This slide is for TLE subject

1. Measurements and
Calculations

2. Determining Medications
Dosing Pediatrics
3 FACTORS MUST BE KEPT IN MIND:
AGE, WEIGHT and CLINICAL CONDITION
1. AGE – pediatrics can be subdivided into
categories (newborn, infants, toodlers,
children and adolescents) in which a
standard or linear dose according to the
kind of medication is selected.

3. 2. WEIGHT – medications in pediatrics is
calculated according to the patients’s
weight with the use of this: mg/kg/dose
3. CLINCAL CONDTIONS – medicines are
sometimes dosed according to the clinical
presentation of the pediatric patient.
Dosing can be adjusted according to the
renal function of the pediatric patient
whereas smaller dose is imperative.

4. Rectal Medications Dosing
ORectal Medicines are dosed
according to age, weight, and
indications of the medicine.

5. Safety practices in Administrating
Medicines to Children
1. Use a calculator in computing dosage.
2. Always read the leaflet accompanying the
medicine. This is found inside the package.
3. Follow the steps in mixing oral drugs that
come on suspension form carefully or you
can request the pharmacist to do it for you.
4. Record child’s weight in kilogram so it
comes in handy when needed.
5. A common method of calculating dosage for
children is the Body Surface Area (BSA)
method

6. Remember the rules in
calculating dosage:
1. Use correct units of measure to avoid
errors.
2. Pay attention to the correct placement of
your decimals when making your
computations.
3. Always check and recheck your
computations.

7. A. MEASUREMENT AND
CALCULATIONS IN MEAL/DIET
PREPARATIONS
Measuring the energy value of food
The energy value of food is derived from
three major nutrients: CARBOHYDRATES,
FATS and PROTEIN. (kcal.)
1 gram of carbohydrates 4kcal
1 gram of fats 9kcal
1 gram of protein 4kcal

8. B. CALCULATING YOUR DESIRABLE
BODY WEIGHT (DBW)
TANHAUSERS’ METHOD
1. Convert your height in centimeter if it is
in feet and inches. First convert feet to
inches by multiplying your feet by 12
then add up all inches and multiplying by
2.54 cm. One inch is equal to 2.54 cm.
2. Height in centimeters subtract from
factor: 160cm – 100 = 60kg.
3. Subtract 10% to adjust to filipino weight
standard.

9. O ADOR DIONISIO’S METHOD
For the first 5 ft. in height, allow 100-105lbs for
females and 105-110lbs for males. Add 5lb for
every additional inch.
If your height is 5’4” and your gender is female,
then:
5’ = 105lb
4” x 5 = 20lb
DBW = 125lb

10. Estimating your total energy
needs
METHOD 1
Classify yourself according to the type of
activities you engaged in. (see chart.)
COMPUTATION
DBW x FACTOR (Type activity)
DBW of an adult male is 50kg and the type
of activity he is engaged in is moderated
(40)
Therefore: 50 x 40 = 2 000 kcal/day

11. FACTORIAL METHOD
In this method, the total of energy or calorie needs
of an individual is based on his/her basal
metabolism, physical activity, and thermal effect of
food or SDA (specific dynamic action of food)
1. Basal metabolism refers to the energy spent by
the body for involuntary activities such as
heartbeat, blood circulation, respiration, muscle
toning, and glandular activity. Also called
resting energy expenditure (REE)
IF an adult male has a DBW of 55kg, his BMR is
55 x 1 x 24 = 1 320 kcal

12. 2. TYPE OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY – The
practical approach to estimating calorie
expenditure for physical activities is as follows
(see table chart)
An adult male has a DBW of 55kg. His BMR is
1276 calories. He engages in moderately active
activities = 1 000 cal.
so, BMR + PA = 1276 + 1000 = 2276 cal

13. 3. Specific Dynamic Action of Food (SDA) 10% of
(BMR + PA)
SDA = 2276 x 0.10 = 227.6 or 228.
Total Calorie Allowance per Day is BMR + PA +
SDA
Substitue:
1276 + 1000 + 228 = 2504 calories/ day

14. C. Estimating Calories for a
Patient’s Meal/Diet
1. Cereals and Products
2. Vegetables and Products
3. Fruits and Products
4. Meat and Other Animal Products
5. Fish and other aquatic animals
6. Miscellaneous Products

15. THANK YOU!