Gynecomastia is often due to an imbalance of testosterone and estrogen hormones. It is an increase in the amount of breast gland tissue in boys or men. Gynecomastia can affect one or both breasts, sometimes unevenly. Genetic disorder Malnutrition Testicular cancer Aging Disorder of testes causes: Genetic disorder Malnutrition Testicular cancer Aging Disorder of testes S/S Pain, particularly in adolescents Swollen breast tissue Breast tenderness Nipple discharge in one or both breasts

1. GYNECOMASTIA
PREPARED BY:
MS. VEDANTI PATEL
ASSI. PROFESSOR

2. GYNECOMASTIA
• Gynecomastia is often due to an imbalance of testosterone and
estrogen hormones.
• It is an increase in the amount of breast gland tissue in boys or men.
• Gynecomastia can affect one or both breasts, sometimes unevenly.

3. CAUSES
• Genetic disorder
• Malnutrition
• Testicular cancer
• Aging
• Disorder of testes

4. SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
• Pain, particularly in adolescents
• Swollen breast tissue
• Breast tenderness
• Nipple discharge in one or both breasts

5. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
• Blood tests
• Mammograms
• Computerized tomography (CT) scans
• Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans
• Testicular ultrasounds
• Tissue biopsies

6. MANAGEMENT
• Liposuction. This surgery removes breast fat but not the breast gland
tissue itself
• Mastectomy. This type of surgery removes the breast gland tissue.
The surgery is often done using only small incisions. This less
invasive type of surgery involves less recovery time.

7. MALE BREAST CANCER
• Breast cancer is a disease in which abnormal cells in the breast grow
out of control.
• Breast cancer occurs mainly in women, but men can get it, too.
• Cells in nearly any part of the body can become cancer and can spread
to other areas.

8. CAUSES
• Older age
• Exposure to estrogen
• Family history of breast cancer
• Severe alcohol consumption
• Klinefelter's syndrome
• Liver disease: Certain conditions, such as cirrhosis of the liver, can reduce
male hormones and increase female hormones, increasing your risk of
breast cancer.
• Obesity
• Testicle disease or surgery: Having inflamed testicles (orchitis) or surgery to
remove a testicle (orchiectomy) can increase your risk of male breast
cancer.

9. TYPES OF BREAST CANCER
• Cancer that begins in the milk ducts (ductal carcinoma): Nearly all
male breast cancer is ductal carcinoma.
• Cancer that begins in the milk-producing glands (lobular
carcinoma): This type is rare in men because they have few lobules in
their breast tissue.
• Other types of cancer: Other, rarer types of breast cancer that can
occur in men include the nipple and inflammatory breast cancer.

10. SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS
• A painless lump or thickening in breast tissue
• Changes to the skin covering breast, such as dimpling, puckering,
redness or scaling
• Changes to nipple, such as redness or scaling, or a nipple that begins
to turn inward
• Discharge from nipple

11. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
• H.C
• P.E
• Blood test
• Imagine test
• Biopsy
• Breast examination

12. TREATMENT
• Chemotherapy
• Radiation therapy
• Immunotherapy
• Mastectomy