About living organisms and the nature

1. Animals and their
Environment

2. A first step to understanding
individual animals, and in turn
populations of animals, is to
understand the relationship
they have with their
environment.

3. Habitats

4. Habitat
• The environment in which an animal
lives
• more than just a home it includes the
whole surrounding area.
• provides the animal or plant with food or
shelter
• includes both biotic (living) and abiotic
(non-living) components of the animals
environment

5. ABIOTIC COMPONENTS
• PHYSICAL FACTORS OR CONDITIONS
Wind, Temperature, Sunlight
Precipitation or Rainfall
Soil, Geographic Barriers
• CHEMICAL FACTORS OR CONDITIONS
Dissolved Oxygen, Carbon Dioxide
Salinity, Acidity, Water
Nutrients like N, S, P, Carbon

6. Terrestrial Ecosystem
and Aquatic Life Zones

7. BIOTIC
Classification based on how they
obtain their FOOD :
1. autotrophs
2. heterotrophs
1. AUTOTROHPS
* pigmented with chlorophyll to
capture light energy from the sun
* convert it into sugar during
PHOTOSYNTHESIS

8. The Ecosytem Components

9. Terrestrial Ecosystem
and Its Components
This figure

11. AUTOTROPHS
2 Categories:
1. Photoautotrophs
* pigmented organisms that synthesize their
own food in the presence of sunlight in a process
called PHOTOSYNTHESIS
eg. All green plants including the brown, red,
golden brown & most of the blue algae
2. Chemotrophs
* pigmented organisms that utilize the energy
produced by chemical reactions occurring in their
bodies
eg. Bacteria and some blue-green algae

12. 2. Heterotrophs
*organisms without chlorophyll
*obtain their energy through consumption
of finished food like the bodies or parts
of the bodies of other plants and
animals
* Example are all animals

13. People and their habitats
People can live all over the
world.

14. People can do this
because we are able
to build homes for
different conditions.

15. People can change clothes to
best suit the temperature
around the habitat.
White clothes
reflect the heat
Animal skin and fur
act as insulators and
keep heat in.

16. Animals and plants
• Most plants and animals are specially adapted
to survive in a particular habitat.
• They have developed special features to suit
the demands of their environment.
• This is called adaption.

17. Animal Adaptations
• Anything that helps an organism
survive in its environment is an
adaptation
• also refers to the ability of living
things to adjust to different conditions
within their environments

18. Types of Adaptation
• Structural adaptation
• Protective coloration
• Mimicry
• Behaviour adaptations
• Migration
• Hibernation

19. Structural adaptations
• A structural adaptation involves some
part of an animal's body.
– Teeth
– Body coverings
– Movement

20. Protective Coloration
• Coloration and
protective resemblance
allow an animal to blend
into its environment.
• Another word for this
might be
camouflage. Their
camouflage makes it hard
for enemies to single out
individuals.

21. Mimicry
• Mimicry allows one
animal to look, sound, or
act like another animal to
fool predators into
thinking it is poisonous
or dangerous.

22. Behaviour adaptations
• Behaviour adaptations
include activities that help an
animal survive.
• Behaviour adaptations can be
learned or instinctive.
– Social behaviour
– Behaviour for protection

23. Migration
• Animals migrate for
different reasons.
– better climate
– better food
– safe place to live
– safe place to raise young
– go back to the place they
were born.
• This is when behavioral
adaptation that involves
an animal or group of
animals moving from one
region to another and
then back again.

24. Hibernation
• This is deep sleep in which animal’s body temp
droops, body activities are slowed to conserve
energy.
• E.g. Bats, woodchucks & bears.

25. some more examples of
adaptation

26. All birds have similar
characteristics.
But many water
birds have features
that are different
from those birds live
on land.
Long legs are good for wading
These wings act as flippers
Webbed
feet for
swimming

27. Some animals are
camouflaged to blend in
with their surroundings.
This keeps them safe as it
is more difficult for other
animals to see them or
catch them for food.
This lizards skin is so
similar to the rock
colour.
These zebra could
easily be mistaken
for bushes from
a distance.
This lion blends in well
with the grassy
background.

28. Animals and plants help each other
Plants and animals depend on each
other for a wide variety of things.
Food
Nests to reproduce
Shelter
Protection
Gas exchange

29. These animals have
adapted to be more
suited to cold
temperatures.
Layers of fat keep the
seals body warm, and small
ears stop heat loss.
Polar bears are kept warm by
their body fat.
Deer have a
warm layer
of fur.

30. Even plants have
adapted to their
habitats.
The cactus has fleshy stems
that store water.
The water provides support for this lily
as it has less developed roots to hold it
in place.
Dandelions seeds are
easily dispersed.

31. Thank You.