Informal Letter Causal Analysis

Informal Letter Causal Analysis
Dear Charbel, Roy is out of office during next week. Please allow us few days to make our causal analysis and get back to you, during the week after,
with our positive answer which will meet Rim's expectations. We remain at your disposal for any further information concerning this topic. Best
regards, Rodrigue
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Jeremy Rifkin Enemies Of Promise
Causal
Science has helped improve many people's lifestyle from eating a healthy diet to stopping different form of disease that are attacking the human
body. Science also provides intolerable lifestyle to people such as the elders as when the elderly have an incurable disease and the elderly are
suffering for this incurable disease and wants to die, but cannot due to science advancement in technology making impossible to die at that moment.
The possible future of science is uncontrollable. The power of science provides possibility and with this possibility doesn't always generate a good
possibility. Jeremy Rifkin in "Biotech Century" and Michael Bishop in "Enemies of Promise" talks about the science as their argument in a casual
sense of...show more content...
The creation with all the religions belief or attachment will suddenly shatter as people relied or set their whole life around that belief. There are
people whom committed suicide because of a belief that was stated "It was the end of the world in May 21, 2011, Judgment day" and also went into
financial shambles as those people who believed in their belief sold everything they own and left with nothing. Rifkin quoted, "Genesis could lead to a
far different future–a biological Tower of Babel and the spread of chaos throughout the biological world, drowning out the ancient language of
creation" (312).This states that with biological creation creates more nonsense as the idea of the beginning creation of life seem invalid; in doing so,
creates the idea of an ordinary human creating the whole world itself, due to time as time fades away the ancient language of creation. If creationism
became true then many people would changes their ways as they thrives to find a religious purpose where sins or deeds that they acquired previously
won't have any effects against them such as killing a person previously and hoping that the person that he or she killed won't affected by the idea of
eternal darkness after death. The fear of unknowing and suddenly becomes the

Three Components To Determine Causal Relationship
1. There are three components required to determine a causal relationship. The three components are temporal precedence, covariation of the cause and
effect and no plausible alternative explanations, these are the three things you need to determine a causal relationship. Temporal precedence is showing
the cause before the effect happen. Covariation of the cause and effect, prove that they have some type of relationship. Between the two things they
share a relationship somehow. The last one is no plausible alternative explanations that mean because they have a relationship it does not mean it is
causal relationship, but it could be a factor or something that cause the outcome. Example the ice cream sales go up in the summer, and also been
reported

A Causal Comparative Research Design Essay
A causal–comparative research design is used. In this type of design cause–effect relationships among variables are studied. The independent variable
identified but not manipulated will be the number of graduate students from the educational institution being studied. Meanwhile, the dependent
variable is represented by the quality of the school and its programs. The groups of individuals identified in this study are pre–existing ones or
naturally formed. Therefore, no random selection has taken place. This means that in this case, those individuals assessed are selected based on their
current educational status being new enrollees to a program or about to be graduates of that particular educational institution. 25 new enrollees to
Miami Dade College are studied as well as 25 students in their last semester, in order to identify if there is a relationship between the number of
programs offered and the number of students successfully completing a degree. The importance of using a causal–comparative research approach is to
analyze cause and effect that have already taken place after the fact. The data interpreted is carefully studied but not be manipulated, modified or used
to provide a solution to a potential problem. 12. Instrumentation – Dependent Measure(s) The survey given consisted on four major categories to be
evaluated. Each of those categories rated students' agreement over a particular item. Students were asked to rate their college experience, quality of the

Causal Judgement Case Study
Humans frequently engage in making causal judgements. For example, if an individual suffers a headache after ingesting alcohol, then the individual
may deem that the alcohol caused the headache. The mechanism of this judgement has been characterised as being akin to the reflexive process of
classical conditioning (Mitchell, De Houwer, & Lovibond, 2009). Essentially, the process of forming a mental link between the alcohol (a cue) to the
headache (an outcome), is suggested to occur through classical associative learning (Mitchell, et al., 2009; Shanks, 2007). If a strong link between a
cue and outcome is forged then the presentation of the cue is supposed to elicit a mental representation, and ultimately the expectation of the outcome
(Shanks, 2007). The cue competition effects blocking and overshadowing are at the heart of the associative account of causal judgements (Shanks,
2007)....show more content...
In this task, participants pretend to be a Doctor and determine which food results in an allergic reaction in a fictional patient (e.g., Mr X; Mitchell
et al., 2006). In a blocking allergen task, participants receive instructions to consider the cause of Mr X allergies in a test on compound food cues
after receiving training on the allergenic effects of individual foods (Mitchell et al., 2006). For example, the trained allergen peanuts may be
presented in compound with watermelon, and the participant is asked to judge if Mr X will have an allergic reaction to watermelon (Mitchell et al.,
2006). This is where blocking effect emerges as participants reliably fail to rate watermelon as strong allergen (Mitchell et al., 2006). A variant of this
task is the overshadow allergen paradigm, which is identical except there is not a training phase (Shanks, 2007). Again, participants have been found to
fail to draw a strong association with the overshadowed food cue (Shanks,

Root Cause Analysis Essay
A root cause analysis is a systematic approach utilized to identify problems within an event and create a plan for preventing that problem from
recurring in the future. To be effective, a timeline of the events are created to help identify those areas that may be the reason for the problem or
event, and the relationship between the causal factors and those factors identified to be a reason for the event to have occurred. In the case of Mr. B's,
an investigation into the events surrounding to and leading up to his untimely death would be required. Once the problem has been identified and
described, data of events are collected and formatted into a timeline. From the events, any problems in the care of the patient which may have...show
more content...
As a solution, core staffing should consist of at least two registered nurses, an ED physician, and secretary on duty at all times, with a plan for
increases based on current census and acuity, nursing time and interventions, length of stay, skill mix and patient care time (Emergency Nurses
Association, 2011). By having this core staff in place, the patient would have had a nurse available to continuously monitor his status. Neither staff
member identified the downward trending of the patients available vital signs and did not evaluate consciousness of the patient. Failure to assess
appropriately and recognize deterioration of the patient resulted in a prolonged period of time in which the patient was not adequately oxygenated.
Research has shown that short staffing, with decreased nurse to patient ratio, has been found to be associated with increased mortality (Aiken, Clarke,
Sloane, Sochalski, & Silber, 2002; Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, 2005; Needleman, Buerhaus, PKankratz, Leibson,
Stevens, & Harris, 2011). This reinforces the need to match staffing with patient census, acuity, and need for nursing care. A policy for conscious
sedation was in place and not followed by staff. As all staff had been trained in the procedure, completed the appropriate modules, and

Essay On Causal Argument
Argument #2 Causal Argument A causal argument is the regularity of a cause
–and–effect relationship. It applies to causation of trends or patterns
among populations. If A occurs, then B occurs. "A is sufficient for B" means that if A occurs the B occurs. "A is necessary for B" means that if B
occurs the A occurs. Most genetically engineered foods produce a more nutritious, grander looking, cost–effective, and improved tasting product. This
argument is strong stands strong if A happens, the B happens. If B happens then A could have happened. If genetically engineered foods are healthier,
viewed as cost effective and improved in taste consequently, they can also cause crippling effects, endorse disease–resistant pests, and speed up the
diseases across species fences. Reference Thompson, (1998, Nov). The introduction of genetically altered foods: why we should not tamper with
Mother Nature Retrieved from https://www.uky.edu/ Argument #3 Appeals to Authority Means a common argument form which can be fallacious,
such as when an it is cited on a topic outside there are of expertise or when cited to be that of non–truth. –Approximately 11–20 out of 100 Veterans
who participated in (OIF) Operations Iraqi Freedom and Enduring Freedom (OEF) have PTSD in a set year....show more content...
In 2014, President Obama launched the BRAIN Initiative as part of a large–scale effort to help researchers treat a wide variety of brain disorders like
PTSD, Alzheimer's, autism, and other traumatic brain injuries. These new tools and this deeper insight will ultimately catalyze new treatments and
cures for devastating brain disorders and diseases that are estimated by the World Health Organization to affect more than one billion people

Drunk Driving Causal Analysis
What if one had the chance to execute the role of God, or an 'all powerful leader,' and what alterations would they make in order to successfully create
the perfect world? A word exists, on a much more complex level, for the ideal society that people refer to as a "fairy tale." This concept is
acknowledged as a utopia, and its interpretation loosely follows a general society in which impractical and unrealistic ideals are in place, often
resulting in this 'fairy tale.' However, with the examination through what is known as Causal Analysis, one can determine the efficiency of a pathway,
and if it eventually leads to a dystopian future instead. Analysis of a causal flow predicts and prevents potential dystopian obstacles in a utopian
strategy–otherwise...show more content...
"According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), twenty–eight people die in the United States every day as the result of an
accident involving an alcohol–impaired driver," illustrates an article on Opposing Viewpoints ("Drunk Driving"). Through application of strategy, a
world with fewer drunk driving fatalities can be attained, and this begins with the introduction to mandatory regulations and laws pertaining to alcohol
consumption. Primarily, by enforcing a zero tolerance law in Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) for people of all ages in every state, the tendency
for American drinkers to drive after a drink or two will decrease due to consequences that accompany. If the influenced driver pursues to operate a
vehicle, the mandatory Ignition Interlock Device installed in every produced car model will require a BAC test in order to properly start the engine. If
the BAC is above zero tolerance, the engine will fail to start, requiring the driver to find an alternative transportation to their destination. As a
terminating precaution, accessibility to alcohol for underage drinkers will contract as a result of administering a higher minimum legal drinking age in
all states. In implementation of these modifications, accidents involving impaired drivers and fatality statistics will slowly diminish overtime for the
betterment of the country. The notion of a nation without deaths affiliated with drivers under the influence epitomizes this perfect world, otherwise
known as a

Causal Nexus Issue Analysis
Before engaging in the causal nexus issue between methane emissions and public health, we must first establish a brief introduction of the EPA's
regulatory authority for its proposals. It is not entirely necessary to provide a historical framework of environmental law dating back to public and
nuisance common law actions between states, but it is necessary to point to a few cases that sort of gave rise to the CAA.

Causal Model Essay
This essay will attempt to explain the use of the causal model designed by psychologists John Morton and Uta Frith (1995) to distinguish the effects of
two developmental disorders, which are specific language impairment (SLI) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The main objective is to identify
how the model will characterise the similarities and differences of SLI and ASD; also, to evaluate the studies cited within these disorders. This essay
will highlight how the model was produced and its purposes, as well as, including future research that can further understand the distinction within the
diagnostic groups. The causal model of developmental disorder focuses on the aetiology, neurobiology, cognition and behaviour that influences within
...show more content...
2009: p. 1383). The first course involves most of the diagnoses occur in a gradual nature, and the parents concern are reported in the first two years
around the ages 3 to 4. The early signs of ASD encompasses delay in pretend play and failing to show interests (Zwaignbaum, 2001: p.2037). The
second course are characterised by the normal or near–normal development, leading to a loss of skills or regression within the first 2 to 3 years.
Regression can occur in the form of multiple domains, including communication, cognitive, social, and self–help. However, the most common
regression in ASD is the loss of language (Martinez–Pedraza and Carter, 2009: p. 645; Werner et al. 2005: p. 337). Subsequently, there has been much
controversy over the differential outcomes based on these two developmental courses. Some studies have suggested that the regression is linked with
the poorer outcomes and recorded no differences amongst those with the early gradual onset and those who have experienced a regression period
(Mash and Barkley, 2003: p. 409). Although, there is conflicting evidence that surrounds the language outcomes within ASD, some studies have
indicated that the language and cognitive abilities at the age of 2 and a half can help predict language proficiency and the production after age 5
(Weismer et al. 2015: p. 1327). Thus, highlighting the importance of early intervening to

Cause and Effect of Social Media Essay
The 21st century is defined by its obsession and advancements in technology, the younger generation in particular. Technology plays as a key factor
in most lives, social media especially. Among the most popular of social media are Facebook, Twitter and Instagram, all with the main purpose to
share or view personal information and experiences, communicate with others and meet new people on social or professional grounds. There are
several positives and negatives effects associated with social media, making it a topic of debate whether it is creating more good or harm for today's
society. We use technology as the number one means of communication, and social media has made communicating with each other even easier. We
have the ability to...show more content...
There have been situations where people have been lured to meet up with who they'd consider a friend under false pretenses. Getting catfished can
put one in a dangerous situation. Facebook, twitter and instagram are all methods used to share your life with others. You're able to post pictures
and type statuses to inform your friends, followers, etc., what you have been up to and how you have been living your life. Adults usually post
pictures and statuses focusing on their family, trips and special events in their lives, while the younger generation takes social media a lot more
serious. Every moment of their lives are put out there for the world to see, sometimes without the realization. Teenagers on social media are always
trying to impress and one up each other. They sometimes post inappropriate material to try to look as cool as possible without realizing that
ultimately employers, teachers, parents, law enforcement and strangers all have the ability to see. The problem is once something is on the internet it
is there forever, and if caught you can find yourself in major trouble. Often when we're bored we turn to social media for entertainment. We can check
up on family friends or see what the hottest celebrity is up to. Then before we know it, our simple amusement becomes a huge distraction. The amount
of people we can connect with on social media is endless and they are all so unique, we can

Causal Analysis: A Good Man Is Hard to Find Essay
In the Flannery O'Connor story "A Good Man Is Hard to Find," the author introduces us the grandmother's characteristics in the beginning. The
grandmother thinks she is superior to everyone else because she is a "lady." She judges others and criticized Bailey wife because she believes the
mother doesn't take the children somewhere abroad. She is dishonest, dissimulation, and selfish. The Misfit appears at the end of the story. He is
showing that he doesn't care about anything or believes in Christ or religious matter. The grandmother tries to influence him that he can be a good
person. The grandmother is a contributing factor that tries to show the Misfit that he can be a good man. The grandmother was in fault of being selfish.
The moral...show more content...
In this quote, she realizes her attitude was bad when she was with her family, and since they died she realizes she didn't stand in good faith. The Misfit
thinks it meanness to believe in Christ because there was nothing for him. In Flannery O'Connor stories writes about religious matters to her
characters. Like the Misfit he lacks believe of religious, but the other hand the grandmother tries to make him believe the sense of it. "Thus, Miss
O'Connor's fiction is primarily concerned with man's life–and–death spiritual struggle" (Dowell 236). The Misfit tells his story why he became a killer
to the grandmother. He struggled with his life where the point he just became a criminal. When he killed the grandmother he had self–insures. He felt
sorry for the grandmother that she ended up that way at the end. "Because he cannot believe, the Misfit commits himself to evil" (236). She doesn't
believe that he can be an evil person because everyone is missing something. She talks to them until he understood what she is getting at. She tells him
he is like one her children: "What does in fact happen in this part of the story is quite straightforward: the Grandmother, having exhausted all other
appeals to the Misfit, resorts to her only remaining (though certainly imperfect) weapon: motherhood. Declaring to the Misfit that he is one of her
babies, she sets out to conquer him. Perhaps she hopes that this ultimate flattery will melt his heart, and he will collapse in her comforting

Causes of Suicide Essay
Causes of Suicide
*No Works Cited
Suicide can best be described as the destructive act of voluntarily taking one's own life. Suicide often presents a real and often tragic puzzle to be
solved by friends and family, and any other professionals who have been involved with someone who has committed suicide. To be able to definitively
answer the question as to why an individual would commit such a deadly act seems to be a highly complex task. The victim himself or herself, is
perhaps the least aware of the answer to this ninth leading cause of death. Scientists have discovered that the cause of this fatal behavior can be found
both within and without the individual. Whether biological, sociological...show more content...
Every year there are seven hundred seventy–five thousand suicide attempts in the United States. It is estimated that five million Americans have
attempted suicide. For every male suicide attempt there are three female attempts. The majority of overdose attempts is unsuccessful and account for
seventy percent of suicide attempts (SFSP: U.S. Suicide Statistics, 1996).
It is estimated that for every suicide there is six survivors close to the victims that are affected. The statistics are stunning. How can we understand
better why individuals would take their own life (McIntosh, 1997)
The conclusion that suicide is closely related to psychiatric illness is what researchers have come up with. The three diagnoses with the highest risk
are depression, alcoholism and schizophrenia. Seventy percent of suicides would have been diagnosed with major depression. Fifteen percent would
have been diagnosed with alcoholism and four percent from schizophrenia. Researchers have used two methods to come up with these findings. The
first one, the researchers find out what proportion of people who have committed suicide have been diagnosed with a psychiatric illness in their past.
The second method of research involves what is called psychological autopsy. Psychological autopsy involves carefully questioning the family
members and friends of the suicide victim. These questions are in reference to the individual state of mind, mood and behavior of the deceased

Causal Analysis Of Boo Movie
Salena Robinson
Mrs. Dingler
English 101–section 097
13 July 2015
Causal Analysis RD
Boo!
There is always that one scary movie that everyone loves to watch. The one that gets them everytime something jumps out. What about going up to a
friend when they are not looking and yelling "boo"! Fearful right? In some cases its not even those things people fear. It could very well be an intense
fear reaction to a particular thing. Hopefully, after reading this essay, there will be a greater understanding to fear, how it is triggered, and why it
happens. What is fear? According to kidshealth.com, fear is one of the most understood human feelings. It is computerized into the nervous system and
works like an instinct. Starting as small babies, humans

Causal Cognition Analysis
In the article, Culture and Causal Cognition, the main psychological behavior that is being investigated are the behavior of humans in different
cultures and how they perceive and react to causal cognition. People from different cultures have different causal beliefs which would change the
way that they view the world and perceive different objects. For example, a person in the United States would view the world by the specific objects
that he or she says, on the other hand, a person from Asia would view the same scene but they would so many of the details and imagery that is
around the object instead of the object entirely by itself. In this article, the causal reasoning of the United States and Asia are compared just to show
how different...show more content...
Viewing a certain object in an event and focusing only on its characteristics and details. The ancient Greek trait was transferred down to the American
culture. The Americans have not seen any flaws with their ancestor's perceptions, so there was no need to change the way that they view certain events.
Also, according to the article, the ancient Greeks were very individualistic. Which meant that they mostly relied on themselves and they were
independent. Those Greeks being individualistic would give them the idea that their views on other things should also show individualism. The object
is also independent, only it could determine the causes that lead to certain results. Similar situation with the eastern Asians. The ancient Chinese had
been visualizing their events in the holistic perspective. Viewing an object based on its surroundings and how the object's behavior is related to the
"field", basically the environment is the cause for the consequences of the object rather than the object itself. Also, The Chinese ancestors were very
cooperative with each other also made them perceive that the objects in an event must be influenced by some other environmental cause that is making
the object have a certain consequence. Any countries ancestry or culture will affect how the people of that country view the certain events that happens
around the world. Everyone will have different

Causal relationship
It is a relationship between two variables where a change in one variable causes a consequence in the other variable (Cameron and Price, 2009:xvi).
Causality
Finding casual connections between two or more variables rather than just forming relationships between the variables (Bryman and Bell, 2003:367).
Central Tendency
According to Black (2010:61), the central tendency can be defined as the tendency for values in the data set being analysed, to be gathered around the
middle value of the data. In other words the tendency for the values in the data set to be collected around the median. There are three main measures of
central tendency namely median, mean and mode (Black, 2010:76–78).
Chi–square analysis
Consists of...show more content...
Confidence limits
The end values of the parameters (that includes the parameters) within the confidence interval of the population included in the research data (ASQ
Statistics Division, 2005:24).
Confirmability
The data and findings of a researcher has been tested for its accuracy, objectivity and reliability by using several different strategies (Objakor, Bakken
& Rotatori 2010:28)
Construct
A theory behind the research conducted. This theory must be formed without bias (Burns and Burns, 2008:430).
Construct validity
Construct validity involves the process of linking the theory of the research with a specific method or procedure to measure the intended data (Burns
and Burns, 2008: 430).

Constructionism
The process of proving that the theory compiled by the researcher truly exists in real world situations by finding evidence of the existence of that
specific theory or idea (Holstein and Gubrium, 2008:3–9).
Constructivism
Another term for Constructionism and the term is usually used in mathematics, science and technology (Holstein and Gubrium, 2008:8).
Content analysis
The content analysis is simply the process of labelling data to retrieve later in order to analyse and interpret further in the research process (Moule and
Goodman, 2013:411).
Content validity
The content validity is the degree to which the measurement represents the intended content that was meant to be investigated. For example noting the
names, dates, times and questions

Cause And Effect Essay On Drug Addiction
Drug Addiction: The Effects Nowadays, the amount of drug users is growing day by day. Unfortunately, these people are not aware of their
vulnerability. Whether we talk about prescription, OTC or illegal drugs, the excessive use of these substances lead to considerably dangerous
consequences; having health problems is the most well–known of them. However, drug abuse causes other serious effects on people such as money
and job–related problems, likelihood to engage in criminal acts, and even potential death. People with drug issues are subject to money and job–related
problems. When someone develops a dependence on drugs, they are not concerned about how much money they spend as long as they get the
drugs they want. Consequently, people are faced with economic problems that might lead them to misery. Besides this, having a dependence on
drugs can have a damaging effect on someone's job or career. The famous soccer player, Diego Maradona, is a living example of this. Maradona
developed an addiction to cocaine, for which he was banned from soccer for 15 months in 1991 after testing positive for cocaine. After his
comeback, at the 1994 World Cup in the United States, he was sent home for failing a drug test for ephedrine doping (Williams). Clearly, drugs only
left an awful stain on Maradona's career. Those addicted to drugs are more likely to engage in criminal activity. There are three types of crimes related
to drugs: use–related crimes, which occur because the drugs

Causal Academic Critique And Argument Research
This semester, I learnt many writing skills and tried different type of essays. I wrote three type of essay, Formal Academic Critique, Causal Analysis
and Argument Research. We started with practicing the technique to summarize and paraphrase the article. Then we did research practice based on
"Stand on your Ground". Through this practice, I learnt how to narrow down my topic, by combing the main topic, viewpoint and focus aera. This
skill is very useful, as it is easier to structure essay in this way.
I did not know any critique analyze skills before I finish this critique essay. I criticized "The Sexual Misery of the Arab World" written by Kamel
Daoud. Through the critique essay writing process, I learnt many new knowledge that helped me to complete my essay. First, I learnt the difference
between summary and critique. Such as a successful summary restated resources in my own words; present only the main, or important details;
maintain a neutral and objective stance. A successful critique moves beyond summary; assess or analyze what author want to present; should offer
interpretations and judgments about what I read; give evidence to support my evaluation. Second, summary and critique do have something in
common, such as both of them should be written in present tense, stated title, author's full name and formatted in MLA styles....show more content...
I analyzed the effects of music downloading on the music industry. I learnt how to cite sources in APA styles. Before this, MLA styles is the only
citation I know. I learnt that I should indicates the cause and effect pattern and the clear topic in this type essay's thesis statement. I learnt that I can
structure a cause and effect essay in two ways: Chronological order and emphatic order. Chronological order discusses the causes and effects in the
order that they occur. Emphatic order reserves the strongest or most significant cause and/or effect until the

1. Causation and effectuation entrepreneurial decision making is the style of decision making made by a manager or other higher power in a
business. Choosing the style your business needs is based on if you have or do not have a goal. Causation has a goal and will discover the means as
they progress while the effectuation decision making has the means but does not have a designated goal and will discover the goal as they progress.
Both of these types of thinking do have disadvantages. Causation thinking is not good at spotting potential surprises. The causal thinker tends to
assume that all possible contingencies have been covered in the planning process and that no unforeseen events are possible. If unexpected events
happen, the causal...show more content...
Now to the question at hand, when should an entrepreneur choose to use effectual instead of causal to start their venture? Effectual should be used if
the future of the venture is extremely uncertain. Causal is better suited when the future is predictable and you have a set goal. If in a market that
fluctuates, effectual is best to use as it makes the company/venture ready to adapt to the situation. It is also better used when you know exactly what
resources and abilities you have, this way when opportunities present themselves the entrepreneur can decide which opportunity is best suited to their
strengths and capitalize on the best one. To summarize, causal and effectual are equal when weighing their advantages and disadvantages, but if the
venture/company that is started is in an unstable or unpredictable market effectual is best used. It keeps the company nimble and better prepared to
respond to unexpected situations which would be likely in a new business. Causal is better suited for larger companies that are expanding or in
situations where outcomes will be predictable and the goal clearly set. Today's entrepreneurs are more likely to use effectual logic which includes
experimenting with a product or service, remaining flexible, and then changing as necessary. The increase in use of effectual logic is due to how
quickly the world and innovations move. The world is

Informal Letter Causal Analysis

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Informal Letter Causal Analysis