or Air to Water
4. Biomass

Solar Power
Thermal or Photovoltaic
• Requires only sunshine
(Thermal requires some electrical power for pump)
• Effective in both Winter & Summer
• Sunshine unpredictable and
infrequent
• Only operates during daylight hours

Wind Turbines
Mast Mounted Rotary Blade
• Requires only wind power
• Effective in both Winter & Summer
• Wind power predictable and frequent
• Can operate 24 hours a day

Heat Pumps
Geothermal or Air to Water
• Requires an electrical supply
(fossil fuel powered)
• More effective in Summer than
Winter
• COP ratings not sufficient to justify
operating cost
• Cost of electricity currently linked to
cost of fossil fuels

Biomass
Wood Chip or Wood Pellet
• Requires a renewable source of fuel
(CO emissions still present)
• Harvesting, preparing and supplying
fuel requires fossil fuel powered
equipment - Cost of fuel linked to
fossil fuel costs
• Large fuel storage area required

Aim
Reduce reliance on fossil fuels
Provide reliable source of energy
Solution
Combined benefits of sustainable systems

+ =
SOLAR WIND ENERGY
Combination of Solar and Wind Energy
Efficient Solar Thermal Water Heating
+
Consistency of Wind Energy

Energy Storage
Turbine Electric Heating Layer
Solar Water Heating Layer
Insulating Layer
Air Ducts

Basic Operation - Solar

Basic Operation – Wind Turbine

Basic Operation -Air Handling
Fresh Air Intake Return Air Intake Supply Air Exhaust Air
Mechanical Ventilation System
Dampers to control Air Changes, Air Temperature and
Humidity via BMS Controls
Heater Battery

Operating Strategy
Wind Turbines
heat thermal store
to 55o
C Max
Solar Panels heat
thermal store to
55o
C Max
Air Circulation
through ducts
reduce top of
thermal store
temperature to
35o
C
35o
C
55o
C
55o
C
30o
C
Remaining heat to
maintain water
temp at approx
30o
C

Calculations
Monthly kWh required to maintain pool temp based on
heatloss of 1o
C per day
60000
62000
64000
66000
68000
70000
72000
74000
Jan
M
ar
M
ay
Jul
Sep
N
ov
Energy

Calculations for Thermal Store
Insulated Concrete Slab 1.2 m thick underneath pool
Heat applied to centre of slab (0.5m below pool)
•Thermal Conductivity of Concrete = 2.2 W/mK
•Thermal Resistance of Concrete = 0.5/2.2 = 0.23m2
K/W
•U Value of Concrete = 1/0.23 = 4.45W/m2
•Total heat transfer from the pool base is Ф = U x A x ΔT
•Ф = 4.45 x 20 x 50 x 1 = 4.45kW

Total heat Input = 97.22kW to thermal store
Heat is applied to the total area of the pool base
at a rate of 4.45kW per o
C of differential
temperature
The temperature reduces across the concrete by
a total of (97.22/4.45) = 22o
C.
To maintain the pool temperature, the centre of
the concrete slab will need to be (30 + 22) = 55o
C

97.22 kW
Thermal Store
POOL
55o
C
30o
C

Wind Power
Average Annual Wind Speed Data
Max 6.2
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Jan
M
ar
M
ay
Jul
Sep
N
ov
ms-1
Min 4.12

Wind Power
Wind Turbine Performance DataPowerOutputkW
Wind Speed ms-1
U50 Operating Band
50 to 150 kW

Wind Power
Projected Wind Turbine Output Data
PowerOutputkW
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
Jan
M
ar
M
ay
Jul
Sep
N
ov
U50
U54
U57

Wind Power
Wind Turbine Output vs Input RequiredkWh
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
90000
100000Jan
M
ar
M
ay
Jul
Sep
N
ov
Heat Reqd
U50

Solar Power
Average Solar Radiation (J/cm2
)
J/cm2
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000Jan
M
ar
M
ay
Jul
Sep
N
ov
Solar Rad

Solar Power
Solar Panel Output vs Input Required
400 Solar Panels
at 30o
Elevation
kWh
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
90000
Jan
M
ar
M
ay
Jul
Sep
N
ov
400 x Solar

Solar + Wind Power
Solar + Wind Output vs Input Required
kWh
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
Jan
M
ar
M
ay
Jul
Sep
N
ov
Heat Reqd
Total In

Cost of Energy Harvesting
Unit
Required
Max kW
Required
Units
Required
Cost / kW Total
U-50 700 1 €1000 €700,000
Total Cost = €860,000
Panel Area Area
Required
Panels
Required
Unit Cost Total
2.0m2
800m2
400 €400 €160,000
WIND
SOLAR
Additional required for installation and controls?

Cost of Fuel
Extract from SEAI Fuel Cost Comparison
Cheapest Gas Tariff = 2.49 cent per kWh
Cheapest Fuel – Coal
Delivered Cost = 0.71 cent per kWh

Equivalent Cost of Gas
Based on the same energy requirement
at a Combustion Efficiency of 95%
Total Annual cost of Gas @ 2.49 cent/kWh = €22,322.00
1600
1650
1700
1750
1800
1850
1900
Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov
Gas
€

Gas vs Renewables
Approx Cost of
Renewables
Annual Cost of
Gas @ 2.49c/kWh
Equivalent Years
of Gas
€860k €22,322 38
Assuming the cost of Gas Boiler = Installation cost of Renewables
Life Expectancy of Wind Turbine = 20 years
Life Expectancy of Solar Panels - indefinite

Scale of Project
3D Scale Model of individual components
Pool
Pool Building
+ Solar Panels
U-50 Wind Turbine

Conclusions
 Advantages of Renewables
–“Free Energy”
–Reduced Carbon Footprint
–Low Maintenance
–Relatively Predictable
–Cost Assured following installation

Conclusions
 Disadvantages of Renewables
–Capital Cost of Installation
–Planning Restrictions
–Turbine Noise
–Back-up required
–Payback period equals service life

References & Acknowledgements
SEAI (Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland)
MET Eireann
Cement Roadstone Holdings
Unison Wind Turbines
www.irishpvandwind.ie
www.lightbucket.com
www.brighthub.com
www.weibull.com

Project-Pool

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