introduction to gateway arch, its construction specifications and fun facts. a complete knowlege about gateway arch

1. SUBMITTED TO:- SUBMITTED BY:-
MOHD. SHARIQUE AHMED PALAK GARG
B.ARCH IIIRD YR.
1800701

2. CONTENTS:-
1. INTRODUCTION
2. CONSTRUCTION
3. FOUNDATION
4. FUN FACTS
5. REFERENCES

3. INTRODUCTION:-
 The Gateway Arch is a 630-foot (192 m) monument in St. Louis, Missouri, United States.
 Clad in stainless steel and built in the form of a weighted catenary arch, it is the world's
tallest arch, the tallest man-made monument in the Western Hemisphere, and Missouri's
tallest accessible building.
 Built as a monument to the westward expansion of the United States, and officially dedicated
to "the American people," the Arch, commonly referred to as "The Gateway to the West" is
the centerpiece of Gateway Arch National Park
 It has become an internationally recognized symbol of St. Louis, as well as a popular tourist
destination.
 The Arch was designed by Finnish-American architect Eero Saarinen in 1947.
 The monument opened to the public on June 10, 1967.
 It is located at the site of St. Louis's founding on the west bank of the Mississippi River
 Purpose is As the market and supply point for fur traders and explorers, town of St. Louis
grew exponentially after the War of 1812, when great numbers of people began to travel by
wagon train to seek their fortunes west of the Mississippi River. In 1947-48, Saarinen won a
nationwide competition to design a monument honoring the spirit of the western pioneers.

4. EXTERIOR IMAGES:-

5. INTERIOR IMAGES:-

6. CONSTRUCTION:-
 Both the width and height of the arch are 630 feet (192 m).The arch is the tallest memorial in
the United States and the tallest stainless steel monument in the world.
 The cross-sections of the arch's legs are equilateral triangles, narrowing from 54 feet (16 m)
per side at the bases to 17 feet (5.2 m) per side at the top.
 Each wall consists of a stainless steel skin covering a sandwich of two carbon-steel walls
with reinforced concrete in the middle from ground level to 300 feet (91 m), with carbon
steel to the peak.
 The arch is hollow to accommodate a unique tram system that takes visitors to an
observation deck at the top.
 The structural load is supported by a stressed-skin design. Each leg is embedded in 25,980
short tons (23,570 t) of concrete 44 feet (13 m) thick and 60 feet (18 m) deep. Twenty feet
(6.1 m) of the foundation is in bedrock. The arch is resistant to earthquakes and is designed
to sway up to 18 inches (46 cm) in either direction, while withstanding winds up to 150 miles
per hour (240 km/h). The structure weighs 42,878 short tons (38,898 t), of which concrete
composes 25,980 short tons (23,570 t); structural steel interior, 2,157 short tons (1,957 t);
and the 6.3mm thick grade 304 stainless steel panels that cover the exterior of the arch, 886
short tons (804 t).The base of each leg at ground level had to have an engineering
tolerance of 1⁄64 inch (0.40 mm) or the two legs would not meet at the top.

7. CONSTRUCTION:-
The geometric form of the structure was set by mathematical equations provided to Saarinen
by Hannskarl Bandel. Bruce Detmers and other architects expressed the geometric form in
blueprints with this equation:
where fc = 625.0925 ft (191 m) is the maximum height of centroid, Qb = 1,262.6651 sq ft
(117 m2) is the maximum cross sectional area of arch at base, Qt = 125.1406 sq ft
(12 m2) is the minimum cross sectional area of arch at top, and L = 299.2239 ft (91 m) is
the half width of centroid at the base. The triangular cross sectional area varies linearly
with the vertical height of its centroid.

8. CONSTRUCTION:-
 The double-walled, triangular sections were placed one on top of another and then welded
inside and out to build the legs of the Arch. Sections ranged in height from 12 feet at the
base to 8 feet for the two keystone sections.
 The complex engineering design and construction is completely hidden from view. All that
can be seen is its sparkling stainless steel outside skin and inner skin of carbon steel, which
combine to carry the gravity and wind loads to the ground.
 The Arch has no real structural skeleton. Its inner and outer steel skins, joined to form a
composite structure, give it its strength and permanence.
 Entrance to the Arch is from the underground George B. Hartzog, Jr. Visitor Center, located
directly beneath it. Visitors are carried from the lobby level below to the observation platform
at the top of the Arch by a unique conveyance system - a 40-passenger train made up of
eight five-passenger capsules in each leg. Operating at the rate of 340 feet per min., the ride
takes 10 minutes for the round trip.
 The observation platform is 65 feet by 7 feet, with plate-glass windows providing views in the
east and west directions. There is also a conventional maintenance elevator in each leg as
far as the 372-foot level, and stairways with 1,076 steps in each leg rise from the base to the
top of the Arch. The elevators and stairways are for maintenance and emergency use only.

11. FUN FACTS:-
1. Forty blocks of St. Louis were demolished to build the arch and its surrounding
park.
2. The arch’s two legs were built separately, and if their measurements were off by as
little as 1/64th of an inch, they would not have been able to join at the top.
3. The insurance company for the project predicted that 13 workers would die during
construction.
4. There was confusion over whether Eliel or Eero Saarinen won the design
competition for the monument.
5. The arch is as tall as it is wide.
6. The unique tram system was invented by a man with no formal engineering training.
7. The arch’s current renovation is more than twice as expensive as the original cost to
build it.
8. Presidents aren’t allowed to go to the top—except President Eisenhower.

12. REFERENCES:-
 https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/facts-about-st-louis-gateway-arch
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Qq_jOQ_QoY&ab_channel=JourneytoAllNatio
nalParksJourneytoAllNationalParks
 https://wonderopolis.org/wonder/how-was-the-st-louis-arch-built
 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gateway_Arch
 https://www.google.com/search?q=gateway+arch+INTERIOR+IMAGES&tbm=isch&v
ed=2ahUKEwjelavYis7wAhUoE7cAHfCxCsYQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=gateway+arch+INTERIOR+IMAGES&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzoCCA
A6BAgAEB46BAgAEBhQk7gjWL3fI2Cb4iNoAXAAeACAAYwCiAHoGZIBBTAuNy45m
AEAoAEBqgELZ3dzLXdpei1pbWfAAQE&sclient=img&ei=DQChYJ7bEaim3LUP8OO
qsAw&bih=542&biw=1015&hl=en-GB

13. THANK YOU