Entrepreneurship business notes for SMes

1. CREATIVITY AND INNOVATION
SENDAWULA KASIMU
BESBM (MAK), PGDBE (MUBS), MS.
ENT (MAK)

2. CONTENT
• Définition of Creativity
• Méthods of Creativity
• Qualities of individual; Influence and Inhibit
creativity
• Qualities of the environment; Influence and Inhibits
creativity
• Creativity processes

3. CREATIVITY
• Is the production of novel and useful ideas by an
individual or small group of individuals working
together.
• Ability to come up with ideas that are new, surprising
and valuable.
• Seeing things that everyone around us sees while
making connections that no one else has made.

4. CONT…
• A process or change from what is and has been to
what might be.
• The entire process by which ideas are generated,
developed, and transformed into value.

5. METHODS OF CREATIVITY
• Evolution. Improving on what is existing – 90%
• Revolution. New ideas that change the
perspectives of life.
• Re-application. Bring back old ideas to solve
current needs.
• Synthesis or combination. Combine ideas from
different fields to get better.
• Changing direction. Having a flexible mind.

6. CREATIVITY PROCESS
PRESENTATION OF THE TASK OR PROBLEM;
• Identify the task OR problem, individual must have
the interest in the task.
• The individual or someone else poses the problem.
• Problem OR tasks are Internally or externally posed.

7. PREPARATION
• Individual or the team prepares to generate the
solution.
• The individual reactive a store of information
relevant to the problem or task.
• People with less knowledge, new to the field about
the problem produce creative ideas than those with
more knowledge and have experience in the field.

8. IDEA GENERATION
• The individual develops different ideas about the
problem.
• Both creativity and motivation skills are relevant at
this stage.
• Task motivation; if intrinsic better than extrinsic.

9. IDEA VALIDATION
• Test all the ideas to get the best that can solve the
problem to attain the set goal.
• Determining the appropriateness or correctness,
usefulness or value of the idea.
• This depends on the individual’s knowledge & skills.

10. OUTCOME ASSESSMENT
• The outcome of the individual creative process
influence task motivation.
• If complete success has been achieved, there will be
no need to undertake exactly the same task again
because the task has been truly completed.
• This leads promotes a feeling of efficacy and increase
motivation for creativity.

11. QUALITIES OF INDIVIDUAL THAT INFLUENCE
CREATIVITY
• Various personality traits. Persistence, curiosity, energy,
and intellectual honesty
• Self motivation; self driven, excited by the work itself,
enthusiastic, attracted by the challenge of the problem,
belief in or commitment to the idea.
• Special cognitive abilities. Special talents in the problem
solver’s particular field as well as general problem solving
abilities and tactics for creative thinking.

12. CONT…
• Risk orientation. Unconventional, attracted to challenge,
oriented towards taking risk and doing things differently.
• Expertise in the area. Talent, experience and acquired
knowledge in the particular field.
• Qualities of the group. Synergy arising from the
intellectual, personal and social qualities of the individual
making up the team.

13. QUALITIES THAT INHIBIT CREATIVITY
• Unmotivated. Lack of motivation for the work, not being
challenged by the problem, having a pessimistic attitude
towards the likely outcome, lazy.
• Unskilled. Lack of ability or experience in the problem
area.
• Inflexible. Being set in one’s own education or training.
• Externally motivated. Being motivated by primarily by
money and recognition, jealous of some else’s success.

14. CONT…
• Socially unskilled. Lack of social and political skills. Like
being a poor team player.
• Diverse experience. Broad general knowledge and
experience in a wide range of domain.
• Social skills. Good social and political skills, good rapport
with others, being a good listener and a good team
player and open to others’ ideas.

15. CONT…
• Brilliance. A high level of general intelligence.
• Naiveté. Being naïve or new to the field, note biased
by old ways of doing things.

16. QUALITIES OF THE ENVIRONMENT THAT
INFLUENCE CREATIVITY
• Freedom. In deciding what to do or how to accomplish
the task. Operational autonomy i.e. day to days’ conduct
of one’s work.
• Good project management. A manager that serves as a
good role mode is good communication skills, matches
tasks with workers interests and talents.
• Sufficient resources. Facilities, equipment, information,
funds and people.

17. CONT..
• Encouragement. Management encouraging new ideas,
creating an atmosphere free of threatening evaluation.
• Various organizational characteristics. An atmosphere
where innovation is praised and failure is not fatal.
• Recognition. A general sense that creative work will
receive appropriate feedback, recognition and reward.

18. CONT….
• Sufficient time. Time to think creatively about the
problem.
• Challenge. A sense of challenge arise from Interesting
nature of the problem itself.
• Pressure. A sense of urgency that is internally generated
from competition with outside organization

19. QUALITIES OF THE ENVIRONMENT THAT
INHIBIT CREATIVITY
• Various organization characteristics. Inappropriate
reward system, excessive red tap, little rewards for
innovation.
• Constraint. Lack of freedom for deciding what to do or
how to accomplish the tasks.
• Organization disinterest. Lack of organization support,
interest or faith in the project.

20. CONT…
• Poor project management. Manager unable to set clear
direction with poor communication and social skills.
• Evaluation. Inappropriate evaluation and feedback
systems and an environment focused on criticism.
• Insufficient resources. Facilities, materials, people, funds
and equipment.

21. CONT…
• Time pressure. Insufficient time to thinks about the
problem creatively.
• Fear of managers to change.
• Competition. Interpersonal or intergroup.

22. INNOVATION
• Innovation involves putting the ideas into practice in
away that adds value.
• It is also the successful development, implementation
and use of new or significantly improved products,
processes, services or organizational forms.
• Successful exploitation of new ideas.

23. TYPES OF INNOVATION
• Product innovation
• Process innovation
• Marketing innovation
• Organizational innovation

24. INNOVATION PROCESS
• This includes the activities performed during innovation. They
include;
1) Initiation of the process. That is Search for the source of
the problem.
2) Generation of alternative proposals
3) Evaluation of the alternative innovation proposals
4) Selection of the best alternative proposal
5) Acceptance and routinization

25. FACTORS THAT ENCOURAGE INNOVATION
• Top management support
• Team work and collaboration
• Decentralized approval process
• Valuing the ideas of every employee
• Excellent communication
• Innovation grants and time off to pursue the project
• Large rewards for successful ideas

26. FACTORS THAT INHIBIT INNOVATION
• Delay in decision making
• Conservation
• Absence of management support
• Difficult approval process
• Attention given to ideas of some members
• Close door system
• Inadequate resources
• Hash penalties for failure

27. DRIVERS OF INNOVATION IN AN
ORGANIZATION
• Financial pressure to
reduce costs. Through
increased efficiency i.e.
do more with less
• Increased competition
• Shorter product life cycle
• Technology improvement.
• Stricter regulations
• Increased demand for
accountability
• Demographic, social and
market changes
• Rising customer
expectation

28. THANK YOU FOR
LISTENING