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W6 as2 cape town
- 2. CASE STUDY: DAY 0 CAPE TOWN INTRODUCTION CAPE TOWN ISSUES IN A SNAPSHORT Video 1-Cape Town Video 2- Droughts WHAT IS DAY O HOW ABOUT MALAYSIA? WHAT IS THE TREND OF WATER CONSUMPTION AROUND THE GLOBE FACTUALINSIGHTS HISTORY-WHAT WHEN WRONG WWW • Video 3-Speculation • Video 4-Global warming EMERGENCY PREPAREDNESS CRISIS MANAGEMENT INTERVENTIONS • Videos 5-Technology • Video 6--Water saving tips IMPACTS OF WATER CRISIS CONCLUSION KEY LEARNINGS WAY FORWARD
- 3. Flushing toilet once Limiting shower to 2 minutes
- 5. Annual water consumption per capita worldwide in 2013, by select country (in cubic meters)* Source;Statista, The Statistic Portal https://www.statista.com/statistics/263156/water-consumption-in-selected-countries/
- 6. 2013 210 L/PERSON/DAY 2014 212 L/PERSON/DAY SINGAPORE 154L THAILAND 90L How about Malaysia?
- 7. Inappropriate water Allocation -limiting 60% of water for city use from Western Cape Town Water supply system -the rest diverted to agriculture Authority’s poor response -fail to look for alternative water sources Common mistake by Officials -assumed future rainfall pattern might resemble the past Climate Change that contribute to chaotic weather condition Source: https://news.nationalgeographic.com/2018/02/cape-town-running-out-of-water-drought-taps-shutoff-other-cities/ Inadequate investment in water infrastructure
- 8. City-wide throttling of drinking water Armed guards-to maintain order Daily ration of 25L from 187 points of Distribution Environmental health-routine surveillance for disease outbreak & response team Sufficient water supply-health facilities & informal settlements Source: https://theconversation.com/how-cape-towns-water-crisis-could-make-people-sick-91255
- 9. START Rainfall Winter Rainfall % 100% 85% Consumption ≥ 540 MI/day? Day Zero activated Average dam level: 13.5% END NO YES YES Consumption rate? Average dam level 37% by Nov Average dam level 32.5% by Nov Average dam level 33% by Nov Average dam level 27% by Nov Consumption 450 MI/day? Consumption 600 MI/day? Consumption rate? Consumption 450 MI/day? Consumption 600 MI/day? Day Zero deactivated END Source: https://www.news24.com/SouthAfrica/News/cape-town-winning-day-zero-battle-but-city-warns- residents-to-keep-saving-20180305
- 10. Water restriction- Regulation Level 6B: Limit drinking water use at 50L/day/person Groenland transfer of water from farmers’ private dam Adjustment to water pressure to prevent wastage Desalination plant (3 small scale emergency) getting ready to add 16M L/day into the System by May 2018 Groundwater extraction projects will supply almost 150M L/day to the city at their peak Public Awareness Staggered tariffs on Water consumption Bath plugs are Removed from luxury hotel
- 12. Uncertain economic impact Disease outbreak: oral-faecal contamination Conflict over water & violence Psycho-social stress & mental illnes Source: https://theconversation.com/how-cape-towns-water-crisis-could-make-people-sick-91255
- 13. 97% covered with water Only 2.5% is freshwater 70% 20% 10% Agriculture Industry Domestic use
- 14. Demand for freshwater increase by 64b m3 a year Increase in population (80m/year) Lifesytle changes & eating habits Biofuel production (1k-4k L ≈ 1L of biofuel) Higher demand for energy Source : Center for Public Impact https://www.centreforpublicimpact.org/impact-insight-cape-town-water-crisis/
- 15. Growing Water Crisis More regions are reaching peak water limit Climate Change Urban population & economies are expanding rapidly
- 18. • Use water efficiently • Efficient irrigation technology • Replace inefficient toilets, showerheads, washing machine & dishwashers • Eliminate leaks Reduce water demand • Wastewater treatment & reuse • E.g 1: Namibia has been using treated water for decades • E.g 2: Singapore meet 40% of total water demand with high quality treated waste water • E.g 3: California uses 15% of its treated waste water • Desalination plant Find new non –traditional sources of water supply
- 19. Become a smart water economy Responsible water consumption behaviour Become water- conscious country Protect water resources Proper management of water suply & demand regulations Strong water governance Sufficient knowledge & skill in water sector Source : Center for Public Impact https://www.centreforpublicimpact.org/impact-insight-cape-town-water-crisis/
Editor's Notes
- Is one of the most modern city in South Africa-The droughts started in 2015-unpredictable weather condition-Nov-Feb (Summer)-Autumn(Mar-May)-End May-August(Winter)-Sept-Oct(Spring)
- -6 resevoirs that hold up to 230b gallons of water-won several International awards for water management-A decade ago, the city was told that population growth and shifts projected to come with climate change—drier, hotter weather, with less winter rainfall, and reduced stream flows—would require it find additional water sources. -warnings were not enough to shift attention from schools or hospitals or all the other things on the agenda," Winter says. -Inititally planned on Mid-April but pushed back to July 9-15
- Politics Vs Climate change?Western Cape town is the only province, opposition ruling party (Democratic Alliance) vs African National Congress-both western cape town & city of cape town 2-tier governance went above & beyond what is required to prepare for drought-The kronology: 6 major dams make up 99.6% of the volume of water in the Western Cape Water Supply System. Cape Town’s strategy for handling droughts is based on a warning system that kicks in when dam levels are lower than normal for a particular time of year. The pattern is once every ten years, there is extremely low rainfall around the major Theewaterskloof Dam. The last dam level scare was in 2004-2005. In 2007, the national DW&S -warning -new water sources by 2015.(based on rainfall and water demand trends) The city took the warning seriously and acted quickly-water demand management strategy =water meter replacements, pressure management, leak detection and free plumbing repairs for indigent households-city met its 2015-2016 water saving target three years early. This pushed the deadline back to 2019, based on normal rainfall and normal water use-awarded as best water saving level in the world. Following a wet 2013-2014, the South African Weather Service estimated that Cape Town’s 2014-2016 rainfall would be only slightly lower than normal, conforming to weather patterns recorded since 1976. Based on the information available to the city, it was on target for implementing the first water augmentation project by 2019: increasing water supply to the Voëlvlei dam. Then disaster struck: a drought more severe than anything in Cape Town’s history. 2015-excessive water allocation to agri 2015-provincial govern applied R35m for drilling boreholes-govern rejected due to dam level still 75% full. 2016-govern agree to recogn only 3/50 western municipalities as drought disaster area(excl.Cape town). Till Oct 2017, promised funds not released. Cape town mayor appealed to national DW&S for disaster relief fund-rejected bcuz cape town not in the crisis list.