Simple presentation

2. Toxoplasmosis
►A widely distributed
infection caused by
the obligate
intracellular coccidian
protozoan.
Toxoplasma gondii .

4. Transmission:
►1. by ingestion of
oocysts contaminating
food or water.
►2. Eating under cooked
meat.

5. ►3- Tran placental.
►4- Blood
transfusion &
organ
transplantation

6. Morphology:
►Exist in 2 forms:
►1. Rapidly growing
trophozoite (Tachyzoite)
seen intracellular in acute
Infection.

7. ►2- Encysted form:
slowly growing
►trophozoite
(Bradyzoite) seen in
chronic Infections.

8. Life cycle:
►The definitive host is
the cat.
►Parasites ingested
invade the mucosa of
the…….. Small intestine

9. ►where they form
gametocytes
→fuse sexually →
oocysts →
infective stage in
feces.

10. ►In each oocyst there
are 2 sporocyst each
contain 4 sporozoites.
i.e oocyst ═ 8
sporozoites

11. ►In man the
trophozoite multiply
rapidly by Binary
fission R.E.S, C.NS,
leucocytes & other
cells →rupture

12. ►&necrosis of the
surrounding
structure →
pseudo cyst with
trophozoites.

13. Clinical findings:
►I.P: 1-3 wks.
►Infection can be
acquired or
congenital.

14. 1. Acquired
toxoplasmosis:
►Mostly asymptomatic
when symptoms
appear They range
from mild

15. ►flu-like illness
to a severe
infection in the
immuno
Suppressed.

16. S&S:
►1. Fever, rash,
weakness.
►2. L.N↑.
►3. Atypical
lymphocytosis.

17. ►4. ocular
toxoplasmosis:
choroidoretinitis.
►5. Meningo
encephalitis.
►6. Myocarditis .

18. ►HIV associated
toxoplasmosis:
↓immunity →
sever infection:
encephalitis

19. ►With fever,
headache +
confusion →
comma cause of
death.

20. 2. Congenital toxoplasmosis:
►Intra –uterine infection
from a mother with
active parasitemia
during Pregnancy:

21. ►Early (1st trimester):
►risk is 15% →
abortion.
►2nd trimester: risk is
30%.

22. ►3rd trimester:
risk is 60%.
May manifest
2-3 after birth.

23. C/F :
►blindness , mental ,
retardation ,
cerebral
calcification

24. Laboratory diagnosis
►i. specimens :
► the trophozoite can
be demonstrated in :
►1. L.N smears.

25. ►2. Bone marrow
aspirate.
►3. CSF.
►4. Spleen & liver
aspirate.
►5. Sputum.

26. ►Microscopy:
►after staining by
Giemsa or P.AS.
► ii. Animal inoculation:
►mice → cysts in brain.

27. ►iii. Serology:
►1. Sabin –Feldman dye
test: in the presence of
neutralizing Abs,
alkaline Methylene blue
will not permeate

28. ►& stain the viable
trophozoies .
►2. Indirect
haemagglutination
IHA latex.
►3. IFA.

29. ►4. ELISA
►5. CF test.
►6. PCR

30. ►7. IgM in neonate
or rising,
persistent IgG in
congenital
infection.

31. Treatment:
►Combination of:
pyrimethamine +
sulfadiazine.
►Alternatives:
►spiramycin , clindamycin .

32. ►Trimethopirm,
sulfamethoxaz
ole

33. Prevention:
►Avoidance of contact
with cats.
►Avoidance of eating
raw or under cooked
meat.