Status Of Women In Contemporary Indian Society

Status of Women in Contemporary Indian Society
"STATUS OF WOMEN IN CONTEMPORARY INDIAN SOCIETY"– KRITIKA RASTOGI
STATEMENT OF PURPOSE
To critically analyse the role and status of women in the contemporary Indian society and the crimes committed against them.
INTRODUCTION
Within the Indian subcontinent, there have been infinite variations of the status of women, differing according to the cultural milieu, family structures,
caste, class, property right etc. we have to specify as to whether we are talking about rural women or urban women, about middle class or lower class
women, about Brahmin or scheduled caste woman, about women in the Hindu society or in the Muslim community. All...show more content...
As an example at software industry 30% of the workforce is female. They are at par with their male counter parts in terms of wages, position at the
work place. In rural India, agriculture and allied industrial sectors employ as much as 89.5% of the total female labour. Women account for 93% of
total employment in dairy production in India and constitute 51% of the total employed in forest–based small–scale enterprises.
CASTE DISCRIMINATION
India's booming economy and increasing prosperity does not conceal the fact that an oppressive caste system still exists. The Indian Government has
so far failed in its endeavours to eradicate caste, and women in particular are regularly subject to gross human rights violations as a result.
Dalit women are positioned at the bottom of the caste hierarchy, subject to multiple forms of discrimination on the basis of their caste, class and gender.
Dalit women are subject to a multitude of atrocities, including rape which is perpetrated with impunity with little or no redress in the courts – sexual
abuse and humiliation. As is typical in many situations, a woman's body is perceived as representing family and community honour, and to teach a
family or community a lesson, women are generally the primary targets. Strict prohibitions on marriage and other social interaction between Dalits and
the upper caste routinely violate the rights of Dalits to marry and choose their spouse.

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How Women Are Treated in India
In many parts of the world females still have very little rights. Indeed, equality between men and women have been accepted by the majority of the
developed countries, but developing countries still struggle to see women as equals to men, and India is one of the worst. Currently, the Indian
National Congress Party is only 10% female, limiting the say women get. In India, women are definitely not seen as equals to men are being treated
like second rate citizens. It also really says something about the inequality in a country when its women are so used to being treated badly most of
them do not even recognize that they have rights. In India, men were always valued more than women, which is why an estimated ten million
female foetuses are aborted every year. The lack of females in areas leads to crimes like human trafficking for sexual reasons like giving birth to
more children. Old traditions and beliefs are the main reasons to why millions of female foetuses are aborted every year, but it is also the reason behind
bride burning, another serious issue in India.
Bride burning, also known as dowry death occurs quite frequently in India. It is when the husband or the in–laws decide that the dowry the bride offers
is not enough and demands more. If the bride refuses or is financially not able to increase her dowry, she is tortured until she either agrees or dies;
otherwise she is murdered by her "family". The husbands and the in–laws usually disguise the deaths as accidents or

India 's Development And Growth Essay
Background: India is one of the most popular countries in the world. Geographically, India is located at the south of the Asian continent. India's
development and growth has been one of the most significant accomplishments in recent times. India neighboring countries include Pakistan, Nepal,
Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, and Bhutan. The size of the population in India is 1,266,883,598 and the Territorial size of the country is 3, 287,
263 sq. km (The World Factbook, 2016). The prime minister of India is known as Narendra Modi who is the leader of the majority party in Lok
Sabha and is currently the head of the Council of ministers in India. India's political party that is in power right now is Bharatiya Janata Party. The
Bharatiya Janata Party, was first founded by Shyama Mukherjee in 1953 with the main purpose of safeguarding the Hindu interests in India (The
World Factbook, 2016). India is becoming more of an open market economy. While most emerging nations were have struggled mightily against the
strong U.S. dollar and falling commodity prices, India continues to lead. The view for India's long–term growth is positive due to the staggering young
population and corresponding low dependency ratio (World Factbook, 2016). For example healthy savings, investment rates, and increasing integration
play a role in the global economy. India being the 4th largest economy in the world, India has bought about a landmark agricultural revolution that has
changed the country

The Effects Of Gender Inequality On India
Effects of Gender Inequality in India Gender inequality in India has taken a toll on various aspects of everyday life. Unequal treatment of the sexes in
India has determined one's standing on the social hierarchy. It has also caused a sole gender to dominate the majority of power in government. It also
has caused a single gender's opinions to be unheard and completely disregarded. Unfortunately, India's unequal treatment among genders has caused
women to be more susceptible to diseases. Gender inequality in India has caused sexism to be embedded in religion and everyday life. Females
are also less educated and are more vulnerable to poverty than men, as a result of the gender inequality in India. Unfortunately, this issue mainly
favors males, while complicating the lives of millions of females. As a social result of society's unequal treatment of the sexes, women are placed at
the bottom of the social hierarchy. If India's hierarchy was viewed as classes on a ladder, women would not occupy a standing on it, at all. The
majority of women are disenfranchised. While men are granted rights, women are often denied the same rights. In India, a large number of women are
sexually assaulted by their husbands, so fertility rates are extremely high. India's high fertility rates cause the global population to skyrocket. Some
females are denied the right to live. Since the advancement of sex predictability, many women are forced to have an abortion if they learn that they are
soon to

Ramayana Essay
Ramayana
Ramayana and some of the Hindu virtues derived from it The poetic author, Valmiki, does not calls Rama "the perfect man" in his well known tale of
Ramayana for no reason. For this story has been a legendary epic that many generations of the Hindu culture have been modeling their society after,
for over two thousand years. It has been an influential teaching for children and scholars of all ages because of its simplicity and exemplary concepts
and virtues of the Hindu people. From childhood most Indians learn the characters and incidents of this epic and they furnish the morals, ideals and
wisdom of common life. This epic helps to bind...show more content...
He handles the situation with remarkably patient and wise attitude and says to his stepmother, "I gladly obey father's command ...Why, I would go
even if you ordered it.". By doing this, he shows characteristics of great piety to his parents and the lack of desire to be a powerful and authoritative
rich ruler, all while knowing that he is giving up his righteous turn to rule the kingdom since he is the oldest of the four sons of the king. Instead, he
willingly goes off into exile – forest infested with evil spirits whom he battles with the power of good and defeats. As in most of the Eastern world,
this example of respect being paid to elders, parents, authorities (no matter what one is commanded to do) is very important in one's 'faith'; and the fact
that one successfully wards off evil, gives him/her the title of a cultural model hero, just as seen in Rama's case. Rama's casual attitude about going off
into the forest for fourteen years also shows his asceticism – the will to give up his material, emotional and physical attachments. His peaceful and
patient attitude towards his life is vivid due to his enduring wisdom. For he goes beyond the material and physical world

Indian Cuisine
Indian Cuisine
Think of India and one of the first things that come to mind is its diversity. A large populous country divided into many states; each with its own
unique traditions and gastronomic fare. Indian cooking is one of the most popular cuisines across the globe. Not only is it popular among the large
Indian diaspora but also among the mainstream population of North America and Europe. For the uninitiated, Indian food may seem foreign, scary,
spicy and not for the faint of heart. This paper aims to explore many of the facets that make up Indian cuisine and hopefully allay any misconceptions or
fears that may exist. The chapters are categorized under the following sections: 1. The Evolution of Indian Cooking 2. Geographical...show more
content...
Northern India North Indian cuisine is distinguished by a proportionally high use of dairy products. The tawa, or griddle, is used extensively for
baking flat breads like roti and paratha. A tandoor oven is also frequently used to cook main courses like chicken. Goat and lamb are favored
ingredients of many northern Indian recipes. The samosa, a common appetizer on all Indian restaurant menus, has its roots in northern India. The staple
food of most of north Indians are a variety of lentils, vegetables, and roti. Common north Indian foods such as kebabs and meat dishes originated with
the Muslim incursions into the country. The influence of Europeans is also apparent with the creation of new dishes like chicken tikka masala which is
actually a British invention during colonial times.
Eastern India
In the eastern part of India there is a large Oriental influence resulting from an influx of movement from Tibet and Nepal. All of these influences
helped form the dietary customs in eastern India. Popular food is this region is a unique blend of vegetarian meals prepared in the traditional Chinese
cooking style. Rice and fish are the staple foods because most of the towns and fishing villages are located on the coast.
Southern India
Southern Indian cuisine is distinguished by a greater emphasis on rice and the liberal use of coconut, coconut oil and curry leaves. Before Christianity
came to India in the early 52 AD, Kerala was strictly vegetarian as

1.Introduction
Olympic is an international sport event which held each four year. Last Olympic was Rio Olympic in Brazil in 2016. The event has lots of effects on
countries involved the event. Japan is one of those countries. Tokyo, Japan was chosen as next host of summer Olympic games in 2020. Tokyo
Olympic definitely has impacts on Japanese economy. For instance, it will affect businesses in the Japanese tourism industry. Many Japanese
businesses in Japanese tourism industry will be related to Tokyo Olympic. This research explain what Tokyo Olympic is and discuss how it affects
businesses in the Japanese businesses. Also, the researcher focusses on tourism industry in Japan, especially inns business as one of those businesses.
1.2.Tokyo Olympic in 2020
Olympic games have two types of games which held in different seasons; summer Olympic games and winter Olympic games. Japan had summer
Olympic games in 1964 for the first time. It was also first summer Olympic games which hold in Asia (International Olympic committee, n.d.). Then,
Japan got another opportunity to held summer Olympic games in Tokyo, Japan in 2020 for the second time. The games will be hold from 24 July to
9 August, 2020. Some researchers expect that Tokyo 2020 Olympic will bring lots of positive effects on Japanese economy as same as Tokyo 1964
Olympic changed country radically.
2.Japanese businesses related Tokyo 2020 Olympic
Tokyo 2020 Olympic is expected to bring positive effects on Japanese economy.

Theme Of Shashi Deshpande
SHASHI DESHPANDE
Shashi Deshpande is one of the famous contemporary Indian novelists in English. She writes about the conflict between tradition and modernity in
relation to women in middle class society. Shashi Deshpande's novel deals with the theme of the quest for a female identity. The complexities of man–
woman relationship especially in the context of marriage, the trauma of a disturbed adolescence. The Indian woman has for years been a silent
sufferer. While she has played different roles–as a wife, mother, sister and daughter, she has never been able to claim her own individuality. Shashi
Deshpande has emerged as a writer possessing deep insight into the female psyche. Focusing on the marital relation she seeks to expose the tradition
...show more content...
She is a born storyteller who proved her sustained creativity with the novel form. She is one of the widely read post–independence Indian English
writers who write consciously of the issues that concern the educated middle class woman in Indian society. She attempts to closely analyze
man–woman relationship within the perimeters of family and the contemporary social set–up. She primarily focuses on the captivating problems and
the suffocating environs of her heroines, who struggle hard in this malicious and callous male–dominated world to discover their true identity. Shashi
Deshpande's first book was The Legacy, a collection of short stories, and since then she has published dozens of stories. The authentic recreation of
India, the outstanding feature of her stories, is a distinct feature of her novels also. There is nothing sensational or exotic about her India–no
Maharajahs or snake charmers. She does not write about the grinding poverty of the Indian masses; she describes another kind of
deprivation–emotional. The woman deprived of love, understanding, and companionship is the center of her work. She shows how traditional Indian
society is biased against woman, but she recognizes that it is very often women who oppress their sisters, though their values are the result of centuries
of

Hindutva Essay
Hinduism Hindutva is a popular concept in India that represents Hindu ideology and promotes the hegemony of Hinduism in government, even at the
expense of others. Directly translated as "Hinduness", Hindutva was established as an official term made up by Vinayak Damodar Savarkar in 1923
(Falak). Opponents of Hindutva suggest that it is greatly similar to fascism in the sense that it oppresses the beliefs and liberties of minority groups. On
the other hand, the Sanatan Sanstha was founded by Jayant Balaji Athavale in 1990 and arranged the "Hindu Awakening" conferences about unification
for the sake of improving India (Falak). However, Sanatan Sanstha activists have been caught in the process of trying to bomb Indian cities. Many
Hindu political groups contradict their own peaceful words with violent actions, which is simply deceptive....show more content...
The caste system, often highly regarded by the elite of Hinduism, consists of four main divisions (Lee). There are Brahmins, the highest caste of
priests and scholars; Kshatriyas, warriors and kings; Vaishyas, merchants and landowners; and Shudras, servants and peasants. Technically, there is a
fifth category of social status, formerly known as the Untouchables, called Dalits. According to academic scholars like Dr. Ram Puniyani, Hindutva
mainly represents the response of higher caste Hindus to the uprising of the lower castes; additionally, it is the primary cause of Saffron terrorism in
India and Nepal (Falak). Divisive politics are progressively isolating classes from empathy which is counterproductive when attempting to create peace
for all people since it condones violence against the lower castes. These inequalities are also apparent beyond the realm of socioeconomic struggles and
cause discriminatory violence in the name of

Case Study Of Flipkart
ABSTRACT: The Indian online customer's shopping philosophy is hardly unique: we seek for the best deal available for the product of our choice.
And the fight for the leading slot in the $3.1 billion industry has evolved into a two way tussle between Amazon and Flipkart. In our case we will
study the e business strategy during festive season and the role of Information Management System in driving success. Retailers across the Indian
market are aware of the fact that August – November is the festive time in our country. Consumers go berserk in these times. Buying patterns
accentuate, everybody wants to get a piece of that sale Flipkart tried something unconventional when it launched its The Big Billion Day sale with great
preparations however...show more content...
2)Customer Relationship management plays a major role when the traffic on the site is unmanageable and will help in load sharing with the site.
3)An updated Content management system will improve its resistance against bugs and viral attacks.
Weakness
1)Because of the stiff competition in the marketplace the margins of operations are drastically low. In such scenarios implementation of costly IT
solutions will make the business unprofitable.
2)Inventory management is major challenge because of the unpredictable demand during festive season.
3)Low internet penetration is a major challenge for the e commerce industry in a developing country like India. This restricts the reach of these internet
based companies.
Opportunity
1)The added IT solutions will help in improving company's scalability. Using these solutions, in a long run, will help the company in expanding its
customer base and its reach across the country.
2)Such companies have to deal with multilayer transactions with different stakeholders like customers, merchants and banks. Improved IT
infrastructure will help in enhancing the speed of the transactions and can improve the profit figures

Essay on Indian Music
Indian Music
The music of India is one of the oldest unspoken musical traditions in the world. The basis of for Indian music is "sangeet." Sangeet is a combination
of three art forms: vocal music, instrumental music (Indian music). Indian music is base upon seven modes (scales). It is probably no coincidence that
Greek music is also base upon seven modes. Furthermore, the Indian scales follow the same process of modulation (murchana) that was found in
ancient Greek music. Since Greece is also Indo–European, this is another piece of evidence for the Indo–European connection (Dance and music of
India).
The vocal tradition is especially strong in Indian music. It is understood that the song is probably the most ancient form of...show more content...
It is linked to the Sanskrit word "ranj" which means, "to colour" (Indian music). Therefore, rag may be thought of as an acoustic method of colouring
the mind of the listener with an emotion. It is not a tune, melody, scale, mode, or any concept for which an English word exists. It is instead a
combination of different characteristics. It is these characteristics, which define the rag. There must be the notes of the rag. They are called the swar
(Indian music). There must also be a modal structure. This is called that in North Indian music and mela in carnatic music (Carnatic music). There is
also the jati. Jati is the number of notes used in the rag. There must also be the ascending and descending structure. This is called arohana/avarohana.
Another characteristic is that the various notes do not have the same level of significance. Some are important and others less so. The important notes
are called vadi and samavadi (Indian music). There are often characteristic movements to the rag. This is called either pakad (Indian music).
The Indian rhythm is known as tal. Tal means "clap". The tabla (Indian drum instrument) has replaced the clap in the performance, but the term still
reflects the origin. The basic concepts of tal are tali, Khali,vibhag, matra, bol, theka, lay, sam, and avartan.
Tali are a pattern of clapping. In addition to the claps, there are also a number of

Taekwondo Essay
Introduction One of the most popular sports at present is Taekwondo. It is loosely defined in Korean as "the way of the foot and fist". It is from the
word "Tae", which means "foot", "Kwon" for "fist" and "Do" for "the way or method". (Southwick, 1998) Thus, taekwondo is a free–fighting combat
sport using bare hands and feet to repel an opponent. (Lee, 1995) It requires proper and skillful execution of techniques such as punching, jumping
kicks, blocks, dodges, parrying actions with hands and feet. Taekwondo is a sport that uses the entire body as a weapon to attack and beat the
opponent with his hands, feet, elbows, knees or any part of his body. A person who knows Taekwondo should be able to stand against any opponent,
but its code...show more content...
As such, King Chin–Hung organized a group of young warriors called the Hwa Rang, meaning the flowering manhood. This group, mainly composed
of young aristocrats were trained in Taekkyon and Subak, the earlier forms of Taekwondo. (World Taekwondo Federation,2009) They were also given
five principles by Wong Kwang, a Buddhist monk: be loyal to your king; be obedient to your parents, be honourable to your friends; never retreat in
battle; and kill with justice. (Barnaby, 2003) The practice of these martial arts then became a stepping stone in influencing the unification of the three
kingdoms. They remained popular throughout the years. Then came the Japanese occupation of Korea, Japan decreed that Korean martial arts be banned
from all sectors of Korea as a safety measure against Korean uprising. In spite of the ban in effect, there were still several hidden practitioners of
both martial arts (Lee,1995). Some even flew to China to continue practicing Taekkyon and Subak. As Korea regained its independence, the ban on
these martial arts has been lifted and Koreans resumed their practice of these two martial arts. To further regain the Korean martial arts, Grand Master
Choi Hong Hi, an army general, decided to fly to different countries to make a research about martial arts. After seventeen years of questing, he came
back and introduced the name Taekwondo in a press conference in April 11, 1955. World Taekwondo Federation

Indian Youth and Social Media
Introduction
In the 1950s and 1960s, United States, UAE, Switzerland were internationally pre–eminent in economy and technology. After 30 years the economic
landscape has changed considerably and indeed continues to change with amazing rapidity. Situation of strategic economic equality has come to exist
in the triad regions of North America, Western Europe and the Pacific Rim (includingIndia and China).
India is considered as a developing country having population of more than a billion, second highest in the world opened up the economy in the early
nineties following a major crisis that led by a foreign exchange crunch that dragged the economy close to defaulting on loans. The response was a slew
of domestic and external sector policy...show more content...
As Indian industry has become more globally competitive major India businesses anticipated much higher allocations for marketing and advertising
campaigns in order to persist within the globalized Indian economy. Some estimate that the advertising industry has been one of the fastest developing
industries in India as much as 25–30%. Another result of globalization has been a huge increase in salaries of senior managers, accountants, lawyers
and public relations personnel working for MNCs or their local competitors. For the IT–literate, job opportunities have been plenty, and there are also
openings to live and earn abroad.
Indian consumers associate India's headway with the accessibility of the latest automobile models and consumer goods. The local accessibility of
imported European cosmetics and fashions, imported drinks and confectioneries have all become meaningful to those who have enough disposable
income to buy such items. Industrialists with interests in ports, shipping, international warehousing and other presence of international trade and
commerce may also see globalization as favorable to their sectors of the economy.
Globalization makes the country increasingly interconnected.
It paid a greater access to developing countries like India faces new challenges like growing inequality across and within nations, volatility in financial
market and environmental

Essay on Bollywood Movies
Bollywood movies are very popular for the "Romance" portrayed in their plot. Romance in Bollywood has evolved throughout the ages. But the one
thing, that has remained constant are the unofficial and official ban on any depiction that may suggest something which is not a part of the "Indian"
culture. Westernization was always shown as something negative and alien. Let's have a closer look at how Hindi cinema deals with this censorship
code that has been set up. Bollywood adopted a new way to recreate the same passion that usually a 'kiss' would generate; they substitute these by
song and dance routines. Songs are basically a description of the passionate seen with no suggestive visual imagery to aid it. It's left to the audiences'
...show more content...
For example in Shree 420(1950), Maya the female antagonist is shown as rich, westernized women, with no moral values. She is shown to wear
explicitly revealing clothes and have short hair. She drinks alcohol and also smokes. Flirting with men and dancing while inappropriately clad
around them, are also the other negative qualities she embodies. However, Vidya is the female protagonist who is completely the opposite, she's
traditional and educated. Responsibilities that she holds are looking after her disabled father and running a school. Her hair is long and she is
always traditionally dressed in saris. The contrasting visual imagery of Vidya and Maya lets the audience make a judgment of who portrays the
negative character quite clearly. Do not fail to notice that this outward depiction of good and bad is only in terms of the women. Raj the male lead
of the movie Shree 420, goes through a phase of corruption and greed, however, he is ultimately forgiven and given the benefit of the doubt. This
leads me to my next point about how 'Women" are sacrificed in movies just to pass out a social message. The message clearly states that any act
which is not "culturally accepted" will have bad consequences. In the movie Kati Patang, you are taken through the story of Madhavi, who runs away
to be with her lover on the day of her wedding. From that very moment, she encounters a series of unfortunate events. A secondary character from

Essay on Hinduism
The Hindu religion and culture is a very complex subject. The Hindu religion combines rich ethnical and standard beliefs. We will take a closer look
and try to understand the Hindu religion and culture. The Hindu religion is the oldest religion of the five major religions, which are Islam, Christianity,
Judaism, Buddhism, and Hinduism (Major World Religions, 2006). The Hindu religion began to develop about 4.000 years ago in India, but it there
was no single founder or system of belief (Major World Religions, 2006). There are many diverse and various Gods in the Hindu religion. One of the
most important beliefs is the theory of karma, which holds that all beings, human or animal have karma which determines which soul is for which body
and...show more content...
Hindus have to be patient in their religion to achieve their peacefulness. Hindus are also known to be very friendly. Having such characteristics would
greatly empower our whole society no matter what religion someone is from. My interviewee Tony Khanna, a fellow co–worker, took me to his temple
he goes to worship, on a Sunday evening. He took me to the Sri Meenakshi Devasthanam located in Pearland, Texas. The first thing I noticed upon
arrival at the temple is the beautiful architectural building design outside. I was in amazement of how beautiful the temple was. I had not seen
something so beautiful in quite awhile. The temple is visible from a quite a distance away and has two stunning white towers. When coming up to
the temple from the parking lot Tony indicated to me that the temple was established in 1977 and was a replica of a famous temple in India. There
was a huge white gate we had to walk through to get to the main temple. Once inside I was greeted by many Hindu's that were quite pleasant and
talkative towards this outsider that I was. Before the visit one of my questions to Tony was if Hindu's welcomed outsiders within their temples. He
indicated that Hindu's are very open and that I would be welcomed. I was quite surprised for this to be so true. With in the confines of the temple
there were many different kinds of symbols that I was not quite familiar with. A couple that I noted was a Diya, Om, and Swastika. There were

On August 8, 1942 in Bombay, India, Gandhi gave a speech to many individuals in order to call for a peaceful, yet determined, resistance for the
independance of India. Gandhi is speaking to influence the people of India to stand up and declare their independence from Great Britain. The
idea of a peaceful protest is a main point of Gandhi's speech. Gandhi was a very influential orator. A major aspect of Gandhi's speech is the use of
ethos and pathos. Although ethos and pathos are very apparent, a lot of his speech is driven by the effective use of logos. From the very beginning
of his speech, Gandhi explains and emphasizes his credibility through the use of ethos. Gandhi starts with the statement, " There are people who
ask me whether I am the same man that I was in 1920" (1). This statement was meant to emphasize that some people are starting to question his
credibility. Gandhi quickly follows up with the statement, " I have not changed in any fundamental respect" (1). By saying this, he quickly
reestablishes his credibility with the audience. This is very important for his audience because if they no longer think he is credible, then they are
more than likely not going to listen to what he has to say. Gandhi knows that he hasn't changed his ideals and he lets the audience know this. His
credibility, or ethos, is paramount to whether or not his speech will be successful. He is trying to convince a nation to declare its independence. His
use of ethos helps to convince the audience that his ideals are right and that they should do as he says. When a great orator, as Gandhi was, has the
ability to connect emotionally with an audience, they can influence almost any audience. Gandhi uses pathos in an incredible way throughout his
speech. He knows that the people of India are struggling greatly under the rule of the British. He knows that his audience is full of hatred for the
British. He addresses, and deals with these emotions very well. "I know the British Government will not be able to withhold freedom from us, when
we have made enough self–sacrifice. We must, therefore, purge ourselves of hatred" (2). With this statement, Gandhi explains to the people that hatred
is not the way to gain independence. The

India A Developing Country
India is a developing country. The factors hindering development of the country are many. Some of them can be attributed to the low per capita income
and larger chunk of the population living under the poverty line. India is a country with poor people but with rich natural resources. It can be said that
the country's potential is either the human resource or the natural resources are not adequately utilized to the maximum extent and that resulted in low
per capita income. India is an agrarian economy. The economy is marred with unemployment and under employment. Since the economy is basically
agrarian, disguised unemployment is also rampant among the farmer community. Apart from the reasons mentioned, the money market as well as
capital market witnessed the presence of private moneylenders, landlords etc. They have acted as bankers for centuries and have amassed major wealth
from people of India that adversely affected capital formation. The need for a better financial institution and credit infrastructure was thus felt necessary
by the planning commission when the five–year plans were initiated. An efficient banking system and well functioning capital market, capable of
mobilizing the savings &channeling them to productive uses, are essential if the efforts at economic restructuring are to succeed. While both the
banking systems and capital markets have shown impressive growth in the volume of operations. Unless major reforms were initiated it was difficult to

Essay On Indian English Literature
Introduction to Indian writing in English, inclusive of fiction: Indian English Literature is defined as the contribution of Indian writers to the Literature
in English. With the consolidation of the British power in India, English, the language of rulers also began to exercise its influence on the intellectuals
of the country. To the educated people, English language is a gateway to western knowledge. English provided a window for the Indian intellectuals to
have a look at the wide world.
Indian English Literature is a literature which is a combination of Indian literature and Indian literature written in English. Indian writings in English
are a product of the historical encounter between the two cultures – Indian and the western–for...show more content...
The first book with a title Travels of Dean Mahornet was written in English by Sake Dean Mahomet. It was published in 1793 in England. After
publication of this book the English Parliament felt to rectify and equalize some of the materialistic of the East India Com servants. The England
Parliament had approved the Charter Act. It made England responsible for the educational betterment of the natives. The English Education Act was
prompted by Thomas Babington Macaulay's ill–famed "minute" on Indian education. It made English the medium of Indian education system and
English literature a disciplinary subject in Indian educational institutions. Indian English Literature has matured from a sapling to a firmly rooted tree
that blooms with its entirety still awaiting its yet–to–come metamorphosis. Indians took countless events and spotlight notable personalities to bring
Indian writing in English to its contemporary fame. Indian literature in English and its transformation had happened in company with the consolidation
of British imperialism in India. The critics come to the agreement that Indian English literature dates back to at least the early 19th century. In its early
stages, the narration was influenced by the Western art form of the "novel". Early Indian writers made English by Indian words to communicate an
experience and understanding which was fundamentally and in essence of Indian. In the beginning acceptance of English language and literature by
upper–class Indians. First, there were the educational reforms called forth by both the Charter Act of 1813 and the 1835 English Education Act of
William

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