This is overview about the individual chapter in sociology subject in nursing. This is very helpful for the nursing students for easy and quick learning. All the best for my side all the students of medical lines.

1. Topic
of
Presentation
The Individual
By
Paras Monga
B Pharm, Pharm D (PB)

2. INTRODUCTION
– Man is a social animal and society is formed by
individuals. The relationship between man and
group can not be denied

3. Organismic Theory
– According to this theory, just like a body is made up of cells, society is made up
of individuals.
– As the life cycle of an individual, the made up of society also has birth,
disorganization and death.
– Both have system for control. In individual, nervous system and in the society,
administration and other agencies take care of control like a human body. The
society also has transportation and communication system.
– According to some sociologist, there are several defects in the theory.
– Like a person, there is no definite birth and death of a society. The life cycle of a
society does not pass through the define stages, as human life.

4. Group Mind Theory
– Theory states that every society has its own system of through or mind which is
made up of the culture, traditions and values of the society, the group minds.
– It has the ability to influence individual’s minds.
– Many sociologist do not agree to this theory and express that concept of group
mind is meaningless.

5. Social Contract Theory
– The exponents of this theory state that society is formed by individuals to
overcome mutual fear and distrust.
– The primitive man was wholly free and happy. In order to keep up his freedom
and happiness, he made contact with his neighbors and the society was thus
formed.
– The critics of this theory feel that society cannot be conceived of as something
artificially made.

6. Human Growth and Development
– There are many fables regarding the origin and development of man.
– Scientists feel that the origin of man on earth occurred some 40 lakhs years ago. It
is estimated to be 1 lakh 50 thousand years old. Because of the place, these are
called Magnon man.
– Types of remnants were discovered in Jawa, Germany and South Africa also.
1. Age of earth
2. Old stone age
3. New stone age

7. The Socialization Process
– The individuals and groups change their evaluations and commitments to each
other over time. Since these change happen in all groups speculate that there is
a predictable sequence of stages. Process that occur in order for an individuals
to transition through a group.
– There are five stages of socialization which make this transition
– During each stage, the individual and the group evaluate each other which leads
to an increase or decrease in commitment to socialization. This socialization
pushes the individuals from prospective, new, full, marginal and ex member.

8. Stages of Socialization
1. Investigation
2. Socialization
3. Maintenance
4. Resocialization
5. Remembrance

9. Effect of Environment on Individuals
– Environment is an extensive and broader concept.
– Everything around us is environment. Scientists environment means only nature and
physical conditions in Sociology. Because of social nature of man, everything around
man including experiences, within the scope of environment.
– According to Maclver and Page total environment includes physical and social aspects.
– According to Gillin and Gillin environment can be explained as natural environment
and socio-cultural environment
– According to Landis, environment can be divided into three parts
1. Natural environment
2. Social environment
3. Cultural environment

10. The effects of environment on different
age groups is given as follow:
– Childhood
– Adolescent
– Adult Age
– Old Age

11. Fundaments Rights of Individuals
– Provision of fundamental right is made so that individuals may develop their
personalities and attain goals in life. The activities of World Human Rights
Commission has made citizens of many nations, conscious about human rights.
1. Right to equality
2. Right to freedom
3. Right to liberty
4. Right to freedom of religion
5. Cultural and educational rights
6. Right to property

12. Fundamental Duties/
Responsibilities of Individuals
– In the original draft of the constitution there was no clear description of the
fundamental duties.
1. Follow the constitution, respect its ideals, institutions, national flag and
national anthem.
2. Remember the high ideal which motivated the freedom struggle and follow it.
3. Protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India.
4. Protect the nation and serve it, when called upon.
5. Understand the proud traditions of our culture and protect it.

13. Fundamental Duties/ Responsibilities of
Individuals Cont…
6. Establish equality and fraternity among all citizens. Rise above all discrimination
on the basis of religion, language, area or color, leave all customs, which are
against honoring women.
7. Protect the natural environment comprising of forest, lake, river and wild animals.
8. Along with scientific attitude, humanism and attainment of knowledge, add the
sentiment of reformation.
9. Protect public property and avoid violence.
10. Try to go towards progress, in all personal and social activities, so that the nation
will go forward and may attain great heights.
These fundamental duties are included in the Constitution just to give knowledge to
citizens regarding their civic responsibilities.