1. GROWTH AND MAINTENANCE IN
RESPIRATION

2. RESPIRATION

3. RESPIRATION
 Oxidation of organic substances to CO2 and water
 Can be divided into 3 groups :
 Autotrophic respiration / plant respiration.
 Heterotrophic respiration / soil respiration.
 Photorespiration.

4. Diagram 1: Autotrophic respiration and Heterotrophic respiration

5. DEFINITION OF
AUTOTROPHIC,
HETEROTROPHIC AND
PHOTORESPIRATION

6. AUTOTROPHIC
 Capable of self-nourishment
 Requires only minerals for growth
 Uses carbonate or carbon dioxide as a source of
carbon and simple inorganic nitrogen as a nitrogen
source
Sources: GNU Webster's 1913

7. HETEROTROPHIC
 Not self-sustaining
 Dependent upon others for food.
 Requires organic compounds of carbon and nitrogen
for nourishment
Sources: Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia and WordNet 3.0

8. PHOTORESPIRATION
 Oxidation of carbohydrates in plants with the release
of carbon dioxide during photosynthesis.
 Happens on hot dry days when a plant is forced to
close its stomata to prevent excess water loss.
Sources: American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition

9. AUTOTROPHIC
RESPIRATION

10. AUTOTROPHIC RESPIRATION
 Respiration: Oxidation of organic substances to CO2
and water
 Defined as loss of photosynthetically fixed carbon lost
by internal plant metabolism
 Byproduct are ATP and NADPH

11. AUTOTROPHIC RESPIRATION
 Common chemical equation of autotrophic respiration
for glucose is:
C6H12O6 + 6O2  6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
 The autotrophic respiration consists of:
• Growth Respiration
• Maintenance Respiration

12. AUTOTROPHIC RESPIRATION
Diagram 2: Tree Growth and Maintenance Diagram

13. GROWTH
RESPIRATION

14. GROWTH RESPIRATION
 Growth - refers to the biosynthesis process within a
growing organ and related phloem transport,
excluding mineral uptake and nitrogen reduction
 Includes the carbon cost of synthesizing new tissue
from glucose and minerals used for growth
 Rate for various tissue differs depends on the their
compositions.

15. GROWTH RESPIRATION
 Repair of injured tissue increase maintenance
respiration above basal rate.

16. Diagram 3: Respiration cycle of plant

17. MAINTENANCE
RESPIRATION

18. MAINTENANCE RESPIRATION
 Refers to the CO2 released, or O2 consumed, during
basal rate of metabolism of usable energy used for:
 Resynthesis of compounds that undergo renewal
 Maintenance of chemical gradients of ions and
metabolites across cellular membranes
 Operation of metabolic processes involved in
physiological adjustment to a change in the plant's
environment

19. MAINTENANCE RESPIRATION
 Temperature is the most important environmental
factor affecting maintenance respiration
 The metabolic costs of the repair of injury from stress
(biotic/abiotic) also considered as part of maintenance
respiration
 Essential for biological health and growth of plants,
sustain living tissues.

20. MAINTENANCE RESPIRATION
 Key component of most physiologically based
mathematical models of plant growth, includes:
 models of crop growth and yield
 models of ecosystem primary production and carbon
balance

21. Diagram 4: Example of Autotrophic Respiration of plant

22. CONCLUSION

23. CONCLUSION
 In sense of learning growth and maintenance
respiration in crop physiology, we can:
 Learn mechanism used by plants to grow and maintain
its growth
 Learn and predict the life cycle of a specific plant
 How to maintain a specific plant growth to increase its
yield as well as its yield production longevity (important
for economic crop producers)

24. REFERENCES

25. REFERENCES
BOOKS:
 Julian Evans ,The Forests Handbook, An Overview of Forest Science (Google
Books), pg. 195 – 196.
 J. J. Landsberg, S. T. Gower, Applications Of Physiological Ecology To Forest
Management (Google Books), pg. 139 – 140.
 James I. L. Morison, Michael D. Morecroft, Plant Growth And Climate Change
(Google Books), pg. 197 – 198.
 Richard H. Waring, S. W. Running, Forest Ecosystems: Analysis At Multiple
Scales (Google Books), pg. 67 – 69.
 Christopher The, Introduction To Mathematical Modeling Of Crop Growth
(Google Books), pg. 144

26. REFERENCES
 Theodore Thomas Kozlowski, Stephen G. Pallardy, Growth Control in Woody
Plants (Google Books), pg. 96 – 97.
 Yin Xinyou, H. H. van Laar, Crop Systems Dynamics (Google Books), pg. 20.
 Hans Lambers, Francis Stuart Chapin (III.), Francis Stuart Chapin, Thijs Leendert
Pons, Plant Physiological Ecology, Pg. 134 – 136.
INTERNET:
 Peter Kolb, University of Montana, 5 October 2011, Tree Biology,
http://www.extension.org/pages/33616/tree-biology
 Definitions of biological terms as well as its citation;
http://www.wordnik.com

27. REFERENCES
JOURNALS:
 Michael G. Ryan, Department of Forest Science, Oregon State University, 30
August 1989, Growth and Maintenance Respiration In Stems Of Pinus controta
and Picea engelmannii, Pg. 48 – 57
 Markus Lötscher, Katja Klumpp and Hans Schnyder, Plant Science Department,
Technische Universität München, Am Hochanger 1, D-85350 Freising-
Weihenstephan, Germany, Growth And Maintenance Respiration For Individual
Plants In Hierarchically Structured Canopies Of Medicago sativa And
Helianthus annuus : The Contribution Of Current And Old Assimilates

28. THANK YOU