Pulmonary Tuberculosis

1. PHThISIS

4. HISTORY

5. Mycobacterium tuberculosis

6. • A bacterium that resembles a fungus
• Multiply at varying rates
• Characterized as acid-fast aerobic
organisms
• Can be killed by heat, sunshine, drying
and UV exposure

8. MODE OF SPREAD

9. PATHOLOGY
• The bacillus of TB infect the lung,
forming a tubercle (lesion)
• May heal ,leaving a tissue / may continue
as a granuloma , then heal or be
reactivated / May eventually proceed to
necrosis and cavitation.

10. • The initial lesion may dessiminate
tubercle bacilli
 By extension to adjacent tissues
 Through bloodstream
 Through lymphatic system
 Through bronchi

16. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

18. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
• SPUTUM SMEAR- detection of acid-fast
bacilli in stained smears . First morning
sputum obatined on 3 consecutive days
• SPUTUM CULTURE- positive culture
confirmation.
• CHEST X-RAY- Extent of disease

19. • Tuberculin skin test-PPD or MANTOUX
test : inoculation of tubercule bacillus
extract into the intradermal layer of the
inner aspect of the forearm
• Used to detect active and inactive
infection

21. MANAGEMENT
• ANTI TUBERCULAR THERAPY: Daily
oral doses of isoniazid, rifampin, and
pyranizamide – 6 months.
• ANTI TUBERCULAR MEDICATIONS:
Streptomycin(15mg), ethnambutol(15-
25mg),rifampin(10mg) daily for 8 weeks

22. DOTS
• DOTS-Directly Observed Treatment ,
Short Course: WHO recommended TB
control strategy.
• Specially for patients with drug resistant
TB, HIV-infected patients, and those on
intermittent treatment regimens(2/3 times
weekly

27. PREVENTION
• Isolation
• Ventilation
• Personal protection
• Complete course of medications
• Vaccination