The document summarizes and evaluates the use of literature in a research article about developing a telephone-based intervention for support persons to help smokers quit smoking. The research article used literature to introduce the problem, theory, and research questions. It also used literature to compare results to existing research and predictions. Literature was used to describe the sample and summarize key results. Finally, the document concludes the research article clearly reports on a research study by outlining what it aimed to learn, how it collected data from participants, and analyzed the information.

1. Dr. Obumneke Amadi
Analyzing and Evaluating the Use of Literature
Use of Literature
The use of literature in a research is the review of relevant literature that seeks to
describe, summarize, evaluate, clarify and integrate the content of primary reports (Deakin
University, n.d). The purpose for this discussion is to review my assigned research article and
write a paragraph analysis and evaluation of the author's use of literature in the article. The
article is Health Services and Public Health: Article A. The literature review of the author’s use
of literature in my assigned article are based on the following information’s:
Research Structure
In order to illustrate the research construction by the authors for the research article, a
literature was used to introduced a problem for the research article by the authors which states
that “Most smokers do not seek treatment for smoking cessation and report low levels of
motivation to quit” (Abrams, Herzog, Emmons, & Linnan, 2000) ((Patten, et.al. 2008, p.17), the
authors also used literature to introduce a theory which was applied in the research that states
that “Social cognitive (learning) theory (Bandura, 1998, 2004) was the conceptual basis for the
development of the intervention for support persons”, for which the perception emphasizes the
joint interplay between self-efficacy and environmental e.g., social persuasion determinants of
health behavior(Patten, et.al. 2008, p18).
In order to provide direction to the research questions and hypotheses a literature
statement was used which states that “The Clinical Practice Guideline on treating tobacco use
and dependence (Fiore, Bailey, & Cohen, 2000) provides evidence for the role of extra-treatment
support in smoking cessation” and “Despite these findings, reviews of the literature
(Lichtenstein, Glasgow, & Abrams, 1986; Palmer, Baucom, & McBride, 2000; Park, Tudiver,
Schultz, & Campbell, 2004) indicate that the effect of including an intervention component for
support persons on the smoking abstinence outcome is inconsistent” (Patten, et.al. 2008, p.18)
Current and Previous Research
To future analyzing the use of literature in the research article, I found that the article
Compared results with existing literature or predictions, which states that “However, efforts to

2. boost natural support in the context of community-based or self-help smoking cessation
interventions have been more successful (Carlson, Goodey, Bennett, Taenzer, & Koopmans,
2002; Pirie, Rooney, Pechacek, Lando, & Schmid, 1997)” and “These overall findings are
consistent with the literature on social relationships and health suggesting the effectiveness of
natural support networks versus social support groups (see Cohen, 2004, for review) especially
for maintenance of changes beyond the active intervention (Gottlieb, 2000)”( (Patten, et.al.
2008,p.18).
Other literatures where used where the authors revealed the problem addressed within the
study which states that “The importance of early development (stage I) of innovative behavioral
therapies has received increasing attention (National Institutes of Health, 2006)”. In addition a
literature was also used to identify the central purpose of the study which states that “In this
pilot, we developed and then examined the initial feasibility and acceptability of a telephone-
based intervention for support persons. (Patten, et.al. 2008, p.18) and that “the goal of this study
was to develop and refine a telephone-based intervention for support persons” (Patten, et.al.
2008, p.18)
Material Sampling and Results Summary
Literatures were also used to reveal information about the sample, population, or subjects
provided which states that “The written materials provided as part of the intervention was
condensed from the larger 139-page manual used in our previous study to a briefer 20-page
booklet format” and that “Participants were screened by telephone”. The article revealed the
projected a target sample of 10 support persons and a total of 21 participants who were screened
((Patten, et.al. 2008, p.20) and the key results was summarized which indicated that “the
telephone-based intervention was feasible and acceptable to participants; overall counselor
adherence to the manual guidelines was 100%, & the support person treatment acceptability had
positive rating (Patten, et.al. 2008, p.24).
Finally, the journal article is clearly a report of a research study because it has a central
idea of what to learn about, has access to participants and resources were collected and analyzed
for information. (Creswell, 2009).

3. Reference
Creswell, J. (2009). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches
(Laureate Education, Inc., custom ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications - Chapter
2, "Review of the Literature"
Deakin University (n.d).Literature reviewhttp://www.deakin.edu.au/library/research/literature-
review.php
Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2009e). Literature reviews. Baltimore, MD:
Author
Patten, C., Petersen, L., Brockman, T., Gerber, T., Offord, K., Ebbert, J., & ... Boness, J. (2008).
Development of a telephone-based intervention for support persons to help smokers quit.
Psychology, Health & Medicine, 13(1), 17-28.