The document discusses the structure and function of blood cells and the heart. It notes that blood is made up of plasma and several types of cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin and transport oxygen and carbon dioxide. White blood cells help defend the body against infection and foreign materials. Platelets play a role in blood clotting. The document also compares the structure of hearts in fish, reptiles, and humans, noting differences like the number of chambers and whether blood is fully oxygenated.

2. The blood cell also called as hematocyte is a
cell produced by hematopoiesis and normally
found in blood
 Blood is a specialised tissue consisting of several types of
cell suspended in a fluid medium called plasma.
 Blood perform a wide range of functions
 As far a transport is concerned,its two important
compenents are red blood cells and plasma
 Blood flow in the body of vertebrates for example fish,birds
and mammals
 In mammals these fall into three generals which
are(erythrocytes) red blood cells,(leucocytes)white blood
cells and platelets

3. 1.Red Blood Cells (Erythrocytes) and
Its Function
 Haemoglobin (the main component of red blood cells) is
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an iron-containing protein that facilitates transportation
of oxygen and other respiratory gases to tissues.
Oxygenated blood is bright red whereas deoxygenated
blood is dark red.
Erythrocytes transport oxygen from the lung s to all parts
of the body
Erythrocytes carry carbon dioxide from the tissues to the
lungs in the form of carbaminohaemoglobin.
Erythrocytes as buffers and help to maintain blood pH.

4. 2.White Blood Cells
(Leucocytes) and Its Function
 Formed in the bone marrow and lymph nodes
 Leucocytes are cells of the immune system involved
in defending the body against both infectious
disease and foreign materials.
 Leucocytes live for about 3 to 4 days in the average
human body.
 Leucocytes are much larger than erythrocytes and
they each has a nucleus

5. 3.Platelets and Its Function
 Irregularly shaped cell fragments usually lacking nuclei
are formed in bone marrow.
 Has a lifespan about of 2 to 9 days before they are
destroyed in the spleen and liver.
 Platelets play an important role in blood clotting.

6. The Diagram
of Heart of Fish

8. The Diagram of
Heart of Reptile

10. The Diagram of
Heart of Human

12. The differences and to
some similarities
between heart structure

13. The Difference and Some
Similarities
Heart of Fish
Heart of Reptile
 It has four chambered heart which
 It has five chambered heart which is
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is 2 primary ,2 auxillary and 1
atria,1 ventricle.
Valves are passive
Open and close according to
pressure differences
Assure unidirectional flow of
blood
The ciculatory system are single
circulation
The blood pressure in vessels are
low
The blood flow in vessels are slow
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two atria and three interconnected
ventricular compartments.
Cavum venosum-leads to systemic
aortas.
Cavum pulmonale-leads to pulmonary
artery
Cavum arteriosum-cavity at base of
pulmonary vein
Seperation of oxygenated and
deoxygenated blood in the ventricles
are is nearly complete
The circulatory system are double
circulation
The blood pressure in vessels are high
The blood flow in vessels are fast

14. Heart of Human
 It has four chambered heart which are two atria and two
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ventricles (oxygenated and deoxygenated blood are
seperated )
Valves is divided in two which is Atrioventricular valves
(AV) located between atria and ventricles, triscupid (R),
bicuspid (L) and the semilunar valves which is located
between ventricles and arteries,aortic and pulmonary.
It seperated by intraventricular septum
The circulatory system are double circulation
The blood pressure in vessels are high
The blood flow in vessels are fast